{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:51:43Z","timestamp":1790513503488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T06:39:41Z","timestamp":1600324781000},"page":"1099-1113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Imaging of Adrenal-Related Endocrine Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ceren","family":"Yalniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajaykumar C.","family":"Morani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Waguespack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Elsayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib1","first-page":"2923","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of the adrenal glands in cortisol-secreting tumors","volume":"31","author":"Lumachi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2006.02.031","article-title":"ACR appropriateness criteria on incidentally discovered adrenal mass","volume":"3","author":"Choyke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-016-0084-2","article-title":"(68)Ga-DOTATATE and (18)F-FDG PET\/CT in Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma: utility, patterns and heterogeneity","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2015.0035","article-title":"Standards of ultrasound imaging of the adrenal gland","volume":"15","author":"S\u0142apa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrason"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17290","article-title":"Cushing syndrome: diagnostic workup and imaging features, with clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"209","author":"Wagner-Bartak","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15318","article-title":"Comparison of quantitative MRI and CT washout analysis for differentiation of adrenal pheochromocytoma from adrenal adenoma","volume":"206","author":"Schieda","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib7","first-page":"1762","article-title":"Is the prevalence of Addison\u2019s disease underestimated?","volume":"84","author":"Laureti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.73.859.286","article-title":"The prevalence of Addison\u2019s disease in Coventry, UK","volume":"73","author":"Willis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804635","article-title":"Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency","volume":"360","author":"Bonstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310230091007","article-title":"Screening for adrenocortical insufficiency with cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH)","volume":"128","author":"Speckart","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70142-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency","volume":"3","author":"Bancos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib12","first-page":"470","article-title":"X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a frequent cause of idiopathic Addison's disease in young adult male patients","volume":"81","author":"Laureti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000079050.91337.83","article-title":"Analysis of MRI patterns aids prediction of progression in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy","volume":"61","author":"Loes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2002.21.1.97","article-title":"Sonographic appearance of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in utero","volume":"21","author":"Chambrier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2303021345","article-title":"Adrenal gland hematomas in trauma patients","volume":"230","author":"Rana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02048-6","article-title":"Adrenocortical hyperplasia: a review of clinical presentation and imaging","volume":"45","author":"Morani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.150.3.6695079","article-title":"Histoplasmosis of the adrenal glands studied by CT","volume":"150","author":"Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198208000-00016","article-title":"CT findings in Addison\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Doppman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02924072","article-title":"CT findings in Addison\u2019s disease caused by tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Sawczuk","year":"1986","journal-title":"Urol Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1148\/62.1.16","article-title":"Roentgenologic observations in Addison\u2019s disease: a review of 120 cases","volume":"62","author":"Jarvis","year":"1954","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.2.9536486","article-title":"Spectrum of CT findings in nonmalignant disease of the adrenal gland","volume":"18","author":"Kawashima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.2.311","article-title":"CT of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage with acute adrenal insufficiency in the adult","volume":"142","author":"Wolverson","year":"1984","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib23","series-title":"Clinical urography","first-page":"2399","article-title":"Miscellaneous conditions of the adrenals and adrenal pseudotumors","author":"Rumaneik","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.24si045514","article-title":"Adrenal masses: MR imaging features with pathologic correlation","volume":"24","author":"Elsayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.5.7991811","article-title":"State-of-the-art MR imaging of the adrenal gland","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000216112.15564.0c","article-title":"Primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma: 2 case reports","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00201711","article-title":"MR imaging of adrenal lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2799","article-title":"The incidental adrenal mass on CT: prevalence of adrenal disease in 1,049 consecutive adrenal masses in patients with no known malignancy","volume":"190","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.1998.92009","article-title":"Unknown primary cancer presenting as an adrenal mass: frequency and implications for diagnostic evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120110","article-title":"Evaluation of adrenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: use of delayed contrast-enhanced CT","volume":"266","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115572207","article-title":"Intracellular lipid in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus and metastases detected by chemical shift (in and opposed phase) MRI: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"57","author":"Moosavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.0506","article-title":"Intracellular lipid within metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the adrenal gland: a potential diagnostic pitfall of chemical shift imaging of the adrenal gland","volume":"187","author":"Sydow","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31824439ab","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of fat-containing adrenal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Tariq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib34","series-title":"Secondary hypertension: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment","first-page":"119","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis","author":"Young","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00013-0","article-title":"Use of plasma aldosterone concentration-to-plasma renin activity ratio as a screening test for primary aldosteronism. A systematic review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Montori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.76","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive review of the clinical aspects of primary aldosteronism","volume":"7","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib37","series-title":"Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","first-page":"2618","author":"Mulatero","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib38","first-page":"460","article-title":"Incidentally discovered adrenal masses","volume":"16","author":"Kloos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.051","article-title":"Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism","volume":"136","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0622-8","article-title":"Selective use of adrenal venous sampling in the lateralization of aldosterone-producing adenomas","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000096417.42861.ce","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism","volume":"12","author":"McMahon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.160.2.8424342","article-title":"CT in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: sensitivity in 29 patients","volume":"160","author":"Dunniek","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.5.1005","article-title":"CT of adrenal tumors: frequency and clinical significance of low-attenuation lesions","volume":"152","author":"Miyake","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596821","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins","volume":"198","author":"Doppman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.343130127","article-title":"From the radiologic pathology archives: adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in the adult-radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"34","author":"Lattin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2018.09.13","article-title":"CT and MRI of adrenal gland pathologies","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000134829","article-title":"Cushing syndrome caused by adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias (corticotropin- independent Cushing syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Stratakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.02.110227","article-title":"Cushing syndrome: maybe not so uncommon of an endocrine disease","volume":"25","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.FOCUS14704","article-title":"Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Bansal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000800004","article-title":"Screening and diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Castro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.3","article-title":"The role of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnostic localization of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Lad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0031","article-title":"The paradoxical increase in cortisol secretion induced by dexamethasone in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease involves a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effect of dexamethasone on protein kinase A catalytic subunits","volume":"4","author":"Louiset","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.08.002","article-title":"Cushing syndrome in pediatrics","volume":"41","author":"Stratakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01198","article-title":"Adrenal venous sampling for assessment of autonomous cortisol secretion","volume":"103","author":"Ueland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.242035092","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of the adrenal glands in ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Rockall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4547","article-title":"Adrenal imaging","volume":"194","author":"Blake","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0208-8","article-title":"Low yield of chemical shift MRI for characterization of adrenal lesions with high attenuation density on unenhanced CT","volume":"40","author":"Sebro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11389","article-title":"Characterization of lipid-poor adrenal adenoma: chemical-shift MRI and washout CT","volume":"202","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4583","article-title":"Characterization of adrenal masses with diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"197","author":"Sandrasegaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.1.9648789","article-title":"Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature","volume":"71","author":"Boland","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295095027","article-title":"Adrenal mass imaging with multidetector CT: pathologic conditions, pearls, and pitfalls","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2223010766","article-title":"Adrenal masses: characterization with combined unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT","volume":"222","author":"Caoili","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23601","article-title":"Adrenal MRI: techniques and clinical applications","volume":"36","author":"Siegelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0519","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical outcomes and prognosis of 330 patients at a tertiary care center","volume":"169","author":"Ayala-Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0047-y","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinomas: surgical trends and results of a 253-patient series from the French Association of Endocrine Surgeons study group","volume":"25","author":"Icard","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib66","series-title":"Primary adrenal malignancy. Husband & Reznek\u2019s imaging in oncology","first-page":"280","author":"Reznek","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5540","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: the range of appearances on CT and MRI","volume":"196","author":"Bharwani","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1751","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: contrast washout characteristics on CT","volume":"187","author":"Slattery","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.6.9821195","article-title":"Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance","volume":"18","author":"Outwater","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2010.0029","article-title":"Computed tomography of adrenocortical carcinoma containing macroscopic fat","volume":"10","author":"Egbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00200415","article-title":"CT and MR demonstration of fat within an adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Ferrozzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-004-0281-5","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma with fat inclusion: case report","volume":"30","author":"Heye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2010.06.013","article-title":"Managing incidental findings on abdominal CT: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee","volume":"7","author":"Berland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0467","article-title":"Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors","volume":"175","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.071","article-title":"Revisiting adrenal mass size as an indication for adrenalectomy","volume":"156","author":"Ballian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.4056","article-title":"CT findings of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease: rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Courcoutsakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981477","article-title":"Adrenocortical tumors, primary pigmented adrenocortical disease (PPNAD)\/Carney complex, and other bilateral hyperplasias: the NIH studies","volume":"39","author":"Stratakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.3.r00au40797","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: an uncommon cause of primary adrenal hypercortisolism","volume":"216","author":"Doppman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-004-5740-1","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma-associated syndromes: genes, proteins and functions of RET, VHL and SDHx","volume":"4","author":"Gimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib80","series-title":"Basic endocrinology","first-page":"370","article-title":"Adrenal medulla","author":"Goldifien","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02213-x","article-title":"Imaging features of adrenal gland masses in the pediatric population","volume":"45","author":"Hanafy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib82","first-page":"350","article-title":"Images of pheochromocytoma in adrenal glands","volume":"4","author":"McDermott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000193833.51108.24","article-title":"Detecting pheochromocytoma: defining the most sensitive test","volume":"243","author":"Guller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411153112007","article-title":"Current concepts: pheochromocytoma-diagnosis localization and management","volume":"311","author":"Bravo","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.16.2521","article-title":"Sensitivity of diagnostic and localization tests for pheochromocytoma in clinical practice","volume":"160","author":"Witteles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00155","article-title":"Review of pediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"5","author":"Bholah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2008-0043","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma: current approaches and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0695-x","article-title":"Re-evaluation of pheochromocytomas on delayed contrast enhanced CT: washout enhancement and other imaging features","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80252-8","article-title":"MR differentiation of pheochromocytoma from other adrenal lesions based on qualitative analysis of T2 relaxation times","volume":"52","author":"Varghese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.02.009","article-title":"Adrenal imaging: a comprehensive review","volume":"50","author":"Taffel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1500.1999.99047.x","article-title":"A\u00a0new observation of the Carney\u2019s triad, with long follow-up period and additional tumors","volume":"23","author":"Scopsi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib92","first-page":"56","article-title":"Clinical and genetic aspects of phaeochromocytoma","volume":"59","author":"Opocher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(05)70088-4","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma: special considerations in children","volume":"27","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.130911","article-title":"Androgen-secreting steroid cell tumor of the ovary","volume":"57","author":"Udhreja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2054-7099-1-7","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism in menopause: a case report and literature review","volume":"1","author":"Dolinko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.06.003","article-title":"DHEA, DHEAS and PCOS","volume":"145","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410133311502","article-title":"Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women","volume":"331","author":"Derksen","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib98","series-title":"Neoplasms of the adrenal cortex. Cancer medicine","first-page":"1563","author":"lack","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0324","article-title":"Sex steroids in androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors: clinical and hormonal features in comparison with nontumoral causes of androgen excess","volume":"159","author":"d\u2019Alva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01820.x","article-title":"Androgen suppressive effect of GnRH agonist in ovarian hyperthecosis and virilizing tumours","volume":"41","author":"Pascale","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.07.2010.3139","article-title":"Virilising ovarian tumour in a woman with an adrenal nodule","volume":"2010","author":"Rivera-Arkoncel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1440","article-title":"Approach to the patient: the adult with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"98","author":"Auchus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib103","first-page":"1837","article-title":"A\u00a0practical approach to hirsutism","volume":"52","author":"Gilchrist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.152764","article-title":"Feminizing adrenocortical tumors: literature review","volume":"19","author":"Chentli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838920301056?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838920301056?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:51:04Z","timestamp":1758502264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838920301056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838920301056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging of Adrenal-Related Endocrine Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.07.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}