{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:51:39Z","timestamp":1793407899807,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thegreenjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T01:52:46Z","timestamp":1653961966000},"page":"197-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"special_numbering":"C","title":["ESTRO ACROP guidelines for external beam radiotherapy of patients with uncomplicated bone metastases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Joanne","family":"van der Velden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Willmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Spa\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Oldenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kazmierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaus","family":"Andratschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Menten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hoskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0005","first-page":"53","article-title":"Metastatic and histologic presentations in unknown primary cancer","volume":"4","author":"Nystrom","year":"1977","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc867","article-title":"Metastasis to bone: causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Mundy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0015","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence \u2014 Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), University of Oxford n.d. https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/ocebm-levels-of-evidence (accessed March 30, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.10.015","article-title":"Incidence and treatment patterns of complicated bone metastases in a population-based radiotherapy program","volume":"118","author":"Tiwana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eva Oldenburger, Stephanie Brown, Jonas Willmann, Joanne M van der Velden, Mateusz Spa\u0142ek, Yvette M van der Linden, Joanna Kazmierska, Johan Menten, Nicolaus Andratschke, Peter Hoskin, ESTRO ACROP guidelines for external beam radiotherapy of patients with complicated bone metastases, 2022, oi: 10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.06.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.06.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2011.11.004","article-title":"Update on the systematic review of palliative radiotherapy trials for bone metastases","volume":"24","author":"Chow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2016.12.04","article-title":"Efficacy of single fraction conventional radiation therapy for painful uncomplicated bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Chow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.06.037","article-title":"Single vs multiple fraction palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases: cumulative meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Chow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.01.003","article-title":"Update of the systematic review of palliative radiation therapy fractionation for bone metastases","volume":"126","author":"Rich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2014.12.001","article-title":"A definition of \u201cuncomplicated bone metastases\u201d based on previous bone metastases radiation trials comparing single-fraction and multi-fraction radiation therapy","volume":"4","author":"Cheon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.1.8","article-title":"Oligometastases","volume":"13","author":"Hellman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.003","article-title":"Defining oligometastatic disease from a radiation oncology perspective: an ESTRO-ASTRO consensus document","volume":"148","author":"Lievens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30537-4","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in patients with oligometastatic cancers: a prospective, registry-based, single-arm, observational, evaluation study","volume":"22","author":"Chalkidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.101892","article-title":"Evolution of treatment strategies for oligometastatic NSCLC patients - a systematic review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Schanne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30718-1","article-title":"Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation","volume":"21","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.01.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the prognostic value of the ESTRO EORTC classification of oligometastatic disease in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: a retrospective single center study","volume":"168","author":"Willmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0080","unstructured":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC. E2-RADIatE: EORTC-ESTRO RADiotherapy InfrAstrucTure for Europe. clinicaltrials.gov; 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.09.008","article-title":"Early identification and intervention matters: a comprehensive review of current evidence and recommendations for the monitoring of bone health in patients with cancer","volume":"61","author":"Brodowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.12.012","article-title":"Strategies and technical challenges for imaging oligometastatic disease: recommendations from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group","volume":"91","author":"deSouza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.8","article-title":"Early detection of metastatic disease in asymptomatic breast cancer patients with whole-body imaging and defined tumour marker increase","volume":"112","author":"Di Gioia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0100","first-page":"2631","article-title":"Management of metastatic bone disease algorithms for diagnostics and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Jehn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.046","article-title":"EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II-2020 update: treatment of relapsing and metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"79","author":"Cornford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.003","article-title":"EAU-ESTRO-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent","volume":"71","author":"Mottet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v8","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv298","article-title":"Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Senkus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.08.009","article-title":"ESO-ESMO 2nd international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer (ABC2)","volume":"23","author":"Cardoso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw326","article-title":"Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Novello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0130","first-page":"741","article-title":"The diagnostic imaging of bone metastases","volume":"111","author":"Heindel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.10.012","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of imaging methods for the diagnosis of skeletal malignancies: a retrospective analysis against a pathology-proven reference","volume":"85","author":"Lange","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.10261","article-title":"Biopsy of suspicious bone lesions in patients with a single known malignancy: prevalence of a second malignancy","volume":"201","author":"Raphael","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-014-0401-4","article-title":"CT-guided bone biopsy in cancer patients with suspected bone metastases: retrospective review of 308 procedures","volume":"119","author":"Monfardini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B5.0820673","article-title":"Cytological diagnosis of skeletal lesions. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 110 tumours","volume":"82","author":"Wedin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0155","first-page":"632","article-title":"Strategy for identifying primary malignancies with inaugural bone metastases","volume":"62","author":"Alcalay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Engl Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00003","article-title":"Skeletal metastases of unknown origin. A prospective study of a diagnostic strategy","volume":"75","author":"Rougraff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2017.09.001","article-title":"The role of biomarkers in the management of bone-homing malignancies","volume":"9","author":"D\u2019Oronzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not318","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients","volume":"16","author":"Bollen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E155","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001192","article-title":"Predictive value of six prognostic scoring systems for spinal bone metastases: an analysis based on 1379 patients","volume":"41","author":"Bollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5320-3","article-title":"A systematic review of prognostic factors predicting survival in patients with spinal bone metastases","volume":"27","author":"Bollen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.9.JNS13788","article-title":"The accuracy of predicting survival in individual patients with cancer: clinical article","volume":"120","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679508995508","article-title":"Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Prognostication in 241 patients","volume":"66","author":"Bauer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0763-1","article-title":"Predictive value of seven preoperative prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases","volume":"17","author":"Leithner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27849","article-title":"A score to identify patients with metastatic spinal cord compression who may be candidates for best supportive care","volume":"119","author":"Rades","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000180401.06919.a5","article-title":"A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis","volume":"30","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00016","article-title":"Surgical strategy for spinal metastases","volume":"26","author":"Tomita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koswig S, Budach V. [Remineralization and pain relief in bone metastases after after different radiotherapy fractions (10 times 3 Gy vs. 1 time 8 Gy). A prospective study]. Strahlenther Onkol 1999;175:500\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s000660050061.","DOI":"10.1007\/s000660050061"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz101","article-title":"Systematic review of the role of stereotactic radiotherapy for bone metastases","volume":"111","author":"Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605546","article-title":"Tumour response interpretation with new tumour response criteria vs the World Health Organisation criteria in patients with bone-only metastatic breast cancer","volume":"102","author":"Hamaoka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0230","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Cancer (UK). Advanced Breast Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Cardiff (UK): National Collaborating Centre for Cancer (UK); 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.234260","article-title":"Molecular imaging of bone metastases and their response to therapy","volume":"61","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.07.002","article-title":"Monitoring the response of bone metastases to treatment with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and nuclear medicine techniques: a review and position statement by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group","volume":"50","author":"Lecouvet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.10.006","article-title":"Single fraction radiotherapy is efficacious: a further analysis of the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study controlling for the influence of retreatment","volume":"59","author":"van der Linden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13566-018-0363-6","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness of palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"van der Velden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2013_044","volume":"60","author":"Baczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860802488128","article-title":"Half body irradiation of patients with multiple bone metastases: a phase II trial","volume":"48","author":"Berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0265","first-page":"72","article-title":"Hemi-body irradiation in the palliation of disseminated malignancies","volume":"77","author":"Mill","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(86)90398-6","article-title":"Once-a-week lower hemibody irradiation (HBI) for metastatic cancers","volume":"12","author":"Nag","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90563-W","article-title":"A report of RTOG 8206: a phase III study of whether the addition of single dose hemibody irradiation to standard fractionated local field irradiation is more effective than local field irradiation alone in the treatment of symptomatic osseous metastases","volume":"23","author":"Poulter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(94)90411-1","article-title":"A comparison of the palliative effects of strontium-89 and external beam radiotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"31","author":"Quilty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820901)50:5<893::AID-CNCR2820500515>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"The palliation of symptomatic osseous metastases: final results of the Study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group","volume":"50","author":"Tong","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-330X.126513","article-title":"Hemi body irradiation: an economical way of palliation of pain in bone metastasis in advanced cancer","volume":"3","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.02.007","article-title":"Patients with a favourable prognosis are equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy: results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study","volume":"78","author":"van der Linden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.04.022","article-title":"Biological 18[F]-FDG-PET image-guided dose painting by numbers for painful uncomplicated bone metastases: a 3-arm randomized phase II trial","volume":"115","author":"Berwouts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0192","article-title":"Single-fraction stereotactic vs conventional multifraction radiotherapy for pain relief in patients with predominantly nonspine bone metastases: a randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.11.060","article-title":"Pain response after stereotactic body radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy in patients with bone metastases\u2014a phase 2 randomized controlled trial within a prospective cohort","volume":"110","author":"Pielkenrood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.382","article-title":"Radiosurgery compared to external beam radiotherapy for localized spine metastasis: phase III results of NRG oncology\/RTOG 0631","volume":"105","author":"Ryu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00196-0","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus conventional external beam radiotherapy in patients with painful spinal metastases: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2\/3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Sahgal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.04.030","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial evaluating pain response in patients with spinal metastases following stereotactic body radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy","volume":"128","author":"Sprave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2016.12.01","article-title":"Prophylaxis of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v232","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq194","article-title":"Guideline update for MASCC and ESMO in the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of the Perugia consensus conference","volume":"21","author":"Roila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0340","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): MASCC\/ESMO guideline for antiemetics in radiotherapy: update 2009","volume":"19","author":"Feyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.9.1960","article-title":"Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced emesis: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group phase III study","volume":"18","author":"Kirkbride","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.4685","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist with or without short-course dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of radiation induced emesis: A placebo-controlled randomized trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (SC19)","volume":"24","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k821","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k821","article-title":"Palliative radiotherapy","volume":"360","author":"Spencer","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2014.10.001","article-title":"Incidence of pain flare in radiation treatment of bone metastases: a literature review","volume":"3","author":"McDonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12823","article-title":"Pain flare-effect prophylaxis with corticosteroids on bone radiotherapy treatment: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Fabregat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00199-0","article-title":"Dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"16","author":"Chow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.05.007","article-title":"Dexamethasone for the prevention of a pain flare after palliative radiation therapy for painful bone metastases: the multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled 3-armed randomized Dutch DEXA study","volume":"108","author":"van der Linden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2017.04.08","article-title":"Should dexamethasone be standard in the prophylaxis of pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases?-a debate","volume":"7","author":"Niglas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahgal A, Whyne CM, Ma L, Larson DA, Fehlings MG. Vertebral compression fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e310-320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70101-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70101-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.1411","article-title":"Vertebral compression fracture after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy: a multi-institutional analysis with a focus on radiation dose and the spinal instability neoplastic score","volume":"31","author":"Sahgal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20756","article-title":"Dutch Bone Metastasis Study Group. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy","volume":"103","author":"van der Linden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.008","article-title":"Update of the international consensus on palliative radiotherapy endpoints for future clinical trials in bone metastases","volume":"82","author":"Chow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.10.080","article-title":"Effectiveness of reirradiation for painful bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Huisman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70556-4","article-title":"Single versus multiple fractions of repeat radiation for painful bone metastases: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"15","author":"Chow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2018.10.04","article-title":"External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for asymptomatic bone metastases in patients with solid tumors reduces the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs)","volume":"8","author":"Shulman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0420","unstructured":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. A randomized trial of early, upfront palliative radiation therapy versus standard of care for patients with highest risk asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic bone metastases. clinicaltrials.gov; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(03)00232-9","article-title":"Simple radiographic parameter predicts fracturing in metastatic femoral bone lesions: results from a randomised trial","volume":"69","author":"van der Linden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32487-5","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET): a randomised, phase 2, open-label trial","volume":"393","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00818","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for the comprehensive treatment of oligometastatic cancers: long-term results of the SABR-COMET phase II randomized trial","volume":"38","author":"Palma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.12.041","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes of oligometastatic patients after conventional or stereotactic radiation therapy to bone metastases: an analysis of the PRESENT cohort","volume":"107","author":"van de Ven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6259-z","article-title":"SUPR-3D: A randomized phase iii trial comparing simple unplanned palliative radiotherapy versus 3d conformal radiotherapy for patients with bone metastases: study protocol","volume":"19","author":"Olson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.11.026","article-title":"International consensus recommendations for target volume delineation specific to sacral metastases and spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)","volume":"145","author":"Dunne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.03.027","article-title":"Postoperative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spine metastases: a critical review to guide practice","volume":"95","author":"Redmond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-530","article-title":"Fractionated radiosurgery for painful spinal metastases: DOSIS - a phase II trial","volume":"12","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0465","unstructured":"University of Zurich. Dose-intensified Image-guided Fractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Painful Spinal Metastases Versus Conventional Radiation Therapy: a Randomised Controlled Trial (DOSIS RCT). clinicaltrials.gov; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1468089","article-title":"The use of a simultaneous integrated boost in spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy to reduce the risk of vertebral compression fractures: a treatment planning study","volume":"57","author":"van der Velden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0475","unstructured":"Canadian Cancer Trials Group. A Randomized Phase II\/III Study Comparing Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy(SBRT) Versus Conventional Palliative Radiotherapy (CRT) for Patients With Spinal Metastases. clinicaltrials.gov; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2947-0","article-title":"Comparing conVEntional RadioTherapy with stereotactIC body radiotherapy in patients with spinAL metastases: study protocol for an randomized controlled trial following the cohort multiple randomized controlled trial design","volume":"16","author":"van der Velden","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53921","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9767","article-title":"High dose and compartmental target volume may improve patient outcome after radiotherapy for pelvic bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Radiotherapy and Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814022041305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167814022041305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T05:23:59Z","timestamp":1759123439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167814022041305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S0167814022041305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ESTRO ACROP guidelines for external beam radiotherapy of patients with uncomplicated bone metastases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiotherapy and Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}