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Essa patologia se apresenta como um desafio do ponto de vista de compreens\u00e3o da patogenia e tamb\u00e9m de escolha da estrat\u00e9gia de tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar o tema proposto quanto \u00e0 sua defini\u00e7\u00e3o, patogenia, aspectos cl\u00ednicos, diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento, e reunir todas essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es em uma \u00fanica publica\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira de car\u00e1ter de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Foram feitas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Cochrane Library com palavras-chave pertinentes ao tema, e foram escolhidos trabalhos atuais e de relev\u00e2ncia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Este trabalho permitiu reunir informa\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00e1ssicas e inova\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas \u00e0 osteomielite cr\u00f4nica e seu tratamento, e oferecer material de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o para auxiliar os profissionais envolvidos no tratamento dessa doen\u00e7a na tomada de decis\u00e3o terap\u00eautica.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1519394635000},"page":"627-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Osteomielite cr\u00f4nica p\u00f3s-operat\u00f3ria nos ossos longos \u2013 O que sabemos e como conduzir esse problema"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4345-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louren\u00e7o Galizia","family":"Heitzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayres Fernando","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliano Valente","family":"Lestingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinthya","family":"Cavazzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Dantas","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.12.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1053\/otor.2002.0000","article-title":"Osteomyelitis: a review of current literature and concepts","volume":"12","author":"Mast","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oper Tech Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.12.013_bib0230","first-page":"135","article-title":"Aspectos atuais do diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento das osteomielites","volume":"7","author":"Lima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"issue":"9431","key":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.12.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis. 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