{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:48:35Z","timestamp":1792090115322,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health in Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:37:32Z","timestamp":1781912252000},"page":"100821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-designing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) messages for a social and behaviour change campaign in Kiribati"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8119-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahir","family":"Turk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betero","family":"Buatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berite","family":"Anterea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Faletoese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apenisa","family":"Vaniqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Reiher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"101","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib1","article-title":"Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene: a persistent health burden","volume":"1","author":"Gordon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib3","article-title":"Mortality rates in 2005 for children under the age of 15 years in the Pacific and selected countries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Country Health Information Profiles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib4","series-title":"Country Partnership Strategy: Kiribati, 2010\u20132014","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13011","article-title":"Sustained adoption of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions: systematic review","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib6","series-title":"Social and Behavior Change for Water Security, Sanitation, and Hygiene","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2019.1682127","article-title":"Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviour change research: why an analysis of contingencies of reinforcement is needed","volume":"31","author":"Ginja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib8","series-title":"South Tarawa Sanitation Project","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib9","first-page":"182","article-title":"A rapid assessment and response approach for socially marketed nutrition commodities in Viet Nam","volume":"26","author":"Turk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib10","first-page":"4","article-title":"Using a formative research rapid assessment method to support the development of a HIV\/AIDS antiretroviral therapy communication campaign in Kenya","volume":"1","author":"Turk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1162\/DESI_a_00207","article-title":"Co-design as a process of joint inquiry and imagination","volume":"29","author":"Steen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Des. Issues"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2019.1619810","article-title":"Co-design: from expert- to user-driven ideas in public service design","volume":"21","author":"Trischler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Manag. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-463","article-title":"A rapid assessment and response approach to review and enhance Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilisation for Tuberculosis control in Odisha state, India","volume":"11","author":"Kamineni","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1071\/HE12903","article-title":"Using rapid assessment and response to operationalise physical activity strategic health communication campaigns in Tonga","volume":"24","author":"Turk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Promot. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib15a","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Integrated Approach to Strategic Communication and Condom Social an Integrated Approach to Strategic Communication and Condom Social Marketing to Address the HIV\/AIDS Epidemic in Papua New Guinea","volume":"1","author":"Turk","year":"2017","journal-title":"SF J AIDS HIV Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib15b","first-page":"22","article-title":"Semi-structured Interview: A methodological reflection on the development of a qualitative research instrument in educational studies","volume":"12","author":"Ruslin","year":"2022","journal-title":"IOSR J. Res. Method Educ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib17","series-title":"Applied Qualitative Research Design: a Total Quality Framework Approach","first-page":"111","author":"Roller","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1167\/16.7.15","article-title":"Predicting bias in perceived position using attention field models","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib20","series-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","author":"Strauss","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib21a","series-title":"Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods. Springer Texts in Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-04394-9_72","article-title":"Thematic Analysis","author":"Squires","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib21b","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis","volume":"34","author":"Patton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib22","series-title":"A Hybrid Approach to Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research: Using a Practical Example","author":"Swain","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib23","series-title":"Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000\u20132022: special focus on gender","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib24","series-title":"Menstrual Health Management in Young Girls in Schools in South Tarawa","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib27","article-title":"Household Survey on sewer connections in betio, Bairiki, and bikenibeu. Internal report","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ministry of Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy and ChildFund Kiribati"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib28","series-title":"Menstrual Health Management in Young Girls in Schools in South Tarawa","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib25","series-title":"Household Survey on Sewer Connections in Betio","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821_bib26","series-title":"Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey 2018-19, Survey Findings Report. South Tarawa, Kiribati","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Public Health in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266653522600100X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266653522600100X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:00:21Z","timestamp":1792087221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266653522600100X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S266653522600100X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5352","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-designing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) messages for a social and behaviour change campaign in Kiribati","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health in Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2026.100821","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100821"}}