{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:08:09Z","timestamp":1792271289668,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000867","name":"Commonwealth Scholarship Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMCS-2022-663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMCS-2022-663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","radiographyonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:52:56Z","timestamp":1762426376000},"page":"103221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Preregistration radiography education in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact assessment on graduate competence and employability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2192-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Susiku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hewitt\u2013Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.N.","family":"Akudjedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib1","series-title":"Standards of proficiency for radiographers","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib2","series-title":"The ASRT practice standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib3","series-title":"Standards of practice","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30374-2","article-title":"Burden of non-communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990\u20132017: results from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"7","author":"Gouda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). World health statistics; monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals1. World Health Organization (WHO). World health statistics; monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Vol. 27, The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 2023;27(2):179\u201387.","DOI":"10.2307\/3348165"},{"issue":"10315","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00673-5","article-title":"The lancet commission on diagnostics: transforming access to diagnostics","volume":"398","author":"Fleming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00442-3","article-title":"Availability of essential diagnostics in ten low-income and middle-income countries: results from national health facility surveys","volume":"9","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib8","article-title":"Essential diagnostics: mind the gap","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib9","series-title":"To X-ray or not to X-ray?","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib10","series-title":"The international society of radiographers and radiological technologists survey to support the World Health Organisation\u2019s strategy on human resources for Health: workforce 2030","author":"Ell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-008317","article-title":"The health workforce status in the WHO African region: findings of a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Ahmat","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101034","article-title":"How to improve access to medical imaging in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"38","author":"Frija","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib13","series-title":"Improving the entry-to-practice education of radiographers","first-page":"124","author":"Ell","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib14","author":"Susiku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib15","series-title":"Education and career framework for the radiography workforce","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2024.08.014","article-title":"Diagnostic radiography workforce expectations of learners against the 2023 HCPC standards of proficiency: results of a UK Delphi study","volume":"30","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib17","first-page":"e138","article-title":"Diagnosing the disparities: an analysis of the current state of medical imaging in Africa and strategies for improvement: a correspondence","volume":"6","author":"Aderinto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg: Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2024.12.009","article-title":"\u201cWatch them do what they do\u201d: effects of the clinical learning environment on radiography students\u2019 clinical placement experiences","volume":"31","author":"Ago","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib19","author":"Bwanga"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib20","article-title":"Educational audit of radiography clinical training sites in a limited resource setting: zambian clinical educator\u2019s perspectives","volume":"56","author":"Bwanga","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015952","article-title":"State of the health workforce in the WHO African region: decade review of progress and opportunities for policy reforms and investments","volume":"7","author":"Asamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.23.290191","article-title":"Understanding the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list 2023","volume":"101","author":"Cometto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1162","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00224-3","article-title":"Prioritising the health and care workforce shortage: protect, invest, together","volume":"11","author":"Agyeman-Manu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib25","series-title":"Occupational handbook, radiologic and MRI technologists","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib29","article-title":"Diagnostic radiography clinical resources in a workplace-based learning setting","volume":"55","author":"Dlamini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bridging theory and practice: experiences of diagnostic radiography students during clinical training in resource-constrained settings","author":"Shafuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4038\/seajme.v16i2.385","article-title":"Perceptions of radiography students regarding the qualities of an effective clinical educator in Zambia","volume":"16","author":"Bwanga","year":"2022","journal-title":"South-East Asian J Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.54450\/saradio.2023.61.2.753","article-title":"Challenges experienced by radiography students during clinical placements in a low resource setting: a qualitative phenomenological study","volume":"61","author":"Chinene","year":"2023","journal-title":"South Afr Radiogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.23.00317","article-title":"Radiation therapist education and training: an international survey","author":"Leech","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib34","series-title":"Regulation of clinical radiography and education practice: a cross-continental document analysis of regulatory frameworks","author":"Susiku","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2013.01.001","article-title":"Global review of radiography","volume":"19","author":"Cowling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2017.05.011","article-title":"Clinical radiography education across Europe","volume":"23","author":"England","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2018.03.002","article-title":"Curricula, attributes and clinical experiences of radiography programs in four European educational institutions","volume":"24","author":"S\u00e1 dos Reis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.54450\/saradio.2022.60.1.693","article-title":"Diagnostic radiography education in South Africa: where we were, where we are and possible futures","volume":"60","author":"Van de Venter","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr Radiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2021.121019","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic radiography technology curriculum from the graduates perspective","volume":"12","author":"Bafaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Creat Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2024.10.019","article-title":"Clinical insights into cross-sectional imaging integration in radiography education","volume":"31","author":"Friel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2021.04.004","article-title":"International perspectives on radiography practice education","volume":"27","author":"McNulty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib42","article-title":"A global overview of the changing roles of radiographers","volume":"14","author":"Cowling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib43","first-page":"225","article-title":"Addressing radiography workforce competence gaps in Zambia; insights into the radiography diploma training programme using a curriculum mapping approach","volume":"49","author":"Maimbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Sci Basic Appl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2018.06.011","article-title":"Stakeholders\u2019 viewpoints on work-integrated learning practices in radiography training in South Africa: towards improvement of practice","volume":"25","author":"du Plessis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib45","article-title":"An audit of licenced radiological equipment and personnel in Botswana","volume":"2","author":"Nlashwa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Coll Med South Afr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2020.08.010","article-title":"Evaluation of radiotherapy education across the EU and the impact on graduates\u2019 competencies working on the linear accelerator","volume":"27","author":"Couto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410120089033","article-title":"The quality of care: how can it be assessed?","volume":"260","author":"Donabedian","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of medical care","volume":"83","author":"Donabedian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.03.066","article-title":"Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity","volume":"15","author":"Almanasreh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib50","first-page":"70","article-title":"Doing A pilot study: why is it essential?","volume":"1","author":"Hassan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malays Fam Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib51","series-title":"Bernstein: psychometric theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.4.3.272","article-title":"Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research","volume":"4","author":"Fabrigar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Method"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib53","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the Most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib54","author":"Bwanga"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.743","article-title":"Quality audits of nuclear medicine practices in a middle-income African setting","volume":"71","author":"Lutaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib56","article-title":"Audit of the accessibility, state and cost of computed tomography service: a national audit in a middle-income resource setting","volume":"56","author":"Ampofo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.37.295.22046","article-title":"An audit of registered radiology equipment resources in Uganda","volume":"37","author":"Kiguli-Malwadde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.39.99.28342","article-title":"An audit of zimbabwean public sector diagnostic ultrasound services","volume":"39","author":"Mapuranga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2020.07.004","article-title":"An audit of MRI machines and services in Ghana","volume":"27","author":"Ofori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib60","author":"Mbewe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.60.18935","article-title":"An audit of licensed zimbabwean radiology equipment resources as measure of healthcare access and equity","volume":"34","author":"Maboreke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib62","article-title":"Professional competency framework for sonographers","author":"Childs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Figshare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzac017","article-title":"Development of a professional competency framework for Australian sonographers\u2014perspectives for developing competencies using a Delphi methodology","volume":"34","author":"Childs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib64","article-title":"Clinical competencies and performance of radiologic technology interns in general radiography","volume":"55","author":"Estira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib65","first-page":"230","article-title":"Developing clinical competence in diagnostic imaging students","volume":"87","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2024.07.010","article-title":"Developing CT workforce competencies: what knowledge and skills should we expect of an early career radiographer?","volume":"30","author":"Mallison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib67","series-title":"Positioning competencies for radiography graduates","author":"Ballinger","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib68","author":"Couto"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0830-5","article-title":"Nuclear medicine technologist training in European countries","volume":"29","author":"Lass","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2016.08.009","article-title":"An international survey of MRI qualification and certification frameworks with an emphasis on identifying elements of good practice","volume":"23","author":"Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib71","series-title":"Core competencies reference manual for diagnostic radiographers to practice in Zambia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S416510","article-title":"Roles and responsibilities in the transition to working independently: a qualitative Study of recently graduated radiographers\u2019 perspectives in Australia","volume":"16","author":"Makanjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2017.05.013","article-title":"Informing radiography curriculum development: the views of UK radiology service managers concerning the \u2018fitness for purpose\u2019 of recent diagnostic radiography graduates","volume":"23","author":"Sloane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.102982","article-title":"Regulation of diagnostic radiography education and clinical practice: a comparative document analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and international guidelines","volume":"31","author":"Susiku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.12.008","article-title":"Implementing multimodality imaging in the future","volume":"9","author":"Chandrashekhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib76","unstructured":"Current employment practices and future preferences for multicredentialed technologists in Nebraska."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib77","first-page":"58","article-title":"An Africa point of view on quality and safety in imaging","volume":"13","author":"Kawooya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insight Imag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib78","first-page":"3","article-title":"Integration of computed tomography content in radiography curriculum","volume":"26","author":"Dutt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiolog Sci Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.12.005","article-title":"Radiography students\u2019 viewpoints of the clinical learning environment: a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib80","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effect of clinical placement on radiography students in Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Kyei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med Res Spec Issue: Radiogr Prac Situat Dev Count"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12186-021-09269-1","article-title":"Radiography students\u2019 learning during clinical placements: developing professional knowing in practice","volume":"14","author":"Lundvall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vocat Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib82","series-title":"Diagnostic radiography education: time for radical change?","author":"Sloane","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib83","series-title":"Imaging Oncology for Imaging and therapy professionals","first-page":"44","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities in educating the medical imaging practitioner workforce","author":"Sloane","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.675","article-title":"Australian graduate radiographers\u2019 perspectives and experiences of work readiness","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib85","author":"Ago"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221_bib86","first-page":"2464","article-title":"A 6-year audit of public-sector MR utilisation in the Western Cape province of South Africa","volume":"26","author":"Parak","year":"2022","journal-title":"SA J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Radiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817425003657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817425003657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1774414695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078817425003657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078817425003657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preregistration radiography education in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact assessment on graduate competence and employability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103221","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The College of Radiographers.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103221"}}