{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:37:21Z","timestamp":1789853841158,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004846","name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-HXFZJJ-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-HXFZJJ-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:02:40Z","timestamp":1779692560000},"page":"106342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Online antibiotic purchase in mainland China: A cross-sectional Simulated Patient study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3376-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoti","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8007-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingling","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-1177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Lott","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlin","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2022-012574","article-title":"Antibiotics online: digital pharmacy marketplaces and pastiche medicine","volume":"49","author":"Lyall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Humanit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2024-017072","article-title":"Assessing quality of direct-to-consumer telemedicine in China: a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardised patients","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.10.016","article-title":"Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment","volume":"110","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"10325","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.289435","article-title":"Sales of antibiotics without a prescription in pharmacies, 2017 and 2021, China","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","article-title":"Implementing an antibiotic Stewardship Program: guidelines by the infectious diseases Society of America and the society for healthcare epidemiology of America","volume":"62","author":"Barlam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib7","series-title":"Proposals for EU Guidelines on the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Humans","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-020-00517-9","article-title":"The use of non-prescribed antibiotics; prevalence estimates in low-and-middle-income countries. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106473","article-title":"European regulations on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine","volume":"189","author":"Schmerold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmaceut Sci"},{"issue":"10369","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","article-title":"Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"400","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00038-1","article-title":"The emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis during the COVID-19 surge in China","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib13","first-page":"2355","article-title":"Research on quality assessment of primary health care based on anonymous standardized patient method and pediatric diarrhea cases","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Prev Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz078","article-title":"How to do (or not to do) \u2026 using the standardized patient method to measure clinical quality of care in LMIC health facilities","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Pol Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2109-3","article-title":"Household antimicrobial self-medication: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the burden, risk factors and outcomes in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Ocan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024856","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the use of antimicrobials following common infections by rural residents in Anhui, China","volume":"9","author":"Chai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30324-X","article-title":"Assessment of non-prescription antibiotic dispensing at community pharmacies in China with simulated clients: a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350626002118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350626002118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:36:22Z","timestamp":1785850582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350626002118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S0033350626002118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Online antibiotic purchase in mainland China: A cross-sectional Simulated Patient study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106342","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106342"}}