{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T20:55:36Z","timestamp":1792961736957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quaternary International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T05:45:56Z","timestamp":1398318356000},"page":"158-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A survey of temperature and precipitation based aridity indices in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"345","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Tabari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hosseinzadeh Talaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.S.","family":"Mousavi Nadoushani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Marchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib1","series-title":"Classification and Assessment of Aridity in Pakistan by Using Different Aridity Indices","author":"Adnan","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib2","series-title":"Glossary of Meteorology","author":"American Meteorological Society","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.03.005","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of ordinary and residual kriging techniques for mapping global solar radiation over southern Spain","volume":"149","author":"Alsamamra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib4","series-title":"Water in the Arid Realm","author":"Agnew","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/met.7","article-title":"Spatial distribution of climatic indices in northern Greece","volume":"14","author":"Baltas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meteorological Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6575","article-title":"Space\u2013time rainfall variability in the Paute Basin, Ecuadorian Andes","volume":"21","author":"Celleri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrological Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2013.12.057","article-title":"Abrupt change of temperature and precipitation extremes in the arid region of Northwest China","volume":"336","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0755-2","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of aridity indices based on temperature and precipitation in the extra-Carpathian regions of Romania","volume":"112","author":"Croitoru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2003.12.002","article-title":"On climate variability in northeast of Brazil","volume":"58","author":"da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0651-9","article-title":"Observed climate variability and change in Urmia Lake Basin, Iran","volume":"111","author":"Delju","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib11","volume":"3 tomes","author":"de Martonne","year":"1925"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2081","article-title":"Spatial variations of climate indices in Turkey","volume":"31","author":"Deniz","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-012-0589-6","article-title":"Analysis of dry\/wet conditions using the standardized precipitation index and its potential usefulness for drought\/flood monitoring in Hunan Province, China","volume":"27","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib14","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring","author":"Gilbert","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(97)00125-X","article-title":"A\u00a0modified Mann\u2013Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data","volume":"204","author":"Hamed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-009-9578-2","article-title":"Climatic trends in Israel 1970\u20132002: warmer and increasing aridity inland","volume":"96","author":"Kafle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1708(99)00018-4","article-title":"Climate change in Ireland from precipitation and streamflow observations","volume":"23","author":"Kiely","year":"1999","journal-title":"Advances in Water Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2009.08.006","article-title":"Trends in seasonal and annual rainfall and rainy days in Kashmir Valley in the last century","volume":"212","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib19","article-title":"Spatial and temporal changes in aridity index in northwest China: 1960 to 2010","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2006.12.024","article-title":"Rainfall trends in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran","volume":"70","author":"Modarres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2011.06.007","article-title":"Recent trends of temperature change under hot and cold desert climates: comparing the Sahara (Libya) and Central Asia (Xinjiang, China)","volume":"75","author":"Mamtimin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.06.017","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of the aridity index in Greece","volume":"119","author":"Nastos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.02.039","article-title":"Trend and variability in observed hydrometeorological extremes in the Lake Victoria basin","volume":"489","author":"Nyeko-Ogiramoi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib25","first-page":"81","article-title":"Relationships between the De Martonne aridity index and water requirements of some representative crops: a case study from Romania","volume":"21","author":"Paltineanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Agrophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2006.05.021","article-title":"Recent rainfall and runoff variability in central Argentina","volume":"158","author":"Pasquini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1968.10480934","article-title":"Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau","volume":"63","author":"Sen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal, American Statistical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-011-0993-0","article-title":"Investigation of spatial variability and pattern analysis of soil properties in the northwest of Iran","volume":"64","author":"Shifteh Somee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Earth Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.04.016","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trends and change point of precipitation in Iran","volume":"113","author":"Shifteh Some'e","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0650-x","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trends of aridity index in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran","volume":"111","author":"Shifteh Some'e","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0146-1","article-title":"Rainfall and rainy days trend in Iran","volume":"110","author":"Soltani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3432","article-title":"Temporal pattern of monthly aridity index in Iran with considering precipitation and evapotranspiration trends","volume":"33","author":"Tabari","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.11.034","article-title":"Temporal variability of precipitation over Iran: 1966\u20132005","volume":"396","author":"Tabari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2012.08.010","article-title":"Moisture Index for Iran: trend analysis","volume":"100","author":"Tabari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global and Planetary Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-011-0568-8","article-title":"Shift changes and monotonic trends in autocorrelated temperature series over Iran","volume":"109","author":"Tabari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-010-9689-6","article-title":"Changes of pan evaporation in the west of Iran","volume":"25","author":"Tabari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Resources Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.01.005","article-title":"Testing for long-term trends in climatic variables in Iran","volume":"100","author":"Tabari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib38","first-page":"1397","article-title":"A\u00a0rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis","volume":"vol. 53","author":"Theil","year":"1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib39","series-title":"Twenty-First Annual Conference, PACON 2008, Energy and Climate Change, Innovative Approaches to Solving Today's Problems, Ala Moana Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA","article-title":"Continentality and Oceanity Indices in Turkey","author":"Toros","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib41","series-title":"General Climatology","author":"Zambakas","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-008-0252-4","article-title":"Changes of temperature extremes for 1960\u20132004 in Far-West China","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-009-0324-0","article-title":"Climate changes and their impacts on water resources in the arid regions: a case study of the Tarim River basin, China","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"}],"container-title":["Quaternary International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040618214002055?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040618214002055?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T18:46:51Z","timestamp":1760899611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040618214002055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1040618214002055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A survey of temperature and precipitation based aridity indices in Iran","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Quaternary International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.03.061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}