{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:21:44Z","timestamp":1791944504137,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004022","name":"Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016238","name":"Alkoholitutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T15:39:26Z","timestamp":1646235566000},"page":"72-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gambling and online trading: emerging risks of real-time stock and cryptocurrency trading platforms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Mantere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6344-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib1","series-title":"Warren Buffett says Robinhood is catering to the gambling instincts of investors","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.084","article-title":"The conceptual and empirical relationship between gambling, investing, and speculation","volume":"5","author":"Arthur","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib3","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Who gambles in the stock market?","volume":"64","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107021","article-title":"Cryptocurrency trading, gambling and problem gambling","volume":"122","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114013","article-title":"Changes in gambling behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 a web survey study in Sweden","volume":"17","author":"H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intfin.2021.101289","article-title":"Speculation and lottery-like demand in cryptocurrency markets","author":"Grobys","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Financ Mark Inst Money"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.3390\/math9151771","article-title":"Trading cryptocurrencies as a pandemic pastime: COVID-19 lockdowns and bitcoin volume","volume":"9","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2021.101946","article-title":"How did retail investors respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? The effect of Robinhood brokerage customers on market quality","volume":"43","author":"Pagano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Finance Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101784","article-title":"Trading from home: the impact of COVID-19 on trading volume around the world","volume":"37","author":"Chiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Finance Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9659-x","article-title":"Day traders in South Australia: similarities and differences with traditional gamblers","volume":"33","author":"Arthur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2018.10.017","article-title":"Should retail investors' leverage be limited?","volume":"132","author":"Heimer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Financ Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib13","first-page":"773","article-title":"Trading is hazardous to your wealth: the common stock investment performance of individual investors","volume":"55","author":"Barber","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib14","first-page":"261","article-title":"Boys will be boys: gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment","volume":"116","author":"Barber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2019.02.027","article-title":"Boys will still be boys: gender differences in trading activity are not due to differences in (over) confidence","volume":"160","author":"Cueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Econ Behav Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.01.005","article-title":"Preliminary findings on cryptocurrency trading among regular gamblers: a new risk for problem gambling?","volume":"92","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502295","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.502295","article-title":"Comparison of psychological status and investment style between bitcoin investors and share investors","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib18","first-page":"111","article-title":"Compulsive gambling in the financial markets: evidence from two investor surveys","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bank Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib19","first-page":"4","article-title":"Methods for the detection of carelessly invalid responses in survey data","volume":"66","author":"Curran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2021.1884735","article-title":"Paid online convenience samples in gambling studies: questionable data quality","volume":"21","author":"Pickering","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib21","series-title":"The Canadian problem gambling index: final report","first-page":"59","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9107-7","article-title":"Evaluating the problem gambling severity index","volume":"25","author":"Holtgraves","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9300-6","article-title":"Validity of the problem gambling severity index interpretive categories","volume":"29","author":"Currie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku210","article-title":"The extent and distribution of gambling harm in Finland as assessed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index","volume":"25","author":"Raisamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.11.005","article-title":"Validation of the ten-item internet gaming disorder test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 internet gaming disorder criteria","volume":"64","author":"Kir\u00e1ly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0181","article-title":"The compulsive internet use scale (CIUS): some psychometric properties","volume":"12","author":"Meerkerk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.03.011","article-title":"A\u00a0repeat cross-sectional analysis of the psychometric properties of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) with adolescents from public and private schools","volume":"86","author":"Dhir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000355076","article-title":"Assessment of problematic internet use by the compulsive internet use scale and the internet addiction test: a sample of problematic and pathological gamblers","volume":"20","author":"Guertler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Addiction Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib29","series-title":"The alcohol use disorders identification test. Guidelines for use in primary care","author":"Babor","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00172.x","article-title":"AUDIT-C, AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-QF in screening risky drinking among Finnish occupational health-care patients","volume":"29","author":"Kaarne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199102000-00008","article-title":"Performance of a five-item mental health screening test","volume":"29","author":"Berwick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.05.012","article-title":"Screening for mood and anxiety disorders with the five-item, the three-item, and the two-item Mental Health Inventory","volume":"168","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00329-8","article-title":"Screening for mental health: validity of the MHI-5 using DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders as gold standard","volume":"105","author":"Rumpf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-115","article-title":"The predictive value of mental health for long-term sickness absence: the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) compared","volume":"13","author":"Thorsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A\u00a0global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib36","series-title":"The social psychology of health","first-page":"31","article-title":"Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x","article-title":"The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State\u2014trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)","volume":"31","author":"Marteau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","article-title":"A\u00a0short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: results from two population-based studies","volume":"26","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020794","article-title":"Covid-19 anxiety \u2013 a longitudinal survey study of psychological and situational risks among Finnish workers","volume":"18","author":"Savolainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/14035","article-title":"The role of perceived loneliness in youth addictive behaviors: cross-national survey study","volume":"7","author":"Savolainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib41","first-page":"229","article-title":"Social determinants of debt problems in a Nordic welfare state: a Finnish register-based study","volume":"38","author":"Oksanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consum Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0251-9","article-title":"Problem gambling and psychological distress: a cross-national perspective on the mediating effect of consumer debt and debt problems among emerging adults","volume":"15","author":"Oksanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2018.1544910","article-title":"Shared identity and shared information in social media: development and validation of the identity bubble reinforcement scale","volume":"23","author":"Kaakinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Media Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib44","first-page":"191","article-title":"Bubble regime identification in an attention-based model for Bitcoin and Ethereum price dynamics","author":"Cretarola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2018.11.011","article-title":"Cryptocurrencies as financial bubbles: the case of Bitcoin","volume":"31","author":"Geuder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Finance Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1002\/per.426","article-title":"Beyond risk seeking and risk aversion: personality and the dual nature of economic risk taking","volume":"15","author":"Zaleskiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241895","article-title":"Predictors of mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in the US: role of economic concerns, health worries and social distancing","volume":"15","author":"K\u00e4mpfen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027_bib48","series-title":"Online hate and harmful content: cross-national perspectives","author":"Keipi","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350622000348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350622000348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:37:46Z","timestamp":1758501466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350622000348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0033350622000348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gambling and online trading: emerging risks of real-time stock and cryptocurrency trading platforms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.01.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}