{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:47:01Z","timestamp":1774288021851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thegreenjournal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T11:18:50Z","timestamp":1522322330000},"page":"123-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["External beam radiation therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma involving inferior vena cava and\/or right atrium: A meta-analysis and systemic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Chai Hong","family":"Rim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chul Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Sik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Sup","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2016.01970","article-title":"Application of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in current clinical practice guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Rim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update","volume":"53","author":"Bruix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001","article-title":"EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0020","series-title":"NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology, hepatobiliary cancers","first-page":"c2017","author":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw133","article-title":"radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: new indications and directions for future study","volume":"108","author":"Ohri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i12.3100","article-title":"Role of stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Sanuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2008.09.030","article-title":"Extrahepatic collateral artery supply to the tumor thrombi of hepatocellular carcinoma invading inferior vena cava: the prevalence and determinant factors","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1730","article-title":"Combination of transarterial chemoembolization and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus","volume":"78","author":"Koo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.3.205","article-title":"New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors","volume":"92","author":"Therasse","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247132","article-title":"Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Lencioni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00060-C","article-title":"Toxicity criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC)","volume":"31","author":"Cox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0060","unstructured":"Health UDo, Services H (2009) Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 4.0. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute 4 (03)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2307\/3001666","article-title":"The combination of estimates from different experiments","volume":"10","author":"Cochran","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-015-0043-3","article-title":"Trans-arterial chemoembolization and external beam radiation therapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and right atrium","volume":"15","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.024","article-title":"Influence of tumor thrombus location on the outcome of external-beam radiation therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion","volume":"84","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn038","article-title":"Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava invasion","volume":"38","author":"Igaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780141","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/780141","article-title":"Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients unfit for resection, ablation, or chemotherapy: a retrospective study","volume":"2013","author":"Kouloulias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.53.486","article-title":"Radiation therapy for tumor thrombus in the portal vein or inferior vena cava in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Koyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Hepatol Jpn"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063864","article-title":"Effectiveness of stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein and\/or inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis","volume":"8","author":"Xi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0398-6","article-title":"The effectiveness of particle radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus","volume":"46","author":"Komatsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841001)54:7<1461::AID-CNCR2820540740>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"The natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma. A study of 100 untreated cases","volume":"54","author":"Nagasue","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290145","article-title":"Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trials","volume":"29","author":"Llovet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0130","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-259","article-title":"Surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava or right atrium","volume":"11","author":"Wakayama","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-008-9342-4","article-title":"Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava and right atrial tumors","volume":"31","author":"Chern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0145","first-page":"1567","article-title":"[Survival after sorafenib treatment for advanced recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava]","volume":"42","author":"Matoba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gan To Kagaku Ryoho"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-14-00133.1","article-title":"Recurrence-free survival of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient with tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava after treatment with sorafenib and hepatic resection","volume":"100","author":"Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2007.12.007","article-title":"The evolving role of radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Dawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.01.005","article-title":"Conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Tse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hys082","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis","volume":"42","author":"Rim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000239147.60196.11","article-title":"Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients for whom transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was ineffective or unsuitable","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.10.040","article-title":"Primary study endpoint analysis for NRG oncology\/RTOG 0813 trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for centrally located non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"94","author":"Bezjak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0180","series-title":"NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology, non-small cell lung cancers","first-page":"c2017","author":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2260","article-title":"A Randomized phase 2 study comparing 2 stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules for medically inoperable patients with stage i peripheral non-small cell lung cancer: NRG oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927)","volume":"93","author":"Videtic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.03.019","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma invading the portal vein: long-term patient outcomes","volume":"82","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1486","article-title":"The treatment responses in cases of radiation therapy to portal vein thrombosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.8.1014","article-title":"Prognostic index for portal vein tumor thrombosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiation therapy","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80259-7","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis in adults: pathophysiology, pathogenesis and management","volume":"32","author":"Valla","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9129-x","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism as the first manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava: Surgery or not?","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.657","article-title":"Pulmonary tumor embolism as a presenting feature of cavoatrial hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"119","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80448-9","article-title":"The natural-history of varices","volume":"17","author":"Burroughs","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040614","article-title":"Hemodynamic factors involved in the development and rupture of esophageal-varices \u2013 a pathophysiologic approach to treatment","volume":"6","author":"Polio","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.040","article-title":"Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC): an introduction to the scientific issues","volume":"76","author":"Bentzen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.1.1","article-title":"Traditional reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Blettner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030_b0245","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Levels of Evidence and Consensus for Recommendations. accessed Aug 21th, 2017. available at: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/development.aspx."}],"container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814018301270?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814018301270?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T21:42:18Z","timestamp":1540244538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167814018301270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167814018301270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"External beam radiation therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma involving inferior vena cava and\/or right atrium: A meta-analysis and systemic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiotherapy and Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}