{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:10:24Z","timestamp":1790064624552,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T13:31:58Z","timestamp":1741613518000},"page":"146-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19: A systematic scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7160-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha-Linh","family":"Quach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin I.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Ngoc Anh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9206-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Norman Leslie","family":"Terrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.11.007","article-title":"Do we need a contact tracing app?","volume":"166","author":"Maccari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e607","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30184-9","article-title":"Automated and partly automated contact tracing: a systematic review to inform the control of COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3390\/su13052912","article-title":"Covidtas covid-19 tracing app scale\u2014an evaluation framework","volume":"13","author":"Raman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"677929","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib4","first-page":"94","article-title":"Toward a common performance and effectiveness terminology for digital proximity tracing applications","volume":"3","author":"Lueks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"m2246","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib5","article-title":"Too slow and fundamentally flawed: why test and trace is a weak and inequitable defence against covid-19","volume":"369","author":"Richard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01934-5","article-title":"Exit strategies: optimising feasible surveillance for detection, elimination, and ongoing prevention of COVID-19 community transmission","volume":"19","author":"Lokuge","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib7","author":"Bode"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-020-00164-1","article-title":"Digital technology applications for contact tracing: the new promise for COVID-19 and beyond? Article","volume":"5","author":"Owusu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Health Research and Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27753","article-title":"Best practice guidance for digital contact tracing apps: a cross-disciplinary review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"O'Connell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2021.100072","article-title":"COVID-19 digital contact tracing applications and techniques: a review post initial deployments","volume":"5","author":"Shahroz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transport Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/17538157.2021.1951274","article-title":"The more the merrier! Barriers and facilitators to the general public's use of a COVID-19 contact tracing app in New Zealand","volume":"47","author":"Gasteiger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf Health Soc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2020.20282","article-title":"Digital health and the COVID-19 epidemic: an assessment framework for apps from an epidemiological and legal perspective","volume":"150","author":"Vokinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib13","series-title":"Multidisciplinary Perspectives of Communication in a Pandemic Context","article-title":"Tracking the outbreak and far beyond: how are public authorities using mobile apps to control Covid-19 pandemic","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/25345","article-title":"Challenges for nontechnical implementation of digital proximity tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: media analysis of the SwissCovid app","volume":"9","author":"Von Wyl","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib16","author":"Vaithianathan"},{"issue":"29-30","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib17","article-title":"A research agenda for digital proximity tracing apps","volume":"150","author":"Von Wyl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib18","article-title":"Towards a common performance and effectiveness terminology for digital proximity tracing applications","volume":"3doi","author":"Lueks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27232","article-title":"Analyzing the essential attributes of nationally issued COVID-19 contact tracing apps: open-source intelligence approach and content analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wei\u00df","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e425","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30137-0","article-title":"Digital tools against COVID-19: taxonomy, ethical challenges, and navigation aid","volume":"2","author":"Gasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006762","article-title":"Contact tracing performance during the Ebola epidemic in Liberia, 2014-2015","volume":"12","author":"Swanson","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib22","article-title":"Participatory surveillance based on crowdsourcing during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games using the guardians of health platform: descriptive study","volume":"6","author":"Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib23","volume":"5","author":"Baxter","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib24","article-title":"Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: a rapid review","author":"Anglemyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1011-4","article-title":"Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Budd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib26","series-title":"Indicator Framework for the Evaluation of the Public Health Effectiveness of Digital Proximity Tracing Solutions","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01633-3","article-title":"A systematic review of smartphone applications available for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19) and the assessment of their quality using the mobile application rating scale (MARS)","volume":"44","author":"Davalbhakta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000526672","article-title":"Digital contact tracing applications against COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Nabeel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib29","first-page":"23","article-title":"Factors affecting adoption of digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Yeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Publ Health Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics8030048","article-title":"Digital contact tracing applications during COVID-19: a scoping review about public acceptance","volume":"8","author":"Villius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102995","article-title":"Digital contact tracing, community uptake, and proximity awareness technology to fight COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Grekousis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100647","article-title":"Systematic scoping review of the implementation, adoption, use, and effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19 in the Western Pacific Region","volume":"34","author":"Bannister-Tyrrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health \u2013 Western Pacific"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23250","article-title":"State of the art in adoption of contact tracing apps and recommendations regarding privacy protection and public health: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Kolasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth."},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib34","article-title":"Public health effectiveness of digital contact tracing in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of available data","volume":"92","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed: Atenei Parmensis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-00963-z","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of contact tracing interventions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Pozo-Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00001-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of contact tracing in the control of infectious diseases: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Hossain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib37","first-page":"Cd013699","article-title":"Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: a rapid review","volume":"2020","author":"Anglemyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000149","article-title":"Understanding the impact of digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Burdinski","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Digital Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264433","article-title":"Contact tracing indicators for COVID-19: rapid scoping review and conceptual framework","volume":"17","author":"Vogt","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.660823","article-title":"Digital contact tracing against COVID-19 in Europe: current features and ongoing developments. Original research","volume":"3","author":"Blasimme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/24598","article-title":"The use of digital tools to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic: comparative retrospective study of six countries","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2019.1588072","article-title":"PROSPERO: an international register of systematic review protocols","volume":"38","author":"Schiavo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Ref Serv Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib44","article-title":"PubMed: the bibliographic database","volume":"2","author":"Canese","year":"2013","journal-title":"The NCBI handbook"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5260\/chara.19.2.39","article-title":"ProQuest ebook central","volume":"19","author":"Cooke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Charlest Advis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10778-009-0189-4","article-title":"Scopus: a system for the evaluation of scientific journals","volume":"45","author":"Guz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Appl Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib47","series-title":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc","first-page":"1849","author":"Bae","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/320764.320765","article-title":"The association for computing Machinery","volume":"1","author":"Williams","year":"1954","journal-title":"J ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib50","first-page":"97","article-title":"Google scholar","volume":"94","author":"Vine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.111308","article-title":"Wayback Machine: a tool to capture the evolutionary behavior of the bug reports and their triage process in open-source software systems","volume":"189","author":"Jahanshahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Syst Software"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib54","first-page":"117","article-title":"EndNote X9","volume":"16","author":"Hupe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Electron Resour Med Libr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib55","first-page":"365","article-title":"Factors influencing users' satisfaction when using Ehteraz app: the case of Qatar","volume":"12","author":"Al-Soni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Inf Syst Change Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib57","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib58","article-title":"Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT), version 2018","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib59","article-title":"Early evidence of effectiveness of digital contact tracing for SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland","volume":"150","author":"Marcel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1603992","article-title":"Adherence and association of digital proximity tracing app notifications with earlier time to quarantine: results from the Zurich SARS-CoV-2 cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Ballouz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib61","first-page":"e8","article-title":"WA Notify: the planning and implementation of a Bluetooth exposure notification tool for COVID-19 pandemic response in Washington State","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online Journal of Public Health Information"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3390\/life12091371","article-title":"The impact of digital contact tracing apps overuse on prevention of COVID-19: a normative activation model perspective","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127529","article-title":"\u201cImmuni\u201d and the national health system: lessons learnt from the COVID-19 digital contact tracing in Italy","volume":"19","author":"Ussai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2021-000879","article-title":"Effectiveness of Ehteraz digital contact tracing app versus conventional contact tracing in managing the outbreak of COVID-19 in the State of Qatar","volume":"8","author":"Mohamed Ghaith","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Innovations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib65","first-page":"2369","article-title":"Performance of the Swiss digital contact-tracing app over various SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves: repeated cross-sectional analyses","author":"Daniore","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/38904","article-title":"The Dutch COVID-19 notification app: lessons learned from a mixed methods evaluation among end users and contact-tracing employees","volume":"6","author":"van Gend","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1039\/1\/012060","article-title":"The utilization of \u2018Jogja Pass\u2019 mobile application as an effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in special region of Yogyakarta","volume":"1039","author":"Kusmawati","year":"2022","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci"},{"issue":"35-36","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib68","article-title":"The SwissCovid digital proximity tracing app after one year: were expectations fulfilled?","volume":"151","author":"Daniore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/25859","article-title":"App use and usability of a barcode-based digital platform to augment COVID-19 contact tracing: postpilot survey and paradata analysis","volume":"7","author":"Scherr","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053395","article-title":"Analysis of the factors affecting the adoption and compliance of the NHS COVID-19 mobile application: a national cross-sectional survey in England","volume":"11","author":"Panchal","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221091138","article-title":"Understanding \u2018passivity\u2019in digital health through imaginaries and experiences of coronavirus disease 2019 contact tracing apps","volume":"9","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2021.3097284","article-title":"What users think of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: an analysis of eight European apps","volume":"39","author":"Garousi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib73","series-title":"Sentiment Analysis of Users' Reviews on COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps with a Benchmark Dataset","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/20421338.2022.2043808","article-title":"An analysis of the COVID-19 contact tracing App in South Africa: challenges experienced by users","volume":"15","author":"Albertus","year":"2023","journal-title":"African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35653","article-title":"Individual-level evaluation of the exposure notification cascade in the SwissCovid digital proximity tracing app: observational study","volume":"8","author":"Ballouz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96s","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221110301","article-title":"Engagement in protective behaviors by digital exposure notification users during the COVID-19 pandemic, Washington state, January-June 2021","volume":"137","author":"Baseman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Publ Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01579-7","article-title":"Learnings from the design and acceptance of the German COVID-19 tracing app for IS-driven crisis management: a design science research","volume":"21","author":"Behne","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Inf Decis Making"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27882","article-title":"The Dutch COVID-19 contact tracing app (the CoronaMelder): usability study","volume":"5","author":"Bente","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab093","article-title":"Usability, inclusivity, and content evaluation of COVID-19 contact tracing apps in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Blacklow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inf Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daac059","article-title":"Expert insights on digital contact tracing: interviews with contact tracing policy professionals in New Zealand","volume":"37","author":"Chambers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3022009","article-title":"Stemming the flow: how much can the Australian smartphone app help to control COVID-19? Article","volume":"30","author":"Currie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Research and Practice"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/30004","article-title":"Using Venn diagrams to evaluate digital contact tracing: panel survey analysis","volume":"7","author":"Daniore","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/29085","article-title":"Public adoption of and trust in the NHS COVID-19 contact tracing app in the United Kingdom: quantitative online survey study","volume":"23","author":"Dowthwaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib84","series-title":"Characterizing Human Aspects in Reviews of COVID-19 Apps","author":"Fazzini","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.111136","article-title":"Mining user reviews of COVID contact-tracing apps: an exploratory analysis of nine European apps","volume":"184","author":"Garousi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Syst Software"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2022.102386","article-title":"COVID-19 contact-tracing smartphone application usage-The New Zealand COVID Tracer experience","volume":"46","author":"Howell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Telecommun Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib87","series-title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Bluetooth-Based Decentralized Contact Tracing in Crowds","author":"Hsiao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3555770","article-title":"Users' expectations, experiences, and concerns with COVID alert, an exposure-notification app","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib89","series-title":"2021 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","article-title":"CovTracer-EN: the journey of covid-19 digital contact tracing in Cyprus","author":"Isaia","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life12060871","article-title":"What went wrong with the IMMUNI contact-tracing app in Italy? A cross-sectional survey on the attitudes and experiences among healthcare university students","volume":"12","author":"Isonne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3479868","article-title":"Deciding if and how to use a COVID-19 contact tracing app: influences of social factors on individual use in Japan. Presented at","author":"Jamieson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/faam.12307","article-title":"The UK COVID-19 app: the failed co-production of a digital public service","volume":"38","author":"Polzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Financ Account Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.03.002","article-title":"Effectiveness of COVID-19 digital proximity tracing app in Finland","volume":"28","author":"Rannikko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02529-y","article-title":"Sentiment analysis of user feedback on the HSE's Covid-19 contact tracing app","volume":"191","author":"Rekanar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/31086","article-title":"Pilot evaluations of two Bluetooth contact tracing approaches on a university campus: mixed methods study","volume":"5","author":"Shelby","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115142","article-title":"Mobile health technology as a solution to self-control problems: the behavioral impact of COVID-19 contact tracing apps in Japan","volume":"306","author":"Shoji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463321000175","article-title":"Effectiveness modelling of digital contact-tracing solutions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"74","author":"Shubina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Navigation."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3480465","article-title":"SwissCovid in the perspective of its goals","volume":"3","author":"Vaudenay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00010-X","article-title":"Effectiveness evaluation of digital contact tracing for COVID-19 in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-107061","article-title":"Without a trace: why did corona apps fail?","volume":"47","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/1023263X221116227","article-title":"\u2018I'm right behind you\u2019: digital contact tracing under European law","volume":"29","author":"Raposo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 2022\/08\/01"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3138\/cjc-2022-0055","article-title":"A missed opportunity? Making sense of the low adoption rate of COVID alert, Canada's contact-tracing application","volume":"48","author":"Dumouchel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3192843","article-title":"A privacy-preserving approach to identify COVID-19 infection origins via volunteered share of health data records by mobile users","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib104","article-title":"Acceptability and effectiveness of COVID-19 contact tracing applications: a case study in Saudi Arabia of the Tawakkalna application","volume":"15","author":"Dawood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1199635","article-title":"An open-source digital contact tracing system tailored to haulage. Technology and Code","author":"Muwonge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/13678779231160802","article-title":"Apps, mobilities, and migration in the Covid-19 pandemic: covid technology and the control of migrant workers in Singapore","volume":"26","author":"Goggin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cult Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/49560","article-title":"Combatting SARS-CoV-2 with digital contact tracing and notification: navigating six points of failure","volume":"9","author":"Masel","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/13600869.2021.1999277","article-title":"Contact tracing applications and informational privacy amidst the pandemic in India","volume":"36","author":"Collaco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Rev Law Comput Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib109","series-title":"Contact Tracing Apps for COVID-19: Access Permission and User Adoption","author":"Ali","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40112","article-title":"Contact tracing for COVID-19 in a Swiss canton: analysis of key performance indicators","volume":"153","author":"Heron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14888-x","article-title":"Feasibility of digital contact tracing in low-income settings \u2013 pilot trial for a location-based DCT app","volume":"23","author":"Handmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/39765","article-title":"Implementation of a hardware-assisted bluetooth-based COVID-19 tracking device in a high school: mixed methods study","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/46563","article-title":"Implementing and maintaining a SARS-CoV-2 exposure notification application for mobile phones: the Finnish experience","volume":"9","author":"Pihlajam\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib114","first-page":"117","article-title":"National approaches for citizen data management in response to COVID-19: an overview and implications of contact tracing apps in 21 countries","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf Polity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib115","article-title":"Not only for contact tracing: use of Belgium's contact tracing app among young adults","author":"Ayalon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2021.3066024","article-title":"Privacy in the time of COVID-19: divergent paths for contact tracing and route-disclosure mechanisms in South Korea","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Security & Privacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2022.100266","article-title":"Semi-automated contact tracing and management of contact precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic within a tertiary hospital","volume":"5","author":"Bechmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection prevention in practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2023.100087","article-title":"Socioeconomic disadvantage and engagement with digital contact tracing for COVID-19 in Western Sydney: a secondary analysis of surveillance data","volume":"47","author":"Silberberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib119","series-title":"Presented at: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Big Data Engineering","article-title":"Understanding accessibility issues in China's contact tracing systems during the COVID-19 pandemic for visually impaired people","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/20501579221078674","article-title":"Where horizontal and vertical surveillances meet: sense-making of US COVID-19 contact-tracing apps during a health crisis","volume":"10","author":"Baik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mobile Media & Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.122217","article-title":"Antecedent, behaviour, and consequence (a-b-c) of deploying the contact tracing app in response to COVID-19: evidence from Europe","volume":"187","author":"Dzandu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib122","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy","article-title":"Contact tracing made un-relay-able","author":"Casagrande","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib123","series-title":"Presented at: 2023 8th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR)","article-title":"Implementation and familiarity covid-19 contact tracing application in Japan and Indonesia","author":"Rahadianto","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605812","article-title":"Interplay of digital proximity app use and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake in Switzerland: analysis of two population-based Cohort studies","volume":"68","author":"Daniore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23699","article-title":"The effects of downloading a government-issued COVID-19 contact tracing app on psychological distress during the pandemic among employed adults: prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Kawakami","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30457-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of isolation, testing, contact tracing, and physical distancing on reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different settings: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"20","author":"Kucharski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib127","author":"Hinch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib128","series-title":"Conference Paper Presented at: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2020","article-title":"DYVIC: DYnamic VIrus control in Peru","author":"Lossio-Ventura","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1802358","article-title":"Information Technology and the pandemic: a preliminary multinational analysis of the impact of mobile tracking technology on the COVID-19 contagion control","volume":"29","author":"Urbaczewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Inf Syst"},{"issue":"178","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2020.1000","article-title":"Effect of manual and digital contact tracing on COVID-19 outbreaks: a study on empirical contact data","volume":"18","author":"Barrat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8184","article-title":"A data-driven simulation of the exposure notification cascade for digital contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2 in Zurich, Switzerland","volume":"4","author":"Menges","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/28947","article-title":"Evaluating epidemiological risk by using open contact tracing data: correlational study","volume":"23","author":"Piotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7863","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03606-z","article-title":"The epidemiological impact of the NHS COVID-19 app","volume":"594","author":"Wymant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-022-00632-w","article-title":"The epidemiological impact of the Canadian COVID Alert App","volume":"113","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd8750","article-title":"Anatomy of digital contact tracing: role of age, transmission setting, adoption, and case detection","volume":"7","author":"Moreno L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"586615","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib136","article-title":"Benefits of mobile contact tracing on COVID-19: tracing capacity perspectives. Note","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/40233","article-title":"Effectiveness, policy, and user acceptance of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: experience and comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveillance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79000-y","article-title":"Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model","volume":"10","author":"Almagor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib139","series-title":"An Epidemiological Model for Contact Tracing with the Dutch CoronaMelder App","author":"Boncz","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21809-w","article-title":"Digital proximity tracing on empirical contact networks for pandemic control","volume":"12","author":"Cencetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256151","article-title":"Modeling the effects of contact-tracing apps on the spread of the coronavirus disease: mechanisms, conditions, and efficiency","volume":"16","author":"Chiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114318","article-title":"The German COVID-19 digital contact tracing app: a socioeconomic evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Ellmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26144-8","article-title":"Nationwide rollout reveals efficacy of epidemic control through digital contact tracing","volume":"12","author":"Elmokashfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6491","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6936","article-title":"Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing","volume":"368","author":"Ferretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib145","article-title":"A survey on MCT vs. DCT: who is the winner in COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Khattab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib146","article-title":"Effectiveness of COCOA, a COVID-19 contact notification application","author":"Junko","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRvix"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib147","series-title":"Effectiveness of Digital Contact-Tracing Applications on COVID-19 Pandemic","author":"Leyywenhage","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib148","series-title":"Presented at: 2021 5th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF)","article-title":"Estimating the effect of COVID-19 contact tracing application using agent-based simulation","author":"Murata","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/22098","article-title":"Evaluation of the design and implementation of a peer-to-peer covid-19 contact tracing mobile app (COCOA) in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.06.027","article-title":"Universal shelter-in-place versus advanced automated contact tracing and targeted isolation: a case for 21st-century technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics","volume":"95","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.20965\/jaciii.2021.p0931","article-title":"Effectiveness of the COVID-19 contact-confirming application (COCOA) based on a multi agent simulation","volume":"25","author":"Omae","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Comput Intell Intell Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/dqac002","article-title":"Potential reduction in transmission of COVID-19 by digital contact tracing systems: a modelling study","volume":"39","author":"Plank","year":"2022","journal-title":"Math Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-021-00290-x","article-title":"The impact of digital contact tracing on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic\u2014a comprehensive modelling study","volume":"10","author":"Pollmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"EPJ Data Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib154","series-title":"Early Epidemiological Evidence of Public Health Value of WA Notify, a Smartphone-Based Exposure Notification Tool: Modeling COVID-19 Cases Averted in Washington State","author":"Courtney","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93538-5","article-title":"COVID-19 mitigation by digital contact tracing and contact prevention (app-based social exposure warnings)","volume":"11","author":"Soldano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/25701","article-title":"Drivers of acceptance of COVID-19 proximity tracing apps in Switzerland: panel survey analysis","volume":"7","author":"von Wyl","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib157","series-title":"Presented at: 2022 9th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)","article-title":"Analysis of smart tools and technology for managing COVID-19: a case study of Saudi Arabia","author":"Awan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib158","series-title":"Presented at: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","article-title":"Blockchain and fog access point integrated healthcare system for contact tracing and infection probability evaluation","author":"Singh","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib159","first-page":"1","article-title":"Future prediction of close contacts in IoT-based contact tracing system using a new real-life dataset","author":"Gendy","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42518-6","article-title":"Individual level analysis of digital proximity tracing for COVID-19 in Belgium highlights major bottlenecks","volume":"14","author":"Geenen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib161","first-page":"1","article-title":"Privacy-preserving contact tracing for curbing the spread of infectious disease","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Database Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3530774","article-title":"Quantifying the effects of contact tracing, testing, and containment measures in the presence of infection hotspots","volume":"8","author":"Lorch","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib163","series-title":"Presented at: Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy","article-title":"Quantifying the risk of wormhole attacks on Bluetooth contact tracing","author":"Czybik","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib164","first-page":"6506","article-title":"SIR model-based verification of effect of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) on reducing infectors in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Omae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Math Biosci Eng : MBE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib165","article-title":"Smart Iot scanner for covid-19 contact tracing","volume":"17","author":"Afiq","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eng Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17150-0","article-title":"Use of a digital contact tracing system in Singapore to mitigate COVID-19 spread","volume":"23","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-01045-4","article-title":"Use of temporal contact graphs to understand the evolution of COVID-19 through contact tracing data","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23148","article-title":"Performance of digital contact tracing tools for COVID-19 response in Singapore: Cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib169","series-title":"Conference Paper Presented at: International Conference on Information Networking","article-title":"Cross hashing: anonymizing encounters in decentralised contact tracing protocols","author":"Ali","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3448088","article-title":"Modelling memory for individual Re-identification in decentralised mobile contact tracing applications","volume":"5","author":"Bedogni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13814","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050193","article-title":"IWorksafe: towards healthy workplaces during COVID-19 with an intelligent phealth app for industrial settings","volume":"9","author":"Shamim Kaiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib172","article-title":"The first GAEN-based COVID-19 contact tracing app in Norway identifies 80% of close contacts in \"real life\" scenarios","volume":"3","author":"Meijerink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontier in Digial Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-09943-x","article-title":"A first look at Android applications in Google Play related to COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Samhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09934-4","article-title":"A privacy and security analysis of early-deployed COVID-19 contact tracing Android apps","volume":"26","author":"Hatamian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.14704\/WEB\/V18I1\/WEB18093","article-title":"A study on contact tracing apps for covid-19: privacy and security perspective","volume":"18","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Webology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2020.100307","article-title":"Applicability of mobile contact tracing in fighting pandemic (COVID-19): issues, challenges and solutions","volume":"38","author":"Dar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computer science review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib177","series-title":"Security Analysis of the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Specifications by Apple Inc","first-page":"428","author":"Gvili","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib178","article-title":"How reliable is smartphone-based electronic contact tracing for COVID-19? presented at","volume":"2021","author":"Kindt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.24989\/ocg.v341.25","article-title":"COVID-19 digital contact tracing between privacy issues and Co-production \u2013 why some have worked and some haven't","volume":"341","author":"Kudo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib180","series-title":"Conference Paper Presented at: International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction","article-title":"First eyetracking results of Dutch CoronaMelder contact tracing and notification app","author":"van \u2019t Klooster","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib181","series-title":"2022 IEEE International Conference on E-Health Networking, Application & Services (HealthCom)","article-title":"ShareTrace: contact tracing with the actor model","author":"Tatton","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2023.20","article-title":"Assessing the governance of digital contact tracing in response to COVID-19: results of a multi-national study","volume":"50","author":"Hutler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2023.3323747","article-title":"BLE-based contact tracing: characterization of distance estimation errors and mitigation options","volume":"22","author":"Nu\u00dfbaumm\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2021.101474","article-title":"Feature selection for proximity estimation in COVID-19 contact tracing apps based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)","volume":"77","author":"Madoery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/48714","article-title":"Personal information protection and privacy policy compliance of health code apps in China: scale development and content analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1049\/ise2.12070","article-title":"Secure contact tracing platform from simplest private set intersection cardinality","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Inf Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134577","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010226","article-title":"A survey of COVID-19 contact tracing apps","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1478-3975\/abac51","article-title":"Efficiency of COVID-19 mobile contact tracing containment by measuring time-dependent doubling time","volume":"17","author":"Bianconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20817-6","article-title":"A population-based controlled experiment assessing the epidemiological impact of digital contact tracing","volume":"12","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1342-8071","article-title":"The potential for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in sport: a cricket case study","volume":"42","author":"England","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib191","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a taxonomy for evaluating societal concerns of contact tracing apps","author":"Welsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE ASME J Microelectromech Syst"},{"issue":"w20282","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019_bib192","first-page":"19","article-title":"Digital health and the COVID-19 epidemic: an assessment framework for apps from an epidemiological and legal perspective","volume":"150","author":"Vokinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350625000927?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350625000927?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T02:42:11Z","timestamp":1757644931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350625000927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":187,"alternative-id":["S0033350625000927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19: A systematic scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.02.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}