{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:24:28Z","timestamp":1793294668254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","radiographyonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T08:28:42Z","timestamp":1704788922000},"page":"425-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical indications for carbon-ion radiotherapy in the UK: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0272-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Light","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Bridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10030066","article-title":"Evolution of carbon ion radiotherapy at the National Institute of radiological sciences in Japan","volume":"10","author":"Mohamad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3576668","article-title":"Failla Memorial lecture. The future of heavy-ion science in biology and medicine","volume":"103","author":"Tobias","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib3","first-page":"484","article-title":"Charged-particle therapy in cancer: clinical uses and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Durante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00140","article-title":"The emerging role of carbon-ion radiotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Ebner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00082","article-title":"Carbon ion therapy: a modern review of an emerging technology","volume":"10","author":"Malouff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib6","first-page":"15","article-title":"Heavy charged particle radiobiology: using enhanced biological effectiveness and improved beam focusing to advance cancer therapy","volume":"711","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat Res Fund Mol Mech Mutagen"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2009.07.005","article-title":"Ion beam radiobiology and cancer: time to update ourselves","volume":"1792","author":"Fokas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082019","article-title":"Impact of hypoxia on carbon ion therapy in glioblastoma cells: modulation by LET and hypoxia-dependent genes","volume":"12","author":"Valable","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru020","article-title":"Clinical oxygen enhancement ratio of tumors in carbon ion radiotherapy: the influence of local oxygenation changes","volume":"55","author":"Antonovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Radiat Res"},{"issue":"1116","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib10","first-page":"93","article-title":"Heavy charged particle beam therapy and related new radiotherapy technologies: the clinical potential, physics and technical developments required to deliver benefit for patients with cancer","author":"Kirkby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib12","series-title":"CASP systematic review checklist [online]","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.12.013","article-title":"Results of carbon ion radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"103","author":"Mizoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5482","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2408","article-title":"Multicenter study of carbon-ion radiation therapy for nonsquamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity","volume":"8","author":"Ikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25618","article-title":"Feasibility of carbon- ion radiotherapy for oral non-squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"41","author":"Ikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib16","first-page":"163","article-title":"IMRT and carbon ion boost for malignant salivary gland tumours: interim analysis of the COSMIC trial","volume":"12","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Medical Council Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24671","article-title":"Definitive carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced parotid gland carcinomas","volume":"39","author":"Koto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13558","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective multicentre study of carbon-ion radiotherapy for major salivary gland carcinomas: subanalysis of J-CROS 1402 HN","volume":"109","author":"Hayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.02.019","article-title":"Results of combination treatment with intensity modulated radiotherapy and active raster-scanning carbon ion boost for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands of the nasopharynx","volume":"91","author":"Akbaba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.22127","article-title":"A\u00a0phase I\/II clinical trial of preoperative short-course carbon-ion radiotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: carbon-Ion Therapy for Esophageal Cancer","volume":"105","author":"Akutsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.818255","article-title":"Proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for primary brain tumours and tumours of the skull base","volume":"52","author":"Combs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.762996","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of early treatment outcome in patients with meningiomas treated with particle therapy based on target volume definition with MRI and 68Ga-DOTATOC- PET","volume":"52","author":"Combs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib23","article-title":"Clinical outcomes using carbon-ion radiotherapy and dose-volume histogram comparison between carbon-ion radiotherapy and proton therapy for T2b-4NOMO non-small cell lung cancer- A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Shirai","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Public Library of Science One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13963","article-title":"Safety and efficiency of carbon-ion radiotherapy alone for stage III non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"40","author":"Anzai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2561","article-title":"Hypofractionated carbon-ion radiotherapy for stage I peripheral nonsmall cell lung cancer (GUNMA0701): prospective phase II study","volume":"8","author":"Saitoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766822","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.766822","article-title":"Preliminary safety and efficacy of proton plus carbon-ion radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in limited- stage small cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28606","article-title":"High control rate in patients with chondrosarcoma of the skull base after carbon ion therapy: first report of long-term results","volume":"120","author":"Uhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28877","article-title":"Highly effective treatment of skull base chordoma with carbon ion irradiation using a raster scan technique in 155 patients; First long-term results","volume":"120","author":"Uhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27451","article-title":"Impact of carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable osteosarcoma of the trunk","volume":"118","author":"Matsunobu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1679","article-title":"Carbon iom radiotherapy for unresectable localized axial soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"7","author":"Imai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000520277","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 4 fractions of carbon-ion radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Shibuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13727","article-title":"Updated long-term outcomes after carbon-ion radiotherapy for primary renal cell carcinoma","volume":"109","author":"Kasuya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.08.026","article-title":"A\u00a0single institutional experience of combined carbon-ion radiotherapy and chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"129","author":"Shinoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2022.03.010","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of octogenarian pancreatic cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Bhattacharyaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.460","article-title":"A\u00a0multi- institutional analysis of prospective studies of carbon ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer: an analysis of 2157 patients from the Japan carbon ion radiation oncology study group (J-CROS)","volume":"96","author":"Nomiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14164015","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy for elderly patients with high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"14","author":"Hiroshima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28621","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in phase 1\/2 clinical trial (protocol 9704)","volume":"120","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib38","article-title":"Correction: clinical trial of prophylatic extended-field carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (protocol 0508)","volume":"10","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Public Library of Science One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.10.007","article-title":"Carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer: Japan carbon-ion radiation oncology study group (J-CROS) study 1404 rectum","volume":"132","author":"Shinoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01653-w","article-title":"The role of carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer: a single institutional experience","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10876-4","article-title":"Carbon ion radiotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer of patients with prior pelvic irradiation","volume":"29","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib42","series-title":"Pancreatic cancer in adults: diagnosis and management [internet]","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.07.041","article-title":"Hypoxia: friend or Foe for drug delivery in pancreatic cancer","volume":"492","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-09391-9","article-title":"Outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiation in localized pancreatic\u00a0cancer: a case-control matched analysis","volume":"28","author":"Chopra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.362","article-title":"Carbon ion radiation therapy with concurrent gemcitabine for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"95","author":"Shinoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29161","article-title":"Phase 2 multi-institutional trial evaluating gemcitabine and stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"121","author":"Herman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194556","article-title":"The feasibility of stereotactic\u00a0body proton beam therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30106-3","article-title":"Carbon ion radiotherapy as a treatment modality for paediatric cancers","volume":"3","author":"Ohno","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib50","series-title":"Bone sarcoma incidence statistics [internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib51","series-title":"Survival for bone cancer [internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib52","series-title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer [internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib53","series-title":"Mouth cancer [internet]","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib55","article-title":"Cancer statistics for England","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"House of Commons Library"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib57","series-title":"Risks and causes of salivary gland cancer [internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014_bib58","series-title":"Survival for salivary gland cancer [internet]","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Radiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817423002547?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817423002547?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T12:11:09Z","timestamp":1761048669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078817423002547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078817423002547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical indications for carbon-ion radiotherapy in the UK: A critical review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The College of Radiographers.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}