{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:01:45Z","timestamp":1785852105534,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:14:21Z","timestamp":1781705661000},"page":"106366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity: An explainable AI approach using the ICAD database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7901-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5496-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3048-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.222","article-title":"Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Reilly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12334","article-title":"Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Simmonds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010112","article-title":"Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"365","author":"Juonala","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.10.2039","article-title":"Insulin resistance during puberty: results from clamp studies in 357 children","volume":"48","author":"Moran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq272","article-title":"Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis","volume":"40","author":"Dumith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391514","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults","volume":"339","author":"Berenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.05.001","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic, socioeconomic, and behavioral determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: analyzing independent and joint associations","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.35","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990\u20132005","volume":"16","author":"Shrewsbury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.01.055","article-title":"Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth","volume":"146","author":"Strong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-7-40","article-title":"Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth","volume":"7","author":"Janssen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-8","article-title":"Multilevel predictors of adolescent physical activity: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"9","author":"Hearst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000106174.43932.92","article-title":"Physical activity levels and patterns of 9-and 15-yr-old European children","volume":"36","author":"Riddoch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00033.x","article-title":"The importance of physical activity in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood: a review and an opinion","volume":"2","author":"Steinbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.42","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and obesity in a large cohort of children","volume":"17","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr068","article-title":"Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in European adolescents: the HELENA study","volume":"174","author":"Ruiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.15195\/v6.a4","article-title":"Best practices for estimating, interpreting, and presenting nonlinear interaction effects","volume":"6","author":"Mize","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sociological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2003.09.006","article-title":"Advanced statistics: linear regression, part II: multiple linear regression","volume":"11","author":"Marill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib20","first-page":"4765","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib21","series-title":"2018 World Symposium on Digital Intelligence for Systems and Machines (DISA)","first-page":"55","article-title":"From machine learning to explainable AI","author":"Holzinger","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib22","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"5491","article-title":"Problems with shapley-value-based explanations as feature importance measures","author":"Kumar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X113430","article-title":"Sparse principal component analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-485","article-title":"International children's accelerometry database (ICAD): design and methods","volume":"11","author":"Sherar","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib25","article-title":"CatBoost: unbiased boosting with categorical features","volume":"31","author":"Prokhorenkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib27","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Acm Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","first-page":"785","article-title":"Xgboost: a scalable tree boosting system","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib28","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib29","article-title":"Pytorch: an imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","volume":"32","author":"Paszke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366","article-title":"Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031049","article-title":"Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents","volume":"350","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1349","article-title":"The committee on nutrition. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood","volume":"122","author":"Daniels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366_bib33","article-title":"More days, greater health: associations between daily MVPA and cardiometabolic risk in youth. Epidemiology","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biostatistics, and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350626002350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350626002350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:37:22Z","timestamp":1785850642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350626002350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0033350626002350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity: An explainable AI approach using the ICAD database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2026.106366","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106366"}}