{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:03:15Z","timestamp":1784106195105,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]],"date-time":"2004-05-13T13:27:24Z","timestamp":1084454844000},"page":"287-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Loco-regional conformal radiotherapy of the breast: delineation of the regional lymph node clinical target volumes in treatment position"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ivessa M","family":"Dijkema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis P.J","family":"Raaijmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan J","family":"Lagendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan J","family":"Battermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berend","family":"Hillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00633-7","article-title":"Internal mammary node coverage: an investigation of presently accepted techniques","volume":"48","author":"Arthur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00123-6","article-title":"Variability of the location of internal mammary vessels and glandular breast tissue in breast cancer patients undergoing routine CT-based treatment planning","volume":"44","author":"Bentel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00485-5","article-title":"Variability of the depth of supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: is a posterior axillary boost field necessary?","volume":"47","author":"Bentel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB4","series-title":"The breast: comprehensive management of benign and malignant diseases","first-page":"856","article-title":"Halsted radical mastectomy","author":"Bland","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1148\/118.1.101","article-title":"Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy. The rationale, technique, interpretation and clinical application: a review based on 848 cases","volume":"118","author":"Ege","year":"1976","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01581-9","article-title":"The relationship between radiation fields and regional lymph nodes in carcinoma of the breast","volume":"50","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB7","series-title":"Gray's anatomy","first-page":"1605","article-title":"Cardiovascular system","author":"Gray","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(00)00202-4","article-title":"Selection and delineation of lymph node target volumes in head and neck conformal radiotherapy. Proposal for standardizing terminology and procedure based on the surgical experience","volume":"56","author":"Gregoire","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB9","series-title":"Diseases of the breast","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomy of the mammary gland","author":"Haagensen","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4853.61","article-title":"Invasion of internal mammary lymph nodes in carcinoma of the breast","volume":"1","author":"Handley","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02245-X","volume":"354","author":"Hojris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00504-6","article-title":"An improved technique for breast cancer irradiation including the locoregional lymph nodes","volume":"47","author":"Hurkmans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(00)00152-3","article-title":"Cardiac and lung complication probabilities after breast cancer irradiation","volume":"55","author":"Hurkmans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/028418600750013221","article-title":"Target volume definition and target conformal irradiation technique for breast cancer patients","volume":"39","author":"Kiricuta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s000660050013","article-title":"Variation in supraclavicular lymph node depth is partly determined by treatment position","volume":"176","author":"Klages","year":"2000","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00449-1","article-title":"Evaluation of a standard breast tangent technique: a dose\u2013volume analysis of tangential irradiation using three-dimensional tools","volume":"47","author":"Krasin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00183-4","article-title":"Potential gains for irradiation of the chest wall and regional nodes with intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Krueger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2212010247","article-title":"Definition of the supraclavicular and infraclavicular nodes: implications for three-dimensional CT-based conformal radiation therapy","volume":"221","author":"Madu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.3.r99jn40815","article-title":"Cross-sectional nodal atlas: a tool for the definition of clinical target volumes in three-dimensional radiation therapy planning","volume":"211","author":"Martinez-Monge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB20","series-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","first-page":"626","article-title":"The upper limb","author":"Moore","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB21","series-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","first-page":"983","article-title":"The neck","author":"Moore","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB22","series-title":"Atlas of human anatomy","author":"Netter","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB23","first-page":"48","article-title":"A multivariate analysis of en bloc extended radical mastectomy versus conventional radical mastectomy in operable breast cancer","volume":"77","author":"Noguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00049-8","article-title":"A three-dimensional CT-based target definition for elective irradiation of the neck","volume":"45","author":"Nowak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB25","series-title":"Diseases of the breast","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breast development and anatomy","author":"Osborne","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371401","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b Trial","volume":"337","author":"Overgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09201-0","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomized trial","volume":"353","author":"Overgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB28","series-title":"Atlas of topographical and applied human anatomy","author":"Pernkopf","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02760-2","article-title":"Postmastectomy radiotherapy of the chest wall: dosimetric comparison of common techniques","volume":"52","author":"Pierce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371402","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer","volume":"337","author":"Ragaz","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(88)90263-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy: implications for radiation therapy treatment planning for breast carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Recht","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB32","series-title":"The breast","first-page":"3","article-title":"Embryology and anatomy of the breast","author":"Rehman","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)04143-3","article-title":"Significant reductions in heart and lung doses using deep inspiration breath hold with active breathing control and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for patients treated with locoregional breast irradiation","volume":"55","author":"Remouchamps","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01835-1","article-title":"Analysis of axillary coverage during tangential radiation therapy to the breast","volume":"51","author":"Reznik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB35","series-title":"The breast: comprehensive management of benign and malignant diseases","first-page":"19","article-title":"Anatomy of the breast, axilla, chest wall and related metastatic sites","author":"Romrell","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB36","first-page":"79","volume":"65","author":"Saarnak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00738-0","article-title":"CT-targeted irradiation of the breast and internal mammary lymph nodes using a 5-field technique","volume":"48","author":"Scrimger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)04163-9","article-title":"Breast radiotherapy with inclusion of internal mammary nodes: a comparison of techniques with three-dimensional planning","volume":"55","author":"Severin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB39","first-page":"257","article-title":"The internal mammary lymphatic glands","volume":"52","author":"Stibbe","year":"1918","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(96)01804-X","article-title":"Optimizing radiotherapy of the internal mammary chain in breast carcinoma by scintigraphy","volume":"41","author":"Struikmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00463-0","article-title":"The modified tangential irradiation technique for breast cancer: how to cover the entire axillary region","volume":"46","author":"Takeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.111.1.130","article-title":"Significance of internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer","volume":"111","author":"Urban","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.6.1220","article-title":"Does locoregional radiation therapy improve survival in breast cancer? A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Whelan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814004000982?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814004000982?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T11:50:27Z","timestamp":1549713027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167814004000982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167814004000982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.02.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}}}