{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:00:05Z","timestamp":1761166805120,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T11:31:30Z","timestamp":1672659090000},"page":"102186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of beta blockers on resting respiratory rate in older adults: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Nagamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16598","article-title":"Association of \u03b2-blocker use with heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT trial","volume":"2","author":"Silverman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060110","article-title":"Re-examining the efficacy of \u03b2-blockers for the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp08X376195","article-title":"Trends and inequities in beta-blocker prescribing for heart failure","volume":"58","author":"Shah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.623","article-title":"National use and effectiveness of beta-blockers for the treatment of elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: national Cooperative Cardiovascular Project","volume":"280","author":"Krumholz","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31071-1","article-title":"Heart failure","volume":"390","author":"Metra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000375","article-title":"Management of heart failure in the elderly","volume":"32","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi115","article-title":"SENIORS Investigators, Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS)","volume":"26","author":"Flather","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.10.010","article-title":"Beta-blocker therapy in heart failure in the elderly","volume":"125","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.05.017","article-title":"A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of beta-blockers on arterial stiffness, peripheral blood pressure and heart rate","volume":"218","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90159-1","article-title":"Central origin of respiratory arrest in beta-blocker intoxication in rats","volume":"89","author":"Langemeijer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1985.tb00057.x","article-title":"Respiratory arrest as main determinant of toxicity due to overdose with different beta-blockers in rats","volume":"57","author":"Langemeijer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719601500204","article-title":"Reduced survival after isoprenaline\/dopamine in d,l-propranolol intoxicated rats","volume":"15","author":"Toet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2017.11.001","article-title":"A 42-year-old woman with a beta blocker overdose","volume":"37","author":"McLean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Air Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.41.1.99","article-title":"Effects of propranolol and metoprolol on haemodynamic and respiratory indices and on perceived exertion during exercise in hypertensive patients","volume":"41","author":"van Herwaarden","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.10.1169","article-title":"The effects of alpha and beta blockade on ventilatory responses to exercise in chronic heart failure","volume":"89","author":"Witte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038","article-title":"European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: section 1. Executive summary","volume":"95","author":"Monsieurs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.09.018","article-title":"Make vital signs great again - a call for action","volume":"45","author":"Kellett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03258.x","article-title":"Effect of introducing the Modified Early Warning score on clinical outcomes, cardio-pulmonary arrests and intensive care utilisation in acute medical admissions","volume":"58","author":"Subbe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199305000-00013","article-title":"Verification of the acute Physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring system in a Hong Kong intensive care unit","volume":"21","author":"Oh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib22","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"56","author":"British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1067\/mhl.2002.124554","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the NYHA classes for measuring research outcomes in patients with cardiac disease","volume":"31","author":"Bennett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib24","first-page":"5","article-title":"CSU pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"11","author":"Shalansky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Therapeut. Newsl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.05.006","article-title":"The effects of long-term beta-blockade on the ventilatory responses to exercise in chronic heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Witte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659709043366","article-title":"Characterization of fatal beta blocker ingestion: a review of the American Association of Poison Control Centers data from 1985 to 1995","volume":"35","author":"Love","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13231","article-title":"Clinical toxicology of beta-blocker overdose in adults","volume":"125","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib28","first-page":"308","article-title":"Intoxication with beta-sympathicolytics","volume":"40","author":"Langemeijer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90159-1","article-title":"Central origin of respiratory arrest in beta-blocker intoxication in rats","volume":"89","author":"Langemeijer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"year":"1990","series-title":"ARI Program for Control of Acute Respiratory Infections","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib30"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib31","first-page":"37","article-title":"How to measure the pulse","volume":"26","author":"Pickering","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","article-title":"Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7295.1167","article-title":"ABC of hypertension: blood pressure measurement. Part IV-automated sphygmomanometry: self blood pressure measurement","volume":"322","author":"O'Brien","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7285.531","article-title":"Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension","volume":"322","author":"O'Brien","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7292.981","article-title":"ABC of hypertension. Blood pressure measurement. Part I-sphygmomanometry: factors common to all techniques","volume":"322","author":"Beevers","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)00413-9","article-title":"\u03b2-blockers for mild to moderate heart failure","volume":"353","author":"Krumholz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chron. Dis."},{"year":"2016","series-title":"For the Elderly, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Long-Term Care Insurance System of Japan","author":"Health and Welfare Bureau","key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib38"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib39","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, NHIS - adult tobacco use - glossary, (n.d.). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/tobacco\/tobacco_glossary.htm (accessed November 26, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219898","article-title":"Inappropriate prescribing defined by STOPP and START criteria and its association with adverse drug events among hospitalized older patients: a multicentre, prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Fahrni","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib41","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Long-term care insurance in Japan, (n.d.). https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/topics\/elderly\/care\/(accessed November 26, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.20.0037","article-title":"Long-term care system in Japan","volume":"24","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05061-z","article-title":"Combined healthy lifestyle behaviors and disability-free survival: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 study","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01404-2","article-title":"Mobility performance among healthy older adults eligible for long-term care in Japan: a prospective observational study","volume":"32","author":"Otsuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045409","article-title":"Altered hemodynamics and end-organ damage in heart failure: impact on the lung and kidney","volume":"142","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.12.012","article-title":"Respiratory disease and lower pulmonary function as risk factors for dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Russ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.023","article-title":"Opioid-induced respiratory depression in humans: a review of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of reversal","volume":"122","author":"Algera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.2.179","article-title":"Respiratory and sedative effects of triazolam in volunteers","volume":"56","author":"Longbottom","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12485","article-title":"Relationship between pulmonary function and physical performance among community-living people: results from Look-up 7+ study","volume":"11","author":"Landi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx564","article-title":"Beta-blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group, Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials","volume":"39","author":"Cleland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000249685.58370.28","article-title":"How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Bradley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67573-3","article-title":"Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis","volume":"366","author":"Lindholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib53","article-title":"Beta-blocker therapy and risk of vascular dementia: a population-based prospective study","volume":"125\u2013126","author":"Holm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2122","article-title":"Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Scheer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.002","article-title":"Task ForceOn beta-blockers of the European society of cardiology, expert consensus document on beta-adrenergic receptor blockers","volume":"25","author":"L\u00f3pez-Send\u00f3n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74356-7","article-title":"The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II","volume":"353","author":"Drummond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.01.039","article-title":"Misconceptions and facts about beta-blockers","volume":"132","author":"Argulian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq439","article-title":"Doubly robust estimation of causal effects","volume":"173","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113284","article-title":"A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models","volume":"115","author":"Lemeshow","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.41.1.99","article-title":"Effects of propranolol and metoprolol on haemodynamic and respiratory indices and on perceived exertion during exercise in hypertensive patients","volume":"41","author":"van Herwaarden","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.10.1169","article-title":"The effects of alpha and beta blockade on ventilatory responses to exercise in chronic heart failure","volume":"89","author":"Witte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.030","article-title":"ESCAPE Investigators, Beta-blocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients","volume":"47","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.05.006","article-title":"The effects of long-term beta-blockade on the ventilatory responses to exercise in chronic heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Witte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90159-1","article-title":"Central origin of respiratory arrest in beta-blocker intoxication in rats","volume":"89","author":"Langemeijer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(88)80016-2","article-title":"Does the brain's gatekeeper falter in aging?","volume":"9","author":"Pardridge","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.04.006","article-title":"Lung function with carvedilol and bisoprolol in chronic heart failure: is beta selectivity relevant?","volume":"9","author":"Agostoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.03.034","article-title":"Effects of beta-blockers on ventilation efficiency in heart failure","volume":"159","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.277","article-title":"Multiparametric comparison of CARvedilol, vs. NEbivolol, vs. BIsoprolol in moderate heart failure: the CARNEBI trial","volume":"168","author":"Contini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.030","article-title":"ESCAPE Investigators, Beta-blocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients","volume":"47","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90047-7","article-title":"beta-Adrenoceptor blockade spares chemoreceptor responsiveness to hypoxia","volume":"324","author":"Gonsalves","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.11.1081","article-title":"Carotid bodies and breathing in humans","volume":"49","author":"Whipp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00265.2015","article-title":"Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia","volume":"310","author":"L\u00f3pez-Barneo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(94)00096-I","article-title":"Effects of carotid body sympathetic denervation on ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in the goat","volume":"99","author":"Ryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(86)90042-3","article-title":"Role of beta adrenergic receptors in carotid body function of the goat","volume":"64","author":"Hudgel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553922000773?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094553922000773?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T21:31:51Z","timestamp":1761082311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094553922000773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1094553922000773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-5539"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-5539"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of beta blockers on resting respiratory rate in older adults: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2022.102186","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102186"}}