{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:57:00Z","timestamp":1774565820564,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T06:33:47Z","timestamp":1390545227000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The impact of drug\u2013drug interactions on pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rocco","family":"Cirac\u00ec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Tirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Scaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.009","article-title":"Development and pathology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Tuder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib2","series-title":"Drug interaction facts","year":"1992"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.017","article-title":"Updated evidence-based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Barst","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/85417","article-title":"CYP3A genetics in drug metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Eichelbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.4.405","article-title":"Implications of cytochrome P450 interactions when prescribing medication for hypertension","volume":"162","author":"Flockhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.8.7.787","article-title":"Role of OATP transporters in the disposition of drugs","volume":"8","author":"Niemi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.029","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.036","article-title":"Prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Badesch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-4-200508160-00009","article-title":"Evaluation and management of the patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"143","author":"Rubin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib10","first-page":"801","article-title":"Current management of primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"15","author":"De Backer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bio Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.031","article-title":"Nitric oxide pathway and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.944603","article-title":"Drug interactions with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0408-z","article-title":"Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil","volume":"64","author":"Burgess","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"23 Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib14","article-title":"Safety of statins: focus on clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions","volume":"109","author":"Bellosta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1562","article-title":"Big endothelin-1 and endothelin-1 plasma levels are correlated with the severity of primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"120","author":"Rubens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib16","series-title":"Tracleer [package insert]","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib17","series-title":"Letairis [package insert]","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2011.e16","article-title":"Bosentan and oral anticoagulants in HIV patients: what we can learn of cases reported so far","volume":"3","author":"Morales-Molina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.09.014","article-title":"Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"25","author":"Gali\u00e8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443150-00003","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist","volume":"43","author":"Dingemanse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4_MeetingAbstracts.256S-b","article-title":"Ambrisentan has no clinically relevant effect in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin","volume":"130","author":"Gerber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib22","series-title":"Volibris, summary of product characteristics","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib23","series-title":"Tracleer, summary of product characteristics","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010362693","article-title":"Effects of multiple doses of ambrisentan on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of digoxin in healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Richards","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.15420\/ECR.2009.5.1.46","article-title":"Drug interactions in pulmonary arterial hypertension and their implications","volume":"5","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.114667","article-title":"The endothelin antagonist bosentan inhibits the canalicular bile salt export pump: a potential mechanism for hepatic adverse reactions","volume":"69","author":"Fattinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1028","article-title":"Ambrisentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who discontinued bosentan or sitaxsentan due to liver function test abnormalities","volume":"135","author":"McGoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.013615","article-title":"Bosentan is a substrate of human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3: inhibition of hepatic uptake as the common mechanism of its interactions with cyclosporin A, rifampicin, and sildenafil","volume":"35","author":"Treiber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34133","article-title":"Interactions of rifamycin SV and rifampin with organic anion uptake systems of human liver","volume":"36","author":"Vavricka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250500136676","article-title":"Effects of fibrates on human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1-, multidrug resistance protein 2- and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport","volume":"35","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100075","article-title":"Inhibitor and inductive effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of bosentan in healthy subjects","volume":"81","author":"Van Giersbergen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270011423662","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"52","author":"Venitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009335870","article-title":"Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic profile of ambrisentan","volume":"49","author":"Richards","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.120","article-title":"Potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between ambrisentan and cyclosporine","volume":"88","author":"Spence","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib35","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/20422#INTERACTIONS last updated on the eMC: 14\/01\/2013; Summary of product characteristics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib36","first-page":"99","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir\/ritonavir","volume":"50","author":"Muirhead Gary","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212799937263","article-title":"Sildenafil plasma concentrations in two HIV patients with pulmonary hypertension treated with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Chinello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00094808","article-title":"Long-term effects of bosentan in patients with HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Degano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.01.010","article-title":"Interaction profile of macitentan, a new non-selective endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, in\u00a0vitro","volume":"701","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-011-9316-3","article-title":"Effect of cyclosporine and rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of macitentan, a tissue-targeting dual endothelin receptor antagonist","volume":"14","author":"Bruderer","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0063-8","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of macitentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in healthy subjects","volume":"52","author":"Atsmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209655","article-title":"PATENT-1 Study Group. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"369","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib43","series-title":"Highlights of prescribing information","year":"2013"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010378119","article-title":"Riociguat (BAY 63-2521) and warfarin: a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction study","volume":"51","author":"Frey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib45","first-page":"707","article-title":"Evolving epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"186","author":"Thenappan","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJRCCM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3241","article-title":"Comorbid conditions and outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a reveal registry analysis","volume":"144","author":"Poms","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jppr2003334323","article-title":"Deprescribing: achieving better health outcomes for older people through reducing medications","volume":"33","author":"Woodward","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Pract Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.01.006","article-title":"Deprescribing trials: methods to reduce polypharmacy and the impact on prescribing and clinical outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Gnjidic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Geriatric Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04188.x","article-title":"Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity: an approach for clinicians","volume":"60","author":"American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553914000169?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553914000169?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T21:27:52Z","timestamp":1761082072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094553914000169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094553914000169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-5539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-5539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of drug\u2013drug interactions on pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}