{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:24:01Z","timestamp":1770348241484,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024878","name":"National Institute of Economic and Social Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024878","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031278","name":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013998","name":"Greater London Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013998","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002141","name":"Public Health England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR206123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T19:09:39Z","timestamp":1754680179000},"page":"105899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between increasing levels of gambling harm and emotional health outcomes for individuals who are below the threshold of disordered gambling: A secondary analysis of health data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5568-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Tipping","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib2","series-title":"High Stakes Gambling: Gambling Reform for the Digital Age","year":"2023"},{"issue":"Issue 2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib3","article-title":"Prevention paradox logic and problem gambling: does low-risk gambling impose a greater burden of harm than high-risk gambling?","volume":"6","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00018","article-title":"The prevention paradox applies to some but not all gambling harms: results from a Finnish population-representative survey","volume":"9","author":"Browne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072518794016","article-title":"The total consumption model applied to gambling: empirical validity and implications for gambling policy","volume":"36","author":"Rossow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib6","article-title":"Gambling consumption and harm: a systematic review of the evidence","author":"Kesaite","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction Res Theor"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13178","article-title":"The relationship between player losses and gambling\u2010related harm: evidence from nationally representative cross\u2010sectional surveys in four countries","volume":"111","author":"Markham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15507","article-title":"The shape of gambling risk-curves for frequency, expenditure and proportion of income in Australia","volume":"116","author":"Greenwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib9","series-title":"Gambling Behaviour in England and Scotland: Findings from the Health Survey for England 2012 and Scottish Health Survey 2012","author":"Wardle","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib10","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between physical and mental health conditions and gambling in England and Scotland","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Report prepared for Gambling Research Exchange (GREO), Guelph, Ontario, Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10337-3","article-title":"Is there a health inequality in gambling related harms? A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Raybould","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63","article-title":"The warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation","volume":"5","author":"Tennant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib16","series-title":"A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire","article-title":"General health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) APA PsycTests","author":"Goldberg","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib17","unstructured":"See https:\/\/support.gl-education.com\/knowledge-base\/assessments\/general-health-questionnaire-support\/about-the-general-health-questionnaire\/faqs for more information on the alternative scales."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib18","series-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.023","article-title":"The extent and distribution of gambling-related harms and the prevention paradox in a British population survey","volume":"5","author":"Canale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib20","first-page":"274","article-title":"Associations between the warwick-edinburgh mental well-being scale and psychological distress","volume":"226","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib21","first-page":"73","article-title":"Mental well-being, psychological health, and the use of the WEMWBS in clinical populations","volume":"16","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib22","first-page":"152","article-title":"The general health questionnaire and depression in clinical populations","volume":"129","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib23","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the GHQ-12 in a clinical population","volume":"68","author":"Golder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.41","article-title":"Prevalence of gambling-related harm provides evidence for the prevention paradox","volume":"7","author":"Browne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib25","series-title":"The Stigma of Problem Gambling: Causes, Characteristics and Consequences","author":"Hing","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e5kan Wall, Olof Molander, Virve Marionneau et al. Help-seeking and help expectations for gambling problems at different severity levels, 02 April 2025, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6112600\/v1].","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-025-00853-7"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350625003452?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350625003452?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T01:07:14Z","timestamp":1762218434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350625003452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0033350625003452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between increasing levels of gambling harm and emotional health outcomes for individuals who are below the threshold of disordered gambling: A secondary analysis of health data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105899","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105899"}}