{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:37:41Z","timestamp":1792841861637,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011925","name":"European Society of Human Reproduction & Embryology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021851","name":"William Demant Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","rbmojournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive BioMedicine Online"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:11:39Z","timestamp":1786374699000},"page":"105898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of microchimerism in menstrual blood: a proof-of-concept study including 86 women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Egerup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilian","family":"Vomstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Behrendt-M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalie Dyhrberg","family":"Boje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie Sofie","family":"Eiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle Raupelyt\u00e9","family":"Reiersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Westergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie Dolores Holm","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Antonius","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Zedeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina la Cour","family":"Freiesleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8250-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid Marie","family":"Kolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette Svarre","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.07.004","article-title":"Evaluation of endometrial natural killer cell expression of CD4, CD103, and CD16 cells in women with unexplained infertility","volume":"117","author":"Aksu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0002","first-page":"hoad002","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss: an update in 2022","volume":"2023","author":"Bender Atik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0003","first-page":"166","article-title":"A combination of immune cell types identified through ensemble machine learning strategy detects altered profile in recurrent pregnancy loss: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Benner","year":"2022","journal-title":"F. S. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0465-z","article-title":"Genomic evidence of y chromosome microchimerism in the endometrium during endometriosis and in cases of infertility","volume":"17","author":"Bhat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0005","series-title":"National recurrent pregnancy loss guideline","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28077","article-title":"High male chimerism in the female breast shows quantitative links with cancer","volume":"133","author":"Dhimolea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0007","series-title":"Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Guideline of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X19884484","article-title":"Fetal microchimerism and implications for maternal health","volume":"13","author":"Fjeldstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082767hg","article-title":"Naturally acquired microchimerism","volume":"54","author":"Gammill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.82","article-title":"Microchimerism in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"11","author":"Gammill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility\u2020","volume":"38","author":"Romualdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww093","article-title":"Statistical Methods for Unusual Count Data: Examples From Studies of Microchimerism","volume":"184","author":"Guthrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2014.03.002","article-title":"Comparative analysis of NK cell subsets in menstrual and peripheral blood of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and fertile subjects","volume":"103","author":"Hosseini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.02.006","article-title":"Opposite effects of microchimerism on breast and colon cancer","volume":"48","author":"Kamper-J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12561","article-title":"Maternal HY-restricting HLA class II alleles are associated with poor long-term outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss after a boy","volume":"76","author":"Kolte","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh200","article-title":"A study of HLA-DR and -DQ alleles in 588 patients and 562 controls confirms that HLA-DRB1*03 is associated with recurrent miscarriage","volume":"19","author":"Kruse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00255.x","article-title":"Preconception peripheral natural killer cell activity as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in patients with unexplained infertility","volume":"53","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/19381956.2016.1218583","article-title":"Microchimerism of male origin in a cohort of Danish girls","volume":"6","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chimerism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp077","article-title":"Association of HY-restricting HLA class II alleles with pregnancy outcome in patients with recurrent miscarriage subsequent to a firstborn boy","volume":"18","author":"Nielsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq242","article-title":"H-Y antibody titers are increased in unexplained secondary recurrent miscarriage patients and associated with low male: Female ratio in subsequent live births","volume":"25","author":"Nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122613","article-title":"Women with recurrent pregnancy loss more often have an older brother and a previous birth of a boy: Is male microchimerism a risk factor?","volume":"10","author":"N\u00f8rgaard-Pedersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2022.104804","article-title":"The development of an indel panel for microchimerism detection","volume":"127","author":"Olsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des244","article-title":"Prospective assessment of fetalmaternal cell transfer in miscarriage and pregnancy termination","volume":"27","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07099-4","article-title":"Microchimerism of presumed fetal origin in thyroid specimens from women: a case-control study","volume":"358","author":"Srivatsa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-020-00001-2","article-title":"Bayesian statistics and modelling","volume":"1","author":"van de Schoot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det398","article-title":"Menstrual blood closely resembles the uterine immune micro-environment and is clearly distinct from peripheral blood","volume":"29","author":"van der Molen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.03.018","article-title":"Biopsy-free profiling of the uterine immune system in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and unexplained infertility","volume":"47","author":"Vomstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0009-6","article-title":"Analysis of menstrual effluent: diagnostic potential for endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402304","article-title":"Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy","volume":"340","author":"Wilcox","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0030","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.03.037","article-title":"Male microchimerism in women without sons: quantitative assessment and correlation with pregnancy history","volume":"118","author":"Yan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Reproductive BioMedicine Online"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472648326004396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472648326004396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:03:32Z","timestamp":1792839812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1472648326004396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1472648326004396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6483"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6483","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Detection of microchimerism in menstrual blood: a proof-of-concept study including 86 women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive BioMedicine Online","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105898","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Reproductive Healthcare Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105898"}}