{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T20:03:21Z","timestamp":1760472201996},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T04:16:24Z","timestamp":1393560984000},"page":"383-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Neuroimaging of Vascular Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sangam","family":"Kanekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Poot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.2.447","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"54","author":"Rockwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2003.50004","article-title":"Vascular dementia","volume":"8","author":"Erkinjuntti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00305-3","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib4","series-title":"Principles and practice of geriatric psychiatry","article-title":"Epidemiology of dementia","author":"Ganguli","year":"2011"},{"issue":"Suppl V","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v35","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.082313","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"76","author":"Bowler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib6","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group","volume":"54","author":"Lobo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000109800","article-title":"Epidemiology of vascular dementia","volume":"14","author":"Hebert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib8","series-title":"Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch f\u00fcr Studierende und \u00c4rzte","first-page":"533","article-title":"Das senile und pr\u00e4senile Irresein","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1910"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91496-2","article-title":"Multi infarct dementia. A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly","volume":"2","author":"Hachinski","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib10","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"DSM-IV criteria American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250","article-title":"Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop","volume":"43","author":"Roman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000083050.44441.10","article-title":"Operational definitions for the NINDS-AIREN criteria for vascular dementia: an interobserver study","volume":"34","author":"van Straaten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070034011","article-title":"Risk factors for dementia associated with multiple cerebral infarcts. A case-control analysis in predominantly African-American hospital-based patients","volume":"50","author":"Gorelick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib14","first-page":"749","article-title":"Risk factors and mechanisms of post-stroke dementia","volume":"155","author":"Pasquier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2003.5","article-title":"Strategic involvement of cholinergic pathways and executive dysfunction: does location of white matter signal hyperintensities matter?","volume":"12","author":"Swartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"63","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib16","first-page":"91","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","author":"Erkinjuntti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0156-2","article-title":"Neuroradiological findings in vascular dementia","volume":"49","author":"Guermazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.9.1295","article-title":"How complex interactions of ischemic brain infarcts, white matter lesions, and atrophy relate to poststroke dementia","volume":"57","author":"Pohjasvaara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000155727.82242.e1","article-title":"The pathophysiology of watershed infarction in internal carotid artery: review of cerebral perfusion studies","volume":"36","author":"Momjian-Mayor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.11.2179","article-title":"Frequency and pathogenesis of hemodynamic stroke","volume":"25","author":"Bladin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.12.4.454","article-title":"Reversal of focal \u201cmisery perfusion syndrome\u201d by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: a case study with 150 positron emission tomography","volume":"12","author":"Baron","year":"1981","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib22","first-page":"772","article-title":"Cerebral ischemia and infarction","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Marks","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib23","first-page":"841","article-title":"Hyperacute cognitive stroke syndromes","volume":"248","author":"Ferro","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib24","first-page":"296","article-title":"Vascular dementia: a construct in evolution","volume":"8","author":"Desmond","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0185-2","article-title":"The enigma of vascular cognitive disorder and vascular dementia","volume":"113","author":"Jellinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000200959.50898.26","article-title":"Hippocampal sclerosis in Alzheimer disease and other dementias","volume":"66","author":"Attems","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.07.1820","article-title":"Subcortical vascular dementia","volume":"71","author":"Tomimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1161","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study","volume":"45","author":"Yoshitake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050463","article-title":"MRI of the brain in neurologically healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals","volume":"39","author":"Salonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.11.961","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Binswanger\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"Bennett","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.9.1061","article-title":"New insight into Binswanger disease","volume":"56","author":"Roman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.11.007","article-title":"Structural neuroimaging in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Vernooij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.06.023","article-title":"White matter lesions in the elderly: pathophysiological hypothesis on the effect on brain plasticity and reserve","volume":"273","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2644","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging identifies a subset of lacunar infarction associated with embolic source","volume":"30","author":"Ay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib35","first-page":"155","article-title":"Expanding lacunae causing triventricular hydrocephalus","volume":"93","author":"Vital","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050533","article-title":"Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study","volume":"40","author":"Adachi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022066","article-title":"Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline","volume":"348","author":"Vermeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.12.2384","article-title":"Silent brain infarcts in 755 consecutive patients with a first-ever supratentorial ischemic stroke. Relationship with index-stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and mortality","volume":"25","author":"Boon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1626","article-title":"Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease","volume":"55","author":"Fein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.9.885","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathies: a pathologic, biochemical, and genetic view","volume":"62","author":"Revesz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1249-3_9","article-title":"The spectrum of vascular disease in dementia. From ischaemia to amyloid angiopathy","volume":"487","author":"Weller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050590","article-title":"Amyloid angiopathy causing widespread miliary haemorrhages within the brain evident on MRI","volume":"40","author":"Good","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440506","article-title":"The phenotypic spectrum of CADASIL: clinical findings in 102 cases","volume":"44","author":"Dichgans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-1074-9","article-title":"Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: pathology, clinical implications, and possible pathomechanisms","volume":"110","author":"Attems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.6.699","article-title":"Hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis, Dutch type (HCHWA-D): clinicopathological studies","volume":"58","author":"Wattendorff","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00559.x","article-title":"The cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathies: hereditary and sporadic","volume":"16","author":"Zhang-Nunes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00451.x","article-title":"CADASIL: a common form of hereditary arteriopathy causing brain infarcts and dementia","volume":"12","author":"Kalimo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07142-2","article-title":"Skin biopsy immunostaining with a NOTCH3 monoclonal antibody for CADASIL diagnosis","volume":"358","author":"Joutel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004_bib49","first-page":"526","article-title":"Muscle and skin biopsies are a sensitive diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of CADASIL","volume":"246","author":"Mayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003383891300211X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003383891300211X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T17:41:30Z","timestamp":1716572490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003383891300211X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S003383891300211X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}