{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T14:49:34Z","timestamp":1762008574294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013017","name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-HL098445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL098445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T21:43:08Z","timestamp":1542404588000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Calcium Scoring for Cardiovascular Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"John Jeffrey","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"Mokdad","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"article-title":"The atlas of heart disease and stroke","year":"2004","author":"Mackay","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib2"},{"issue":"25\u00a0Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib3","first-page":"S49","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force\u00a0on practice guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib4","first-page":"S1","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315665","article-title":"Application of new cholesterol guidelines to a population-based sample","volume":"370","author":"Pencina","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib6","first-page":"2014","article-title":"Guidelines may double statin use","volume":"24","author":"Saint Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.9346","article-title":"USPSTF recommendations for assessment of cardiovascular risk with nontraditional risk factors: finding the right tests for the right patients","volume":"320","author":"Wilkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9624","article-title":"Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals","volume":"308","author":"Yeboah","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T","article-title":"Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography","volume":"15","author":"Agatston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.8.727","article-title":"Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults: implications for prevention from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study","volume":"281","author":"Strong","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1262","article-title":"Lessons from sudden coronary death : a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"20","author":"Virmani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2157","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study","volume":"92","author":"Rumberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib13","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Cinefluorography of coronary artery calcification. Correlation with clinical arteriosclerotic heart disease and autopsy findings","volume":"86","author":"Lieber","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy217","article-title":"Ten-year association of coronary artery calcium with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"39","author":"Budoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.5493","article-title":"Association of coronary artery calcium in adults aged 32 to 46 years with incident coronary heart disease and death","volume":"2","author":"Carr","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072100","article-title":"Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups","volume":"358","author":"Detrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2018.03.008","article-title":"CAC-DRS: coronary artery calcium data and reporting system. an expert consensus document of the society of cardiovascular computed tomography (SCCT)","volume":"12","author":"Hecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.3.7480756","article-title":"Calcification of coronary arteries: detection and quantification with double-helix CT","volume":"197","author":"Shemesh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02660.x","article-title":"Subclinical cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis are not inevitable consequences of aging","volume":"48","author":"Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761295","article-title":"Coronary artery\u00a0calcium measurement: agreement of multirow detector and electron beam CT","volume":"176","author":"Becker","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1242","article-title":"Reproducibility of coronary artery calcified plaque with cardiac 64-MDCT: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"192","author":"Budoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341040439","article-title":"Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"234","author":"Carr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2017.02.010","article-title":"Clinical indications for coronary artery calcium scoring in asymptomatic patients: expert consensus statement from the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography","volume":"11","author":"Hecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3022-8","article-title":"Impact of iterative reconstruction on CT coronary calcium quantification","volume":"23","author":"Kurata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.08.008","article-title":"Impact of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction on coronary artery calcium quantification","volume":"23","author":"Messerli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2009.10.002","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium scoring using a reduced tube voltage and radiation dose protocol with dual-source computed tomography","volume":"3","author":"Nakazato","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.3.9722864","article-title":"Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method","volume":"208","author":"Callister","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2432050808","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium: a multi-institutional, multimanufacturer international standard for quantification at cardiac CT","volume":"243","author":"McCollough","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15142062","article-title":"Association of coronary artery calcification and mortality in the national lung screening trial: a comparison of three scoring methods","volume":"276","author":"Chiles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib30","unstructured":"(MESA) M-ESoA. MESA CAC Tools and Calculators. 2018; MESA Risk Score, CAC Score Reference values and arterial age calculators. 2018, Available at: https:\/\/www.mesa-nhlbi.org\/CAC-Tools.aspx. Accessed September 11, 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.8359","article-title":"Risk assessment for cardiovascular disease with nontraditional risk factors: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"320","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4242","article-title":"Nontraditional risk factors in cardiovascular disease risk assessment: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"320","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838918301222?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838918301222?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:49:08Z","timestamp":1758502148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838918301222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838918301222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0033-8389"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Calcium Scoring for Cardiovascular Computed Tomography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}