{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1780304583259,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Revista Cl\u00ednica Espa\u00f1ola (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:13:47Z","timestamp":1777994027000},"page":"502566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding polymicrobial bloodstream infections: clinical and microbiological insights from a Spanish university hospital"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Causa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Santillana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08018-0","article-title":"The factors associated with the trend in incidence of bacteraemia and associated mortality over 30 years","volume":"23","author":"Garc\u00eda\u2011Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106352","article-title":"Revisiting the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and healthcare\u2011associated episodes: results from a multicentre prospective cohort in Spain (PRO\u2011BAC study)","volume":"58","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2011Crespo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.015","article-title":"Epidemiologic changes in bloodstream infections in Andaluc\u00eda (Spain) during the last decade","volume":"27","author":"Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez\u2011Crespo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0020","first-page":"519","article-title":"Unresolved issues in the epidemiology and diagnosis of bacteremia: an opinion paper","volume":"35","author":"Alonso\u2011Mench\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02642-5","article-title":"Characteristics, incidence and outcome of polymicrobial bloodstream infections: a nationwide population-based study, Finland, 2004\u20132018","volume":"54","author":"Kontula","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0030","first-page":"193","article-title":"Polymicrobial bloodstream infections: epidemiology and impact on mortality","volume":"1","author":"Poulakou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.10.001","article-title":"Bloodstream infection in adults: importance of health-associated infections","volume":"56","author":"Vall\u00e8s","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107774","article-title":"Polymicrobial bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study on clinical manifestations, co\u2011infection patterns, and survival outcomes","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185768","article-title":"A fresh look at polymicrobial bloodstream infection in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Royo\u2011Cebrecos","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01799-7","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of polymicrobial bacteremia: a retrospective, multicenter study","volume":"50","author":"Fukushima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.001","article-title":"Advances in the therapy of bacterial bloodstream infections","volume":"26","author":"Giannella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftac027","article-title":"Burden of bacterial bloodstream infections and recent advances for diagnosis","volume":"80","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3917","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S412669","article-title":"Microbiological analysis and mortality risk factors in patients with polymicrobial bloodstream infections","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0070","first-page":"2359","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of 125 polymicrobial bloodstream infections in hematological patients: an 11\u2011year epidemiologic survey","volume":"30","author":"Facchin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0075","series-title":"Principles and procedures for blood cultures; Approved guideline. CLSI document M47","year":"2007"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007","article-title":"Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections","volume":"137","author":"Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2885-4","article-title":"Polymicrobial pneumococcal bacteraemia: a case-control study","volume":"36","author":"Grau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.09.015","article-title":"Clinical predictors and outcome impact of community-onset polymicrobial bloodstream infection","volume":"54","author":"Yo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01759-19","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and impact of antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence","volume":"64","author":"Recio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae093","article-title":"A comprehensive predictive mortality score for patients with bloodstream infections (PROBAC): a prospective, multicentre cohort study","volume":"79","author":"De la Rosa-Riestra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Revista Cl\u00ednica Espa\u00f1ola (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2254887426000950?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2254887426000950?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T08:10:01Z","timestamp":1780301401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2254887426000950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2254887426000950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566","relation":{},"ISSN":["2254-8874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2254-8874","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding polymicrobial bloodstream infections: clinical and microbiological insights from a Spanish university hospital","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Revista Cl\u00ednica Espa\u00f1ola (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rceng.2026.502566","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rce.2026.502566","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. and Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"502566"}}