{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:26:40Z","timestamp":1790188000931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":390,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Progr\u00e8s en Urologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T04:24:23Z","timestamp":1700886263000},"page":"624-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Varicoc\u00e8le et infertilit\u00e9 masculine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9445-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Huyghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Methorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7218-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Faix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0005","first-page":"CD000479","article-title":"Surgery or embolisation for varicocele in subfertile men","author":"Evers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.12.008","article-title":"Does varicocele repair improve male infertility? An evidence-based perspective from a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Abdel-Meguid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.06.018","article-title":"Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair","volume":"60","author":"Baazeem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.008","article-title":"Reassessing the value of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male subfertility with a new meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Marmar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0025","first-page":"CD000479","article-title":"Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men","volume":"10","author":"Kroese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.11.023","article-title":"Treatment of varicocele in subfertile men: The Cochrane Review\u00a0--\u00a0a contrary opinion","volume":"49","author":"Ficarra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2020.11.006","article-title":"Recommendations of the Committee of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the AFU concerning the management of varicocele","volume":"31","author":"Methorst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2019.1582807","article-title":"Should the current guidelines for the treatment of varicoceles in infertile men be re-evaluated?","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Fertil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.08.001","article-title":"The varicocele","volume":"41","author":"Masson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.03.062","article-title":"Prevalence and effect of varicoceles in an elderly population","volume":"66","author":"Canales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59432-1","article-title":"What is the incidence of varicocele in a fertile population?","volume":"48","author":"Kursh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597109133569","article-title":"Varicocele in children and adolescents. An investigation of the incidence among Danish school children","volume":"5","author":"Oster","year":"1971","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80385-9","article-title":"Incidence of varicoceles in men with primary and secondary infertility","volume":"47","author":"Jarow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55809-9","article-title":"Loss of fertility in men with varicocele","volume":"59","author":"Gorelick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14539","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14539","article-title":"Varicocele is underdiagnosed in men evaluated for infertility: examination of multi-center large-scale electronic health record data","volume":"54","author":"Carto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2020.05.014","article-title":"Decisional conflict and knowledge among patients with varicocele seeking treatment for infertility","volume":"142","author":"Jayadevan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2000.00735.x","article-title":"The prevalence of varicocele and varicocele-related testicular atrophy in Turkish children and adolescents","volume":"86","author":"Akbay","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.044","article-title":"Varicocele is associated with impaired semen quality and reproductive hormone levels: a study of 7035\u00a0healthy young men from six European countries","volume":"70","author":"Damsgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555211069247","article-title":"The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13576","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13576","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment options of varicocele: an overview","volume":"53","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00696-y","article-title":"Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor1-\u03b1 in varicocele disease: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Babaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729539","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.729539","article-title":"Varicocele-mediated male infertility: from the perspective of testicular immunity and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.153539","article-title":"Varicocele and testicular function","volume":"17","author":"Pastuszak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.05.002","article-title":"Relationship between varicocele and sperm DNA damage and the effect of varicocele repair: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.473","article-title":"Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Naughton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.172819","article-title":"Varicocele and male infertility: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197","article-title":"Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"4S1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.08.073","article-title":"Reprint of: Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele","volume":"112","author":"Dubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.10.007","article-title":"Report on varicocele and infertility: a committee opinion","volume":"102","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2000.00240.x","article-title":"Inter-observer variation in the results of the clinical andrological examination including estimation of testicular size","volume":"23","author":"Carlsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32834b8698","article-title":"Standardization and documentation of varicocele evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Stahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06280-y","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading","volume":"30","author":"Freeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.02.012","article-title":"Varicocele repair in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Weedin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.87","article-title":"Predictors of pain resolution after varicocelectomy for painful varicocele","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54796-7","article-title":"Deterioration of semen parameters over time in men with untreated varicocele: evidence of progressive testicular damage","volume":"57","author":"Chehval","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.033","article-title":"Alternate indications for varicocele repair: non-obstructive azoospermia, pain, androgen deficiency and progressive testicular dysfunction","volume":"96","author":"Schlegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000311","article-title":"Systematic review of the impact of varicocele grade on response to surgical management","volume":"203","author":"Asafu-Adjei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.06.036","article-title":"The impact of microsurgical repair of subclinical and clinical varicoceles on total motile sperm count: is there a difference?","volume":"120","author":"Thirumavalavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36203-1","article-title":"Relationship between varicocele size and response to varicocelectomy","volume":"149","author":"Steckel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0798-8","article-title":"The effect of subclinical varicocele on pregnancy rates and semen parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181396","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/181396","article-title":"Multiple determinations of sperm DNA fragmentation show that varicocelectomy is not indicated for infertile patients with subclinical varicocele","volume":"2014","author":"Garc\u00eda-Peir\u00f3","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11093.x","article-title":"Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"110","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.046","article-title":"Nomograms for predicting changes in semen parameters in infertile men after varicocele repair","volume":"102","author":"Samplaski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/aja2021125","article-title":"Predictors of microsurgical varicocelectomy efficacy in male infertility treatment: critical assessment and systematization","volume":"25","author":"Shomarufov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg027","article-title":"Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13874","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13874","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations","volume":"53","author":"Esteves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1839-4","article-title":"Effect of varicocele repair on sperm DNA fragmentation: a review","volume":"50","author":"Roque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.016","article-title":"Are varicoceles associated with increased deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation?","volume":"96","author":"Zini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.08.161","article-title":"Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate","volume":"183","author":"Smit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0250","first-page":"S146","article-title":"Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate","volume":"189","author":"Smit","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1839-4","article-title":"Effect of varicocele repair on sperm DNA fragmentation: a review","volume":"50","author":"Roque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.02.046","article-title":"Sperm protamine mRNA ratio and DNA fragmentation index represent reliable clinical biomarkers for men with varicocele after microsurgical varicocele ligation","volume":"192","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0265","first-page":"S146","article-title":"Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate","volume":"189","author":"Smit","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0270","series-title":"Optimal evaluation of the infertile male [Internet]","author":"Jarow","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.05.033","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion","volume":"98","author":"Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57306-3","article-title":"Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men","volume":"63","author":"Madgar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.8.2147","article-title":"Update on treatment of varicocele: counselling as effective as occlusion of the vena spermatica","volume":"13","author":"Nieschlag","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0051-8","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection for\u00a0male infertility and consequences for\u00a0offspring","volume":"15","author":"Esteves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh592","article-title":"A multi-centre cohort study of the physical health of 5-year-old children conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro fertilization and natural conception","volume":"20","author":"Bonduelle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.10.018","article-title":"The effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on live birth rate after IVF or ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Osman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14275","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14275","article-title":"Effect of varicocele on sperm DNA damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.163269","article-title":"Outcome of assisted reproductive technology in men with treated and untreated varicocele: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Esteves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1093","article-title":"Undergoing varicocele repair before assisted reproduction improves pregnancy rate and live birth rate in azoospermic and oligospermic men with a varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Kirby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.017","article-title":"Varicocelectomy to \u00ab\u00a0upgrade\u00a0\u00bb semen quality to allow couples to use less invasive forms of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"108","author":"Samplaski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65192-0","article-title":"Can varicocelectomy significantly change the way couples use assisted reproductive technologies?","volume":"167","author":"Cayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.033","article-title":"Varicocelectomy before assisted reproductive technology: are outcomes improved?","volume":"108","author":"Kohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.017","article-title":"Varicocelectomy to \u00ab\u00a0upgrade\u00a0\u00bb semen quality to allow couples to use less invasive forms of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"108","author":"Samplaski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.019","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion","volume":"103","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00379-2","article-title":"Is assisted reproduction the optimal treatment for varicocele-associated male infertility?. A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"49","author":"Schlegel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.10.010","article-title":"Men with severe oligospermia appear to benefit from varicocele repair: a cost-effectiveness analysis of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"111","author":"Dubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.169562","article-title":"Outcome of varicocele repair in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Esteves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00108-3","article-title":"Induction of spermatogenesis and achievement of pregnancy after microsurgical varicocelectomy in men with azoospermia and severe oligoasthenospermia","volume":"70","author":"Matthews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00108-3","article-title":"Induction of spermatogenesis and achievement of pregnancy after microsurgical varicocelectomy in men with azoospermia and severe oligoasthenospermia","volume":"70","author":"Matthews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3\u00a0Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199909010-00031","article-title":"Varicocele repair improves semen parameters in azoospermic men with spermatogenic failure","volume":"162","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.10030.x","article-title":"Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair","volume":"108","author":"Tanrikut","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.01.009","article-title":"Testosterone and varicocele","volume":"43","author":"Hayden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12778","article-title":"Efficacy of varicocelectomy in the treatment of hypogonadism in subfertile males with clinical varicocele: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.10030.x","article-title":"Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair","volume":"108","author":"Tanrikut","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-5-824","article-title":"Plasma testosterone in patients with varicocele and sexual inadequacy","volume":"40","author":"Comhaire","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00374-X","article-title":"Effect of microsurgical subinguinal varicocele ligation to treat pain","volume":"55","author":"Yaman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.170010","article-title":"Varicocele and testicular pain: a review","volume":"37","author":"Paick","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.05.014","article-title":"Factors predicting symptomatic relief by varicocelectomy in patients with normospermia and painful varicocele non-responsive to conservative treatment","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171657","article-title":"An update on the role of medical treatment including antioxidant therapy in varicocele","volume":"18","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14533","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14533","article-title":"Improvement in sperm quality by oral antioxidant supplementation in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Ioannidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13396","article-title":"Efficacy of antioxidant therapy on sperm quality measurements after varicocelectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.98","article-title":"Microsurgical varicocelectomy: a review","volume":"15","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.136443","article-title":"Inguinal and subinguinal micro-varicocelectomy, the optimal surgical management of varicocele: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37035-0","article-title":"Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic sparing technique","volume":"148","author":"Goldstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0445","first-page":"839","article-title":"Sub-inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy with intraoperative microvascular Doppler ultrasound leads to the pain-free outcome after surgery","volume":"25","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"J X-Ray Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13641","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13641","article-title":"Impact of intraoperative Doppler ultrasound assistance during microsurgical varicocelectomy on operative outcome and sperm parameters","volume":"52","author":"\u00d6zkaptan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13363","article-title":"Comparison between microsurgical varicocelectomy with and without testicular delivery for treatment of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08431.x","article-title":"Microsurgical varicocelectomy for infertile men with oligospermia: differential effect of bilateral and unilateral varicocele on pregnancy outcomes","volume":"104","author":"Baazeem","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2001.00407.x","article-title":"Clinical outcome of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in infertile men","volume":"33","author":"Jungwirth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0470","first-page":"674","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of microscopic varicocelectomy versus Palomo surgery for varicocele: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2020.11.006","article-title":"Recommandations du Comit\u00e9 d\u2019andrologie et de m\u00e9decine sexuelle de l\u2019AFU concernant la prise en charge de la varicoc\u00e8le","volume":"31","author":"Methorst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2020.02.010","article-title":"Favorable impact of left antegrade sclerotherapy of clinical left varicocele on spermogram","volume":"30","author":"Bonnet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.06.036","article-title":"Antegrade sclerotherapy to treat all types of varicoceles in the pediatric population: experience of a single center","volume":"98","author":"Paradiso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171658","article-title":"Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins for varicocele treatment: technique, complications, and results","volume":"18","author":"Crestani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.04.027","article-title":"Comparison of scrotal antegrade sclerotherapy and laparoscopic Palomo surgery in treatment of adolescent varicocele: a 15-year review","volume":"14","author":"Hung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.136443","article-title":"Inguinal and subinguinal micro-varicocelectomy, the optimal surgical management of varicocele: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23066","article-title":"Ischemic colitis following left antegrade sclerotherapy for idiopathic varicocele","volume":"31","author":"Boscolo-Berto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.5301\/RU.2013.10722","article-title":"Ischemic necrosis of the sigmoid colon after antegrade sclerotherapy of idiopathic varicocele: a case report","volume":"80","author":"Fulcoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urologia"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E641","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1822","article-title":"Large bowel infarct following antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for varicocele: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Vicini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13162","article-title":"Varicocoele embolization with sclerosing agents leads to lower radiation exposure and procedural costs than coils: data from a real-life before and after study","volume":"10","author":"Boeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.139.2.7220877","article-title":"Percutaneous sclerotherapy of varicocele","volume":"139","author":"Seyferth","year":"1981","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-016-1340-x","article-title":"Varicocele percutaneous embolization outcomes in a pediatric group: 7-year retrospective study","volume":"48","author":"Malekzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.09.026","article-title":"Percutaneous embolization of varicoceles: outcomes and correlation of semen improvement with pregnancy","volume":"63","author":"Nabi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.169985","article-title":"Percutaneous embolization of varicocele: technique, indications, relative contraindications, and complications","volume":"18","author":"Halpern","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1474979","article-title":"Microsurgery versus laparoscopic surgery for varicocele: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0550","first-page":"CD000479","article-title":"Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men","volume":"4","author":"Persad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0684-6","article-title":"Treatment of varicocele with reference to age: a retrospective comparison of three minimally invasive procedures","volume":"21","author":"Beutner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2022.03.013","article-title":"Comparing endovascular and surgical treatments for varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13462","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13462","article-title":"Bilateral is superior to unilateral varicocelectomy in infertile men with bilateral varicocele: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Ou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13078","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13078","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcome of bilateral and unilateral varicocelectomy in infertile males with left clinical and right subclinical varicocele: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Niu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.295","article-title":"Varicocele surgery or embolization: which is better?","volume":"6","author":"Cassidy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0580","first-page":"651","article-title":"Factors associated with varicocele recurrence after microscopic sub-inguinal varicocelectomy","volume":"12","author":"Alkhamees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14525","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14525","article-title":"Effect of redo-varicocelectomy on semen parameters and pregnancy outcome: an original report and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Mahdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"}],"container-title":["Progr\u00e8s en Urologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1166708723002087?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1166708723002087?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T06:37:22Z","timestamp":1761115042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1166708723002087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1166708723002087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1166-7087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1166-7087","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Varicoc\u00e8le et infertilit\u00e9 masculine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Progr\u00e8s en Urologie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.purol.2023.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}