{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:06:20Z","timestamp":1785132380601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T18:52:01Z","timestamp":1651863121000},"page":"507-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pulmonary Infections in People Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Franquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9483","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67002-X","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for HIV: medical miracles do happen","volume":"366","author":"Gazzard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00003","article-title":"Natural history of opportunistic disease in an HIV-infected urban clinical cohort","volume":"124","author":"Moore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib3","first-page":"305","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California","volume":"30","author":"Centers for Disease","year":"1981","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328304b38b","article-title":"Rates of hospitalizations and associated diagnoses in a large multisite cohort of HIV patients in the United States, 1994-2005","volume":"22","author":"Buchacz","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2174\/157016209788680633","article-title":"The changing face of HIV\/AIDS in treated patients","volume":"7","author":"Llibre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800359","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00359-2018","article-title":"Increasing burden of noninfectious lung disease in persons living with HIV: a 7-year study using the French nationwide hospital administrative database","volume":"52","author":"Maitre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001292","article-title":"Respiratory disease trends in the Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study cohort. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group","volume":"155","author":"Wallace","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00200210","article-title":"Pulmonary infections in HIV-infected patients: an update in the 21st century","volume":"39","author":"Benito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2016.02.025","article-title":"Executive summary: prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: May 2015","volume":"34","author":"Iribarren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00137-X","article-title":"Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1578802","article-title":"Fungal, viral, and parasitic pneumonias associated with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"37","author":"Skalski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200105010-00006","article-title":"Pulmonary infiltrates in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era in Spain","volume":"27","author":"Benito","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01060-6","article-title":"Global strategies to prevent bacterial pneumonia in adults with HIV disease","volume":"4","author":"Feikin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-617OC","article-title":"Pneumonia in HIV-infected persons: increased risk with cigarette smoking and treatment interruption","volume":"178","author":"Gordin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100576","article-title":"Immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccination in HIV infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29-30","author":"Garrido","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00213501","article-title":"Imaging of pneumonia: trends and algorithms","volume":"18","author":"Franquet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00405-5","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography in acute diffuse lung disease in the immunocompromised patient","volume":"32","author":"Primack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.06.018","article-title":"Reliability of radiographic findings and the relation to etiologic agents in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"100","author":"Boersma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.03.029","article-title":"Patients admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia and normal chest radiographs: epidemiology, microbiology, and outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Basi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199607000-00019","article-title":"High resolution CT findings in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Tanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.2.8284408","article-title":"Pulmonary nodules and the CT halo sign","volume":"190","author":"Primack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00546.x","article-title":"Pneumococcal pneumonia in HIV-infected patients by antiretroviral therapy periods","volume":"9","author":"Saindou","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.3.9490962","article-title":"Radiologic manifestations of round pneumonia in adults","volume":"170","author":"Wagner","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90132-1","article-title":"Life-threatening \"round pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Soubani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1086\/313690","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The Grupo Andaluz para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Infecciosas","volume":"30","author":"Cordero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/38.5.881","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae isolated from sputum","volume":"38","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.151.1.6608117","article-title":"Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in the adult. Radiographic appearance with clinical correlation","volume":"151","author":"Pearlberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1010","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/48077494","article-title":"Radiological findings in acute Haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection","volume":"85","author":"Okada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1017","article-title":"Bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized patients with HIV infection: the pulmonary complications, ICU support, and prognostic factors of hospitalized patients with HIV (PIP) Study","volume":"117","author":"Afessa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.4.788","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infection","volume":"97","author":"Kaye","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00978.x","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Shadyab","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1148\/74.1.50","article-title":"Post-pneumonic pulmonary pneumatoceles","volume":"74","author":"Flaherty","year":"1960","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2006.08.004","article-title":"Thoracic infections in human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Aviram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331305","article-title":"Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Hirschtick","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12010107","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection in patients with AIDS, with emphasis on relapsing infection","volume":"12","author":"Domingo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.195.1.7892480","article-title":"Ventilator-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: radiographic findings","volume":"195","author":"Winer-Muram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-200201000-00007","article-title":"Spectrum of CT findings in nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"1020","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/54468236","article-title":"Thin-section CT findings in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection","volume":"85","author":"Okada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)01038-8","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: respiratory infections caused by Legionella bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1148\/127.3.577","article-title":"The chest radiograph in Legionnaires' disease","volume":"127","author":"Dietrich","year":"1978","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.141.2.263","article-title":"Clinicoradiographic correlation with the extent of Legionnaire disease","volume":"141","author":"Kroboth","year":"1983","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240680","article-title":"Radiological findings in nine AIDS patients with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Wicky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.08.010","article-title":"Thoracic infections in immunocompromised patients","volume":"52","author":"Ahuja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199501000-00010","article-title":"Pulmonary nocardiosis: CT findings","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Computer Assisted Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.101863","article-title":"TB-IRIS pathogenesis and new strategies for intervention: insights from related inflammatory disorders","volume":"118","author":"Cevaal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.11.002","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in immunosuppressed hosts","volume":"36","author":"Henkle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572559","article-title":"Mycobacterial lung disease complicating HIV infection","volume":"37","author":"Haas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451419","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: evaluation with CT","volume":"187","author":"Hartman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.01.007","article-title":"Other HIV-associated pneumonias","volume":"34","author":"Pupaibool","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.02.005","article-title":"Imaging infection","volume":"36","author":"Ketai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.12.007","article-title":"Imaging manifestations of thoracic tuberculosis","volume":"54","author":"Restrepo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.6.g99no101487","article-title":"Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: radiologic manifestations","volume":"19","author":"Erasmus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2074","article-title":"The many faces of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","volume":"189","author":"Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.03.018","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia suspected cases in 604 non-HIV and HIV patients","volume":"46","author":"Bienvenu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1671823","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in the twenty-first century: HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected patients","volume":"17","author":"Cilloniz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904293401701","article-title":"Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected adults treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. Swiss HIV Cohort Study","volume":"340","author":"Furrer","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ492","article-title":"Relevance of EORTC criteria for the diagnosis of invasive Aspergillosis in HIV-infected patients, and survival trends over a 20-year period in France","volume":"61","author":"Denis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01534.x","article-title":"HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12403","article-title":"The late-presenting HIV-infected patient 30 years after the introduction of HIV testing: spectrum of opportunistic diseases and missed opportunities for early diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Tominski","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1482-8336","article-title":"Radiological CT patterns and distribution of invasive pulmonary Aspergillus, non-Aspergillus, cryptococcus and Pneumocystis jirovecii mold infections: a multicenter study","volume":"193","author":"Obmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400280","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"41","author":"Zavala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.3.628","article-title":"Pulmonary cryptococcosis: localized and disseminated infections in 27 patients with AIDS","volume":"21","author":"Meyohas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix867","article-title":"Comparative epidemiology and outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), non-HIV non-transplant, and solid organ transplant associated cryptococcosis: a population-based study","volume":"66","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)83214-3","article-title":"Cryptococcal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Friedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200205000-00002","article-title":"Pulmonary cryptococcosis: CT and pathologic findings","volume":"26","author":"Zinck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Computer Assisted Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114529105","article-title":"Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of CT findings in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1086\/317452","article-title":"Aspergillosis among people infected with human immunodeficiency virus: incidence and survival. Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project","volume":"31","author":"Holding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.1.251","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive disease in AIDS: review of 342 cases","volume":"114","author":"Mylonakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl03825","article-title":"Spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis: histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings","volume":"21","author":"Franquet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.5.1015","article-title":"CT of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"150","author":"Kuhlman","year":"1988","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.37","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with AIDS. Clinical and radiographic correlations","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050682","article-title":"Imaging pulmonary disease in AIDS: state of the art","volume":"9","author":"Kuhlman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328348b2e1","article-title":"Imaging studies for diagnosing invasive fungal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients","volume":"24","author":"Marom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.3.321","article-title":"Endemic mycoses: a treatment update","volume":"43","author":"Lortholary","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib75","first-page":"335","article-title":"Endemic mycosis complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"164","author":"Sarosi","year":"1996","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"issue":"RR-4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-464","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of penicilliosis marneffei among patients with and without HIV infection in Northern Thailand: a retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Kawila","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2007.12.002","article-title":"Imaging infection","volume":"29","author":"Ketai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-003-0082-y","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus disease in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"5","author":"Drew","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib80","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Respiratory infection in the AIDS and immunocompromised patient","volume":"14","author":"Franquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.4.1811059","article-title":"Thin-section CT findings in 32 immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia who do not have AIDS","volume":"181","author":"Franquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11092149","article-title":"Imaging of pulmonary viral pneumonia","volume":"260","author":"Franquet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272306","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"327","author":"Porter","year":"1992","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.6.1249","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a French National Survey","volume":"23","author":"Rabaud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.184.3.1509069","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in AIDS","volume":"184","author":"Goodman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1887140","article-title":"Pharmacological considerations for the treatment of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWH)","volume":"22","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002423","article-title":"Outcomes among HIV-positive patients hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"85","author":"Karmen-Tuohy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3689","article-title":"Incidence and severity of COVID-19 in HIV-positive persons receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study","volume":"173","author":"Del Amo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2095","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1605","article-title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 related hospitalization among people with HIV in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterization Protocol (UK): a prospective observational study","volume":"73","author":"Geretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008_bib90","first-page":"e2005","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"73","author":"Boulle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838922000082?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838922000082?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:52:55Z","timestamp":1758502375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838922000082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838922000082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulmonary Infections in People Living with HIV","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.01.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}