{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:16Z","timestamp":1785369616787,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2108\/UN6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2108\/UN6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["O\/TU.00\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["O\/TU.00\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health in Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:05:01Z","timestamp":1778051101000},"page":"100793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Interventions to address improper disposal practices of unused and expired household medications: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5419-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofa D.","family":"Alfian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qisty A.","family":"Khoiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meliana","family":"Griselda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calista S.F.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisya","family":"Kartadikaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Sweileh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizky","family":"Abdulah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib1","series-title":"The Global Use of Medicines 2024: Outlook to 2028","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315798","article-title":"Household pharmaceutical waste disposal as a global problem\u2014A review","volume":"19","author":"Rogowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexus.2022.100076","article-title":"Pharmaceutical wastewater as emerging contaminants (EC): treatment technologies, impact on environment and human health","volume":"6","author":"Samal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8040196","article-title":"Unused and expired medications disposal practices among the general public in Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"8","author":"Azmi Hassali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09225","article-title":"Toward a cleaner and more sustainable world: a framework to develop and improve waste management through organizations, governments and academia","volume":"8","author":"Anuardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib6","first-page":"71","article-title":"Disposal of unused drugs: knowledge and behavior among people around the world","volume":"vol. 240","author":"Paut Kusturica","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04551","article-title":"Improper disposal practice of unused and expired pharmaceutical products in Indonesian households","volume":"6","author":"Insani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.630434","article-title":"Lack of awareness of the impact of improperly disposed of medications and associated factors: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesian households","volume":"12","author":"Alfian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/jphsr\/rmad043","article-title":"Awareness and beliefs of community pharmacists on disposal of unused and expired household medications in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Alfian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121241290968","article-title":"Pharmacists perspectives on challenges and facilitators in initiating medications take-back program in Indonesia: A qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Alfian","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102020","article-title":"Do pharmacists counsel customers on the disposal of unused or expired household medications? A national survey among 1,596 pharmacists in Indonesia","volume":"32","author":"Alfian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37764","article-title":"Pharmacist-led interventions in addressing improper disposal practices of unused and expired household medication: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Alfian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.12.010","article-title":"A clinical trial of a video intervention targeting opioid disposal after general surgery: a feasibility study","volume":"262","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01166","article-title":"Education increases disposal of unused opioids after total joint arthroplasty: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Nahhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.016","article-title":"Unused opioid analgesics and drug disposal following outpatient dental surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"168","author":"Maughan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1695","article-title":"Effect of drug disposal bag provision on proper disposal of unused opioids by families of pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"173","author":"Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa431","article-title":"Effect of drug disposal kits and fact sheets on elimination of leftover prescription opioids: the DISPOSE multi-arm randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Bicket","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2022.12.022","article-title":"Evaluation of medication disposal behaviors after counseling by a community pharmacist and provision of a home medication disposal kit","volume":"63","author":"Coleman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Pharmaceut. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2022.01.005","article-title":"Effect of a medication disposal pouch versus usual care on post discharge disposal of unused opioids: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Zito","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. PeriAnesthesia Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1431","article-title":"Behavioral intervention and disposal of leftover opioids: a randomized trial","volume":"145","author":"Voepel-Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2022.02.017","article-title":"Effectiveness of environmental health and loss framing on household pharmaceutical take-back schemes","volume":"143","author":"Mitkidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2019.09.002","article-title":"Removing abuse-prone prescription medication from fueling the national opioid crisis through community engagement and surgeon leadership: results of a local drug take-back event","volume":"2","author":"Moustarah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.08.038","article-title":"Leftover drug disposal: customer behavior, pharmacist recommendations, and obstacles to drug take-back box implementation","volume":"118","author":"Ehrhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-017-0834-3","article-title":"Investigating research gaps of pharmaceutical take back events: an analysis of take back program participants' socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic characteristics and the public health benefits of take back programs","volume":"59","author":"Stoddard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00797","article-title":"Designing for motivation, engagement and wellbeing in digital experience","volume":"9","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib27","article-title":"Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes","volume":"2020","author":"Gigu\u00e8re","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00571-0","article-title":"Facilitating change processes in group-based behaviour change interventions in rural African contexts: practical lessons from Ghana","volume":"17","author":"Appiah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz025","article-title":"Who is keeping their unused opioids and why?","volume":"21","author":"Neill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2022.2049423","article-title":"The effect of patient opioid education on opioid use, storage, and disposal patterns","volume":"36","author":"McElyea","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/NOR.0000000000000806","article-title":"The impact of proper opioid disposal education","volume":"40","author":"Aliory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2016.261","article-title":"New perspectives proper disposal of unused household medications: the role of the pharmacist","volume":"31","author":"Athern","year":"2016","journal-title":"Consult. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121241290968","article-title":"Pharmacists perspectives on challenges and facilitators in initiating medications take-back program in Indonesia: a qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Alfian","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-019-0174-1","article-title":"Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra state southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design","volume":"12","author":"Michael","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Policy Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.46663\/ajsmu.v6i2.54-59","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of pharmaceutical waste disposal in community pharmacies of karachi","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09888-5","article-title":"Assessment of practices and awareness regarding the disposal of unwanted pharmaceutical products among community pharmacies: a cross-sectional study in Palestine","volume":"23","author":"Nairat","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062068","article-title":"Knowledge and disposal practice of leftover and expired medicine: a cross-sectional study from nursing and pharmacy students' perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Bashatah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2020.08.004","article-title":"Pharmacy students' knowledge and practices concerning the storing and disposal of household medication in Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alhomoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Teach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2022.19.3.0253","article-title":"Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of proper medication disposal of pharmacy students in centro escolar university - Manila","volume":"19","author":"Gatmaitan","year":"2022","journal-title":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10060145","article-title":"Pharmacy and nursing students' knowledge and practices concerning the disposal of unused and expired medicines in Kosovo","volume":"10","author":"Shuleta-Qehaja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2022.221.573583","article-title":"Unused and expired drug disposal practice and awareness among undergraduate students from pharmacy and other disciplines: bangladesh perspective","volume":"22","author":"Shakib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030787","article-title":"Expired medication: societal, regulatory and ethical aspects of a wasted opportunity","volume":"17","author":"Alnahas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1163\/15718093-bja10051","article-title":"Harmonisation of pharmaceutical take-back systems in the EU","volume":"28","author":"Mitkidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz104","article-title":"Communication of recommendations for the disposal of unused prescription opioid medications by stakeholders in the news media","volume":"20","author":"Petrik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med."}],"container-title":["Public Health in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666535226000728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666535226000728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:31:45Z","timestamp":1785367905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666535226000728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2666535226000728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5352","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interventions to address improper disposal practices of unused and expired household medications: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health in Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100793","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100793"}}