{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:59:14Z","timestamp":1791212354911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","radiographyonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:51:36Z","timestamp":1781344296000},"page":"103469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breast cancer patients\u2019 questions about radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini 2.5 flash"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8128-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Caetano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Carolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130107","article-title":"The role of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in rheumatology \u2014 it's time for integrative medicine","volume":"40","author":"Michalsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00717-2","article-title":"Current applications and challenges in large language models for patient care: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Busch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/55138","article-title":"Characterizing the adoption and experiences of users of artificial intelligence-generated health information in the United States: cross-sectional questionnaire study","volume":"26","author":"Ayo-Ajibola","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/68560","article-title":"Online health information-seeking in the era of large language models: cross-sectional web-based survey study","volume":"27","author":"Yun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12317-3","article-title":"Advances in personalized radiotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Manem","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tipsro.2024.100252","article-title":"Impact of patient information format on the experience of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Corish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.07.015","article-title":"Dermatologic toxicities associated with radiation therapy in women with breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Ramseier","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Women\u2019s Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.08.054","article-title":"Radiation dermatitis: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment 2006","volume":"54","author":"Hymes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31159","article-title":"The patient's perspective on breast radiotherapy: initial fears and expectations versus reality","volume":"124","author":"Shaverdian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S155538","article-title":"Women's experience of acute skin toxicity following radiation therapy in breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMDH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3747\/co.v17i4.493","article-title":"Prophylaxis and management of acute radiation-induced skin reactions: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Salvo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1734","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of acute skin toxicity among breast cancer radiotherapy patients","volume":"20","author":"Schnur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02705-3","article-title":"Assessing ChatGPT responses to common patient queries regarding basal cell carcinoma","volume":"315","author":"Trager","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10213-1","article-title":"ChatGPT makes medicine easy to swallow: an exploratory case study on simplified radiology reports","volume":"34","author":"Jeblick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084613","article-title":"A real-world data analysis of electronic health records to investigate the associations of predominant negative symptoms with healthcare resource utilisation, costs and treatment patterns among patients with schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100394","article-title":"Generative artificial intelligence through ChatGPT and other large language models in ophthalmology: clinical applications and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/51421","article-title":"Exploring the possible use of AI chatbots in public health education: feasibility study","volume":"9","author":"Baglivo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060887","article-title":"ChatGPT utility in healthcare education, research, and practice: systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns","volume":"11","author":"Sallam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.59400\/cai.v2i1.1378","article-title":"From bard to gemini: an investigative exploration journey through Google's evolution in conversational AI and generative AI","volume":"2","author":"Bin Akhtar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Artif Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.05.010","article-title":"Information needs and preferences of women as they proceed through radiotherapy for breast cancer","volume":"86","author":"Halkett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient Educ Counsel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-018-1329-5","article-title":"Information needs expressed during patient-oriented oncology consultations: quantity, variation, and barriers","volume":"34","author":"Ahamad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-2-43","article-title":"Validity and reliability testing of two instruments to measure breast cancer patients' concerns and information needs relating to radiation therapy","volume":"2","author":"Halkett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib23","first-page":"538","article-title":"Meeting breast cancer patients' information needs during radiotherapy: what can we do to improve the information and support that is currently provided?","volume":"19","author":"Halkett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2017.08.007","article-title":"Patients' experience of decision-making and receiving information during radiation therapy: a qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.745","article-title":"A multi-centre survey of New Zealand cancer patients' preferences for radiation treatment information","volume":"71","author":"Flockton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1188\/04.ONF.313-319","article-title":"Patients' need for information about cancer therapy","volume":"31","author":"Skalla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.12973\/ijem.8.4.625","article-title":"Number of response options, reliability, validity, and potential bias in the use of the likert scale education and social science research: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Kusmaryono","year":"2022","journal-title":"INT J EDUC METHODOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tipsro.2018.09.008","article-title":"Introduction to the ESTRO european qualifications framework (EQF) 7 and 8: benchmarking radiation therapist (RTT) advanced education","volume":"8","author":"Coffey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib29","article-title":"Testing and validating the cosine similarity measure for textual analysis","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSRN Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532","article-title":"A new readability yardstick","volume":"32","author":"Flesch","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib31","series-title":"Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel","author":"Kincaid","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib32","article-title":"A systematic review of large language model (LLM) evaluations in clinical medicine","volume":"25","author":"Shool","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Inf Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.971044","article-title":"Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: a systematic scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Morrow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24725","article-title":"End-of-life care patient information Leaflets-A comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence-generated content for readability, sentiment, accuracy, completeness, and suitability: ChatGPT vs google gemini","volume":"28","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib35","first-page":"371","article-title":"Can 40 seconds of compassion reduce patient anxiety?","volume":"17","author":"Fogarty","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15040497","article-title":"Performance of large language models ChatGPT and gemini on workplace management questions in radiology","volume":"15","author":"Leutz-Schmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.01.055","article-title":"In the shades of the uncanny valley: an experimental study of human\u2013chatbot interaction","volume":"92","author":"Ciechanowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib38","series-title":"Mastering communication with seriously ill patients","author":"Back","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib39","series-title":"Social support: a review","first-page":"190","author":"Taylor","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13077-1","article-title":"Assessment of the validity of ChatGPT-3.5 responses to patient-generated queries following BPH surgery","volume":"15","author":"Najdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/63677","article-title":"Assessing the quality and reliability of chatgpt's responses to radiotherapy-related patient queries: comparative Study with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4","volume":"11","author":"Grilo","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4630","article-title":"Quality of large Language model responses to radiation oncology patient care questions","volume":"7","author":"Yalamanchili","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib43","first-page":"705","volume":"vol. 13","author":"Akinleye","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-023-00347-0","article-title":"Can artificial intelligence improve the readability of patient education materials on aortic stenosis? A pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Rouhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.22275","article-title":"Readability and information quality in cancer information from a free vs paid chatbot","volume":"7","author":"Musheyev","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Radiography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817426001458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078817426001458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:50:22Z","timestamp":1791211822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078817426001458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078817426001458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Breast cancer patients\u2019 questions about radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini 2.5 flash","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiography","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2026.103469","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The College of Radiographers.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103469"}}