{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:10:41Z","timestamp":1771625441471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,18]],"date-time":"2010-09-18T08:51:43Z","timestamp":1284799903000},"page":"81-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Combined itraconazole-pentoxifylline treatment promptly reduces lung fibrosis induced by chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tonny W.","family":"Naranjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damaris E.","family":"Lopera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy R.","family":"Diaz-Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhon J.","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Restrepo M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luz E.","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2(9)","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000296","article-title":"Evidence for positive selection in putative virulence factors within the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis species complex","volume":"17","author":"Matute","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-007-9050-7","article-title":"Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: phylogenetic and ecological aspects","volume":"165","author":"Bagagli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02292-2","article-title":"The pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis","volume":"10","author":"Borges-Walmsley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821987000200012","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: a recently proposed classification of its clinical forms","volume":"20","author":"Franco","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2005.07.006","article-title":"Kinetics of cytokines and chemokines gene expression distinguishes Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection from disease","volume":"32","author":"Mamoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-007-9071-2","article-title":"Insights into the pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from transcriptome analysis advances and perspectives","volume":"165","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.2.89","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: an Update","volume":"6","author":"Brummer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219280000241","article-title":"Development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice during infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia","volume":"30","author":"Restrepo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib9","first-page":"CD004967","article-title":"Drugs for treating paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"19","author":"Menezes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1086\/522973","article-title":"An open-label comparative pilot study of oral voriconazole and itraconazole for long-term treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"45","author":"Queiroz-Telles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161001-00003","article-title":"Pharmacology of itraconazole","volume":"61","author":"De Beule","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib12","first-page":"345","article-title":"Antifungal agents and immunomodulators in systemic mycoses","volume":"242","author":"Khan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1086\/377538","article-title":"Residual pulmonary abnormalities in adult patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis: prolonged follow-up after itraconazole therapy","volume":"37","author":"Tob\u00f3n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90474-6","article-title":"Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality","volume":"47","author":"Noel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61553-0","article-title":"Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: inhibitory effects of pentoxifylline on cytokine production by alveolar macrophages","volume":"92","author":"Tong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib16","first-page":"121","article-title":"Steroid-sparing effects of pentoxifylline in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1.321","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of pentoxifylline","volume":"126","author":"Inoue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499916","article-title":"Pentoxifylline inhibits certain constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts","volume":"98","author":"Berman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080302300303","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline on peritoneal fibroblasts and silica-induced peritoneal fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701484","article-title":"Effect of pentoxifylline on the degradation of procollagen type I produced by human hepatic stellate cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1","volume":"122","author":"Romanelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027356412399","article-title":"Effect of pentoxifylline on arachidonic acid metabolism, neutral lipid synthesis and accumulation during induction of the lipocyte phenotype by retinol in murine hepatic stellate cell","volume":"254","author":"Cardoso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2003.12.002","article-title":"L-arginine and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors counteract fibrosis in the Peyronie\u2019s fibrotic plaque and related fibroblast cultures","volume":"9","author":"Valente","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652000000200001","article-title":"Fibrotic sequelae in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: histopathological aspects in BALB\/c mice infected with viable and non-viable propagules","volume":"42","author":"Cock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.424","article-title":"Experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia: measurement of the host local responses","volume":"58","author":"Franco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Tro Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/02681218780000231","article-title":"Experimental murine Paracoccidioidomycosis induced by the inhalation of conidia","volume":"25","author":"McEwen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Med Vev Mycol"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-007-9072-1","article-title":"Pulmonary immune responses induced in BALB\/c mice by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia","volume":"165","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001610038","article-title":"Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stages of experimental Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection","volume":"41","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1194","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone in combination with amphotericin B in experimental murine cerebral cryptococcosis: evidence of neuroexcitatory pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Ostrosky-Zeichner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl. 47","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v5","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken275","article-title":"Pro- and anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-beta in scleroderma","volume":"5","author":"Sgonc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00015","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy","volume":"134","author":"Selman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30562","article-title":"The role of CXC chemokines in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"117","author":"Strieter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.4.317.322","article-title":"Morphological aspects of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in lymph nodes: implications for the prolonged latency of paracoccidioidomycosis?","volume":"38","author":"Restrepo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.828","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1-activated macrophages inhibit transition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells through a mechanism independent of nitric oxide","volume":"71","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21336","article-title":"Granulomatous lung disease occurring during etanercept treatment","volume":"53","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis","volume":"214","author":"Wynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1311OC","article-title":"Changes in clinical and physiologic variables predict survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"168","author":"Collard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9906099","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of a lecithinized superoxide dismutase on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice","volume":"161","author":"Tamagawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(98)00056-3","article-title":"Comparative study on effects of pentoxifylline, prednisolone and colchicine in experimental alveolitis","volume":"20","author":"Entzian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.8.5390","article-title":"TGF-beta and Smad3 signaling link inflammation to chronic fibrogenesis","volume":"175","author":"Bonniaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.4020","article-title":"IL-13 activates a mechanism of tissue fibrosis that is completely TGF-beta independent","volume":"173","author":"Kaviratne","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801599","article-title":"TLR2 is a negative regulator of Th17 cells and tissue pathology in a pulmonary model of fungal infection","volume":"183","author":"Loures","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1467","article-title":"Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human inteleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells","volume":"8","author":"Acosta-Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5811","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.5811","article-title":"Systemic and local characterization of regulatory T cells in a chronic fungal infection in humans","volume":"177","author":"Cavassani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01198-09","article-title":"Toll-Like receptor 4 signaling leads to severe fungal infection associated with enhanced proinflammatory immunity and impaired expansion of regulatory t cells","volume":"78","author":"Loures","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb06294.x","article-title":"Pentoxifylline inhibits the proliferation of human fibroblasts derived from keloid, scleroderma and morphoea skin and their production of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and fibronectin","volume":"123","author":"Berman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80192-5","article-title":"Effect of pentoxifylline on early proliferation and phenotypic modulation of fibrogenic cells in two rat models of liver fibrosis and on cultured hepatic stellate cells","volume":"30","author":"Desmouliere","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.613","article-title":"Early treatment with pentoxifylline reduces lung injury induced by acid aspiration in rats","volume":"127","author":"Pawlik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.29865","article-title":"Pentoxifylline therapy: a new adjunct in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Rajendran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.10.1535","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline, pentifylline and gamma-interferon on proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis of human renal fibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Strutz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05749.x","article-title":"Pentoxifylline prevents pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis by inhibiting interleukin-6 production","volume":"24","author":"Toda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553910001057?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553910001057?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T22:21:40Z","timestamp":1591914100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094553910001057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094553910001057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-5539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-5539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}