{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:10:04Z","timestamp":1790831404527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025SWGKY525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SWGKY525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24BZZ090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24BZZ090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T04:21:02Z","timestamp":1762489262000},"page":"106040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of discriminatory attitudes against HIV patients and influencing factors among medical staff: A cross-sectional study from China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1815-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7129-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8320-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaona","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib1","series-title":"Global HIV & AIDS Statistics \u2014 Fact Sheet","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e831","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30196-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2017","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1769833","article-title":"Stigma in hospital: an examination of beliefs and attitudes towards HIV\/AIDS patients, istanbul","volume":"32","author":"Koseoglu Ornek","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2019.31.3.206","article-title":"Understanding the social influences on engaging key populations with HIV prevention: a qualitative study with men who have sex with men in three Indonesian cities","volume":"31","author":"Lazuardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24423","article-title":"HIV- related knowledge, attitude, practices, and stigma among healthcare providers caring for HIV in Jordan: identification of several organizational challenges","volume":"10","author":"Saad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13585","article-title":"HIV and stigma in the healthcare setting","volume":"26","author":"Yuvaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1178974","article-title":"The relationships between HIV stigma, emotional status, and emotional regulation among HIV-Affected children in rural China","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.01.006","article-title":"Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV\/AIDS in cape town, South Africa","volume":"64","author":"Simbayi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2004.9724838","article-title":"Stigma, discrimination and the implications for people living with HIV\/AIDS in South Africa","volume":"1","author":"Skinner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sahara J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11311-9","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare providers in Western China: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120801919394","article-title":"Institutional support for HIV\/AIDS care in China: a multilevel analysis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib15","series-title":"Cultural Differences and the Practice of Sexual Medicine: A Guide for Sexual Health Practitioners","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1338654","article-title":"Measuring HIV-Related stigma among healthcare providers: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Alexandra Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0114","article-title":"HIV-related stigma by healthcare providers in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Geter","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1451-5","article-title":"How does stigma affect people living with HIV? The mediating roles of internalized and anticipated HIV stigma in the effects of perceived community stigma on health and psychosocial outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Turan","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0219","article-title":"HIV-Related stigma in health care settings: a survey of service providers in China","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-023-00491-2","article-title":"Discrimination against HIV\/AIDS patients and associated factors among women in East African countries: using the Most recent DHS data (2015-2022)","volume":"43","author":"Terefe","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib21","author":"Trevor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib22","series-title":"Measuring HIV Stigma and Discrimination Among Health Facility Staff: Standardized Brief Questionnaire","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.14.2.172.23902","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the brief HIV knowledge questionnaire","volume":"14","author":"Carey","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5654-8","article-title":"HIV-related stigma and discrimination amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2068-8","article-title":"An investigation of stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV\/AIDS by doctors and nurses in Vientiane, Lao PDR","volume":"17","author":"Vorasane","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2019.05.001","article-title":"Nurses knowledge, attitudes and practices towards patients with HIV and AIDS in Kumasi, Ghana","volume":"11","author":"Boakye","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.625787","article-title":"HIV Stigma and discrimination: perspectives and personal experiences of healthcare providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Fauk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109953","article-title":"Reducing stigma towards people living with HIV and people who inject drugs using social norms theory: an online study with Australian health care workers","volume":"249","author":"Broady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91263-x","article-title":"Stigma toward people living with HIV among healthcare providers in midwifery hospitals in Shenzhen, China from 2020 to 2023","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S456850","article-title":"Exploring Stigma experience and coping strategies among women living with HIV\/AIDS in China: a phenomenological Study","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PRBM"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000237","article-title":"A review of the State of the science of HIV and stigma: context, conceptualization, measurement, interventions, gaps, and future priorities","volume":"32","author":"Relf","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118072","article-title":"Efficacy of a culturally tailored intervention on perceived stigma among women living with HIV\/AIDS in China: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"374","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03470-y","article-title":"Patient and provider perspectives on HIV stigma in healthcare settings in underserved areas of the US south: a mixed methods Study","volume":"26","author":"Crockett","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib35","article-title":"HIV related stigma among healthcare providers: opportunities for education and training","volume":"21","author":"Spence","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Phys AIDS Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib36","first-page":"292","article-title":"Stigmatized attitude of healthcare providers: a barrier for delivering health services to HIV positive patients","volume":"3","author":"Zarei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inter J Com Based Nursing Midwif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S489989","article-title":"The relationship between HIV\/AIDS knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV\/AIDS: an educational intervention study","volume":"17","author":"Yap\u0131c\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMHP"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-014-0160-3","article-title":"Stigma against HIV\/AIDS among female sex workers and general migrant women in eastern China","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105940","article-title":"Changes in HIV knowledge and its determinants in low- and middle-income countries: a longitudinal study","volume":"248","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2017.1325755","article-title":"HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in two referral hospitals in Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Wodajo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr J AIDS Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01414-6","article-title":"Validation of the attitudes towards people living with HIV\/AIDS scale in nursing students","volume":"22","author":"G\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib42","first-page":"163","article-title":"HIV-Related stigma among healthcare providers in different healthcare settings: a cross-sectional study in Kerman, Iran","volume":"9","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Health Pol Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0114","article-title":"HIV-related stigma by healthcare providers in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Geter","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70039","article-title":"Knowledge and HIV \u2010related stigma among Portuguese healthcare professionals: a cross\u2010sectional analysis","volume":"26","author":"Cota Medeiros","year":"2025","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.jfcm_136_22","article-title":"Stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV\/AIDS: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers in the primary healthcare centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 2022","volume":"29","author":"Alharbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib46","article-title":"Physicians and AIDS care: does knowledge influence their attitude and comfort in rendering care?","volume":"14","author":"Adetoyeje","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30309-X","article-title":"Stigma reduction: an essential ingredient to ending AIDS by 2030","volume":"8","author":"Nyblade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib48","series-title":"Destigmatisation of People Living with HIV\/AIDS in China","first-page":"75","article-title":"Impact of stigmatisation and the destigmatisation of people living with HIV\/AIDS","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440070085010","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes of hospital-based physicians and trainees about HIV infection in the United States, Canada, India, and Thailand","volume":"156","author":"Brachman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03068-w","article-title":"Psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: mediating roles of institutional support and resilience","volume":"25","author":"Tam","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.07.007","article-title":"A grounded theory study of HIV-related stigma in U.S.-based health care settings","volume":"28","author":"Davtyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020636","article-title":"HIV stigma and moral judgement: qualitative exploration of the experiences of HIV stigma and discrimination among married men living with HIV in yogyakarta","volume":"17","author":"Mahamboro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib53","first-page":"134","article-title":"Occupational exposure investigation and protective measures in a tertiary infectious disease hospital","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2020.20.01.005","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV stigma and discrimination among healthcare workers in Oman","volume":"20","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09676-1","article-title":"Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by health care providers in Egypt","volume":"23","author":"Aziz","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000318","article-title":"Health care worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in HIV clinics in Guangxi, China: a cross-sectional analysis of risk and protective factors","volume":"33","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003335062500486X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003335062500486X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1784178612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003335062500486X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S003335062500486X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of discriminatory attitudes against HIV patients and influencing factors among medical staff: A cross-sectional study from China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.106040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106040"}}