{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:00:39Z","timestamp":1787756439923,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T13:08:57Z","timestamp":1626440937000},"page":"2714-2718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pleural empyema secondary to nephropleural fistula in complicated pyonephrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Tamburrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Lugar\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro Paolo","family":"Saturnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Quassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Leboffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Panico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Raffaele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cesarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Cagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Marano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0001","article-title":"Empyema and respiratory failure secondary to nephropleural fistula caused by chronic urinary tract infection: a case report","volume":"2012","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1498-9","article-title":"Stage-directed therapy of pleural empyema","volume":"402","author":"Reichert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215267","article-title":"Epidemiology and prognostic factors of pleural empyema","author":"Bobbio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800630116","article-title":"Pleural empyema in association with renal sepsis","volume":"63","author":"Irving","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020331","article-title":"Pyonephrosis ultrasound and computed tomography features: a pictorial review","volume":"11","author":"Tamburrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.02.030","article-title":"Empyema thoracis presented as giant back abscess","volume":"16","author":"Abd Karim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-007-0591-3","article-title":"State of the art: imaging of renal infections","volume":"14","author":"Demertzis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3401842","article-title":"Emergent percutaneous nephrostomy for pyonephrosis: a primer for the on-call interventional radiologist","volume":"37","author":"Florido","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2016.06.002","article-title":"Urinary drainage procedures in interventional radiology","volume":"19","author":"Thornton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-020-00140-7","article-title":"Management of pleural infection","volume":"7","author":"Sundaralingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00185-X","article-title":"Pleural infection: past, present, and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Corcoran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0012","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Surgical versus non-surgical management of pleural empyema","author":"Coote","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200510-113JH","article-title":"Parapneumonic effusions and empyema","volume":"3","author":"Light","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2565(09)72634-7","article-title":"[Parapneumonic pleural effusions and empyema in adults:current practice]","volume":"209","author":"Porcel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0015","first-page":"203","article-title":"Management of thoracic empyema: review of 112 cases","volume":"50","author":"Vaziri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/61.1.203","article-title":"Radiological perspectives in empyema","volume":"61","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-199707000-00011","article-title":"Diseases of the pleura","volume":"3","author":"Light","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80373-3","article-title":"Pleural fluid volume estimation: a chest radiograph prediction rule","volume":"3","author":"Blackmore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02006.x","article-title":"The efficacy of chest radiographs in detecting parapneumonic effusions","volume":"16","author":"Brixey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2434","article-title":"Ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pleural effusions","volume":"10","author":"Soni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-3002","article-title":"Diagnostic utility and clinical application of imaging for pleural space infections","volume":"137","author":"Heffner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802010000200009","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of sonography for pleural effusion: systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Grimberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.4.1274","article-title":"Pleural effusions in febrile medical ICU patients: chest ultrasound study","volume":"126","author":"Tu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.6.2028857","article-title":"Imaging the pleura: sonography, CT, and MR imaging","volume":"156","author":"McLoud","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21076","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021076","article-title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in undiagnosed pleural effusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2006.02.001","article-title":"Imaging of pleural disease","volume":"27","author":"Qureshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0480","article-title":"Computed tomography and ultrasound in parapneumonic effusions and empyema","volume":"55","author":"Kearney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0028","first-page":"18","article-title":"Signs in chest imaging","volume":"17","author":"Algin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130141","article-title":"A simple method for differentiating complicated parapneumonic effusion\/empyema from parapneumonic effusion using the split pleura sign and the amount of pleural effusion on thoracic CT","volume":"10","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0030","first-page":"547","article-title":"[Intractable duodenocutaneous fistula after nephrectomy for stone pyonephrosis: report of a case]","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0031","first-page":"36","article-title":"Pyeloduodenal fistula as a result of pyonephrosis","volume":"21","author":"Kondapi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-9-39","article-title":"Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of pyonephrosis in a patient with unknown kidney carcinosarcoma: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Quaresima","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06403-4","article-title":"Renal pyonephrosis with massive pleural empyema","author":"Evangelista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e231985","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231985","article-title":"Empyema secondary to obstructive pyelonephritis","volume":"12","author":"Cleto Marinho","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2020.3.203","article-title":"Infected kidney stone progressing to perinephric abscess and thoracic empyema","volume":"92","author":"Tufano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.01.086","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000}}],"container-title":["Radiology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1930043321004271?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1930043321004271?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:57:40Z","timestamp":1761825460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1930043321004271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1930043321004271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-0433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1930-0433","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pleural empyema secondary to nephropleural fistula in complicated pyonephrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiology Case Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}