{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T22:23:32Z","timestamp":1762035812197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T16:09:06Z","timestamp":1616515746000},"page":"425-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging of Neurologic Injury following Oncologic Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangam","family":"Kanekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Neurologic complications of chemotherapy and radiation therapy","volume":"21","author":"Nolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00159-X","article-title":"Randomized study of brachytherapy in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytoma","volume":"41","author":"Laperriere","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib4","first-page":"174","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of interstitial radiotherapy (RT) boost for newly diagnosed malignant glioma: Brain Tumor Cooperative Group (BTCG) trial 8701 (abstract)","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Onco"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197702)39:2+<873::AID-CNCR2820390725>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Radiation therapy of brain tumors","volume":"39","author":"Sheline","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv36377","article-title":"Malignant gliomas: MR imaging spectrum of radiation therapy- and chemotherapy-induced necrosis of the brain after treatment","volume":"217","author":"Kumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.012","article-title":"Neurologic Complications of Radiation Therapy","volume":"36","author":"Tanguturi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.10.015","article-title":"Cerebrovascular diseases in childhood cancer survivors: role of the radiation dose to Willis circle arteries","volume":"97","author":"El-Fayech","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257095.33125.48","article-title":"Moyamoya following cranial irradiation for primary brain tumors in children","volume":"68","author":"Ullrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib10","first-page":"1098","article-title":"SMART syndrome: a late reversible complication after radiation therapy for brain tumours","volume":"258","author":"Kerklaan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3602","article-title":"Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is not always completely reversible: a case series","volume":"34","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301143280203","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction after radiation for brain tumors","volume":"328","author":"Constine","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a67","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000341628.98141.B6","article-title":"Delayed radiation-induced myelopathy after spinal radiosurgery","author":"Gibbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265816.44697.b4","article-title":"Scholastic achievements of children with brain tumors at the end of comprehensive education: a nationwide, register-based study","volume":"69","author":"Lahteenmaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.4987","article-title":"Scholastic achievements of childhood leukemia patients: a nationwide, register-based study","volume":"25","author":"Harila-Saari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.4775","article-title":"Processing speed, attention, and working memory after treatment for medulloblastoma: an international, prospective, and longitudinal study","volume":"31","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.6053","article-title":"Phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation compared with observation in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: neurocognitive and quality-of-life analysis","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259853","article-title":"Vincristine neurotoxicity. Pathophysiology and management","volume":"1","author":"Legha","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1727-z","article-title":"Myelopathy following intrathecal chemotherapy in\u00a0adults: a single institution experience","volume":"122","author":"Cachia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-0983-3","article-title":"MRI in methotrexate-related leukoencephalopathy: disseminated necrotising leukoencephalopathy in comparison with mild leukoencephalopathy","volume":"45","author":"Oka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.03.039","article-title":"Long-term treatment with temozolomide in malignant glioma","volume":"21","author":"Mannas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072067","article-title":"Epigenetics in Cancer","volume":"358","author":"Esteller","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1617-9","article-title":"An algorithm for chemotherapy treatment of recurrent glioma patients after temozolomide failure in the general oncology setting","volume":"67","author":"Kyritsis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0776","article-title":"Identification of patients with recurrent glioblastoma who may benefit from combined bevacizumab and CCNU therapy: a report from the BELOB Trial","volume":"76","author":"Erdem-Eraslan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib26","first-page":"24","article-title":"Neurological complications of new chemotherapy agents","volume":"20","author":"Zukas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurooncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0739-z","article-title":"Stronger association of drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with biological immunomodulating agents","volume":"66","author":"Piccinni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc052954","article-title":"Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome and bevacizumab","volume":"354","author":"Glusker","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000326","article-title":"Bevacizumab and glioblastoma: past, present, and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4898","article-title":"Progressing bevacizumab-induced diffusion restriction is associated with coagulative necrosis surrounded by viable tumor and decreased overall survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"37","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0928","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features","volume":"29","author":"Bartynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0337","article-title":"Improving the efficacy of chemoradiation with targeted agents","volume":"4","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181349","article-title":"Imaging of cancer immunotherapy: current approaches and future directions","volume":"290","author":"Nishino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw558","article-title":"Neurotoxicity from immune-checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of melanoma: a single centre experience and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Spain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.013","article-title":"Neurologic complications of systemic anticancer therapy","volume":"36","author":"Ly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2012-000447","article-title":"Neurological immune-related adverse events of ipilimumab","volume":"13","author":"Bot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-703751","article-title":"Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: recognition and management","volume":"127","author":"Brudno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0619-4","article-title":"Current state of immunotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"McGranahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030586","article-title":"The current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neuro-oncology: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Brahm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"15 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14083","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.e14083","article-title":"A\u00a0phase 1, multicenter, open-label study of marizomib (MRZ) with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) in newly diagnosed WHO grade IV malignant glioma (glioblastoma, ndGBM): dose-escalation results","volume":"36","author":"Bota","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30517-X","article-title":"Rindopepimut with temozolomide for patients with newly diagnosed, EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma (ACT IV): a randomised, double-blind, international phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Weller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0003-5","article-title":"Current state of immunotherapy for glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1507-6","article-title":"First results on survival from a large Phase 3 clinical trial of an autologous dendritic cell vaccine in newly diagnosed glioblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Liau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib46","first-page":"274","article-title":"Heat-shock protein peptide complex-96 vaccination for recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II, singlearm trial","volume":"16","author":"Bloch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70274-2","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy with sitimagene ceradenovec followed by intravenous ganciclovir for patients with operable high grade glioma (ASPECT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"14","author":"Westphal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib48","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Durable complete responses in some recurrent high-grade glioma patients treated with Toca 511\u00a0+ Toca FC","volume":"20","author":"Cloughesy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41008-7_8","article-title":"Immunotherapy for neuro-oncology","volume":"1244","author":"Majd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e456","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30110-7","article-title":"Leukoencephalopathy and long-term neurobehavioural, neurocognitive, and brain imaging outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with chemotherapy: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"3","author":"Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib51","first-page":"327","article-title":"Prevalence of leukoencephalopathy and its potential cognitive sequelae in cancer patients","volume":"32","author":"Schroyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70107-4","article-title":"Subsequent neoplasms of the CNS among survivors of childhood cancer: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Bowers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003383892100018X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003383892100018X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:52:26Z","timestamp":1758502346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003383892100018X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S003383892100018X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0033-8389"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging of Neurologic Injury following Oncologic Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.01.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}