{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:29:13Z","timestamp":1773930553692,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032539","name":"Gedeon Richter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCT05232344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT05232344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004914","name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020989","name":"Gedeon Richter France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","rbmojournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive BioMedicine Online"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T23:19:55Z","timestamp":1752880795000},"page":"105166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sexual intercourse and vaginal absorption of progesterone (SexVAP): a cross-over randomized prospective pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1956-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemie","family":"Ranisavljevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Rolland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Lotierzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanchon","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Duraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brouillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Anahory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.08.022","article-title":"Progesterone levels on pregnancy test day after hormone replacement therapy-cryopreserved embryo transfer cycles and related reproductive outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Alsbjerg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90268-6","article-title":"Initial and steady-state pharmacokinetics of a vaginally administered formulation of progesterone","volume":"173","author":"Archer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.05.022","article-title":"Serum progesterone concentrations are reduced in obese women on the day of embryo transfer","volume":"45","author":"Bellver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.06.014","article-title":"Single and multidose pharmacokinetic study of a vaginal micronized progesterone insert (Endometrin) compared with vaginal gel in healthy reproductive-aged female subjects","volume":"94","author":"Blake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0005","first-page":"deae015","article-title":"Intra-individual variability of serum progesterone levels on the day of frozen blastocyst transfer in hormonal replacement therapy cycles","author":"Bourdon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.11.026","article-title":"Serum progesterone concentration and live birth rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfers with hormonally prepared endometrium","volume":"38","author":"C\u00e9drin-Durnerin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu052","article-title":"The role of seminal plasma for improved outcomes during in vitro fertilization treatment: review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Crawford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02960-6","article-title":"Endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer with or without pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist","volume":"77","author":"Dal Prato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00500","article-title":"Luteal Phase Support in IVF: Comparison Between Evidence-Based Medicine and Real-Life Practices","volume":"11","author":"Di Guardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(73)80013-1","article-title":"Recent studies in human coital physiology","volume":"2","author":"Fox","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1534952","article-title":"Low serum progesterone the day prior to frozen embryo transfer of euploid embryos is associated with significant reduction in live birth rates","volume":"35","author":"Gaggiotti-Marre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.03.001","article-title":"Factors associated with serum progesterone concentrations the day before cryopreserved embryo transfer in artificial cycles","volume":"40","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Foruria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-023-00218-y","article-title":"Impact of sexual intercourse on frozen-thawed embryo transfer outcomes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contracept. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.11.034","article-title":"The vagina as a route for systemic drug delivery","volume":"103","author":"Hussain","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex316","article-title":"Low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer is associated with a diminished ongoing pregnancy rate in oocyte donation cycles after artificial endometrial preparation: a prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Labarta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa322","article-title":"Impact of low serum progesterone levels on the day of embryo transfer on pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study in artificial cycles with vaginal progesterone","volume":"36","author":"Labarta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac030","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction and disorders as a consequence of infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Leeners","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.3.606","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of natural progesterone administered in the form of a vaginal tablet","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0019","first-page":"1996","article-title":"Vaginal pH Value for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Vaginitis","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn. Basel Switz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.103601","article-title":"Circadian serum progesterone variations on the day of frozen embryo transfer in artificially prepared cycles","volume":"48","author":"Loreti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac199","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with low serum progesterone levels on the day of frozen blastocyst transfer in hormonal replacement therapy cycles","volume":"37","author":"Maignien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.07.002","article-title":"Serum luteal phase progesterone in women undergoing frozen embryo transfer in assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Melo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/685281","article-title":"Sexual absorption of vaginal progesterone: a randomized control trial","volume":"2015","author":"Merriam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03192299","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of progesterone in postmenopausal women: 1. Pharmacokinetics following intravaginal administration","volume":"23","author":"Mircioiu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00329-4","article-title":"Peripheral progesterone (P) levels and endometrial response to various dosages of vaginally administered P in estrogen-primed women","volume":"68","author":"Pasquale","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55278-9","article-title":"Exogenous control of the cycle simplifies thawed embryo transfer and results in a pregnancy rate similar to that for natural cycles","volume":"58","author":"Pattinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3937","article-title":"Progesterone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with 3 dosages and 2 regimens of an effervescent micronized progesterone vaginal insert","volume":"99","author":"Paulson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.6.1176","article-title":"Transfer of cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos in a cycle using exogenous steroids without prior gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist suppression yields favourable pregnancy results","volume":"12","author":"Queenan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1090105","article-title":"Assessment of progesterone levels on the day of pregnancy test determination: A novel concept toward individualized luteal phase support","volume":"14","author":"Racca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.892753","article-title":"Low Luteal Serum Progesterone Levels Are Associated With Lower Ongoing Pregnancy and Live Birth Rates in ART: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses","volume":"13","author":"Ranisavljevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55978-0","article-title":"Oocyte donation in low responders to conventional ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization","volume":"59","author":"Remohi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2712","article-title":"Transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in artificially prepared cycles with and without prior gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist suppression: a prospective randomized study","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.08.005","article-title":"Cryopreserved embryo transfer in an artificial cycle: is GnRH agonist down-regulation necessary?","volume":"29","author":"van de Vijver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009154.pub3","article-title":"Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles","author":"van der Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000078842","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of natural progesterone vaginal suppository","volume":"58","author":"von Eye Corleta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.05.005","article-title":"Mid-luteal serum progesterone concentrations govern implantation rates for cryopreserved embryo transfers conducted under hormone replacement","volume":"31","author":"Yovich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"}],"container-title":["Reproductive BioMedicine Online"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472648325003736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472648325003736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:35:42Z","timestamp":1773920142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1472648325003736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1472648325003736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6483"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6483","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexual intercourse and vaginal absorption of progesterone (SexVAP): a cross-over randomized prospective pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive BioMedicine Online","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.105166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105166"}}