{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T17:35:21Z","timestamp":1762018521124,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T18:26:03Z","timestamp":1573583163000},"page":"45-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Imaging of Acute Hepatobiliary Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"HeiShun","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer W.","family":"Uyeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib1","unstructured":"Weiss AJ, Wier LM, Stocks C, et al. Overview of emergency department visits in the United States, 2011: Statistical Brief #174. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006\u20132014."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2018.05.003","article-title":"Acute biliary disease","volume":"98","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.37549\/AR2271","article-title":"Infection, inflammation and infiltration","volume":"4","author":"Walshe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib4","series-title":"Gastrointestinal emergencies","first-page":"134","article-title":"Biliary emergencies","author":"Moparty","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W551","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4341","article-title":"Imaging of Biliary Tract Disease Owen","volume":"197","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.002","article-title":"Gallbladder dysfunction: cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and biliary dyskinesia","volume":"44","author":"Wilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2669","article-title":"Gallstones","volume":"348","author":"Gurusamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.3.3890007","article-title":"Real-time sonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. Prospective evaluation of primary and secondary signs","volume":"155","author":"Ralls","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W367","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4340","article-title":"Imaging of cholecystitis","volume":"196","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3640","article-title":"CT findings of acute cholecystitis and its complications","volume":"194","author":"Shakespear","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9993","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i34.9993","article-title":"Detection of gallbladder stones by dual-energy spectral computed tomography imaging","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-017-1548-9","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging of the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma for distinguishing acute and chronic cholecystitis","volume":"25","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25128","article-title":"Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating acute from chronic cholecystitis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181d18ef5","article-title":"Hepatobiliary scan findings in chronic cholecystitis","volume":"35","author":"Chamarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.02.012","article-title":"Acute calculous cholecystitis","volume":"39","author":"Barie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-014-1267-6","article-title":"Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill: risk factors and surgical strategies","volume":"400","author":"Treinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.1.6856839","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis: diagnosis by ultrasound","volume":"148","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170076","article-title":"Multimodality imaging, including dual-energy CT, in the evaluation of gallbladder disease","volume":"38","author":"Ratanaprasatporn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.03.022","article-title":"Differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis from wall-thickening type of gallbladder cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MRI","volume":"68","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2008.03.001","article-title":"Choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis","volume":"92","author":"Attasaranya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.296095514","article-title":"MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract","volume":"29","author":"Yeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"issue":"1061","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150804","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150804","article-title":"Emergency abdominal MRI: current uses and trends","volume":"89","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009691","article-title":"Current trends in the management of Mirizzi syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"May 2017","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.035","article-title":"Benign biliary diseases","volume":"93","author":"Bali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/824168","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"22","author":"Silveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.297095051","article-title":"Biliary infections: spectrum of imaging findings and management","volume":"29","author":"Catalano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2015.00036","article-title":"Hepatic echinococcal cysts: a review","volume":"4","author":"Pakala","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3197","article-title":"Hepatobiliary and pancreatic MRI and MRCP findings in patients with HIV infection","volume":"191","author":"Bilgin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.244035719","article-title":"The infected liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"24","author":"Mortele","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0168","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome: spectrum of imaging findings","volume":"188","author":"Brancatelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox014","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Von Kockritz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.19548","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis: imaging the spectrum of disease with an emphasis on MRI features","volume":"211","author":"Jha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.272055148","article-title":"MR Imaging of acute biliary disorders","volume":"27","author":"Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.9-1-43","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.07.041","article-title":"Biliary injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: why still a problem?","volume":"133","author":"Vollmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.331125044","article-title":"Management of iatrogenic bile duct injuries: role of the interventional radiologist","volume":"33","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-941442","article-title":"Complications of hepatic chemoembolization","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200105000-00013","article-title":"Ischemic bile duct injury as a serious complication after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.302095124","article-title":"Postoperative imaging in liver transplantation: what radiologists should know","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32022-8","article-title":"Post-liver transplantation medical complications","volume":"5","author":"Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065129","article-title":"Complications of liver transplantation: multimodality imaging approach","volume":"27","author":"Caiado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838919301101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838919301101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:51:51Z","timestamp":1758502311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838919301101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838919301101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0033-8389"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging of Acute Hepatobiliary Dysfunction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}