{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:28:27Z","timestamp":1789687707732,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T13:19:52Z","timestamp":1654348792000},"page":"547-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Imaging of Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014Mineral and Bone Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"William Whitehouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulraiz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Kirwadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Matthew Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50007","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"41","author":"Coresh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"693","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20X708245","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the community using data from OxRen: a UK population-based cohort study","volume":"70","author":"Hirst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib3","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Correction. Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Blaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S196805","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Lanthanum Carbonate in the Management of Hyperphosphatemia in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"16","author":"Cernaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200301000-00009","article-title":"Musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal failure","volume":"15","author":"Bardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00803-2","article-title":"Role of the RANK\/RANKL\/OPG and Wnt\/beta-Catenin Systems in CKD Bone and Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"108","author":"Carrillo-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V12112511","article-title":"Role of calcium-phosphate product and bone-associated proteins on vascular calcification in renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.01.012","article-title":"Metastatic pulmonary calcification: state-of-the-art review focused on imaging findings","volume":"108","author":"Belem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701603","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/701603","article-title":"Treatment of severe metastatic calcification and calciphylaxis in dialysis patients","volume":"2011","author":"Goel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.01.025","article-title":"Various musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"68","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib11","first-page":"577","article-title":"Subperiosteal resorption of bone; a roentgenologic manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy","volume":"66","author":"Pugh","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1148\/118.2.315","article-title":"Subchondral resorption of bone in renal osteodystrophy","volume":"118","author":"Resnick","year":"1976","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200198","article-title":"Imaging Spectrum of Calvarial Abnormalities","volume":"41","author":"Khodarahmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.13.2.8460225","article-title":"Musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"13","author":"Murphey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib15","series-title":"Vitamin D","first-page":"975","article-title":"Chapter 54 - Radiology of Rickets and Osteomalacia","author":"Adams","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016160004","article-title":"Imaging Findings of Metabolic Bone Disease","volume":"36","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.9.974","article-title":"Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Histologic Patterns of Disease and Results of Parathyroidectomy","volume":"139","author":"Kebebew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib18","first-page":"124","article-title":"Bone scan in metabolic bone diseases","volume":"15","author":"Abdelrazek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.232025103","article-title":"Radionuclide bone imaging: an illustrative review","volume":"23","author":"Love","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/10.supp3.13","article-title":"Renal osteodystrophy: pathogenesis and management","volume":"10","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib21","article-title":"Adynamic bone disease: Revisited","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nefrologia (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.043","article-title":"Differentiating the causes of adynamic bone in advanced chronic kidney disease informs osteoporosis treatment","volume":"100","author":"Haarhaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/snep.2002.35965","article-title":"Renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure","volume":"22","author":"Ho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Adynamic bone disease-bone and beyond","volume":"1","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2008","journal-title":"NDT Plus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193817","article-title":"Solitary, spontaneous cervical and large bone fractures in aluminum osteodystrophy","volume":"20","author":"Sundaram","year":"1991","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.2.3602376","article-title":"Aluminum toxicity in patients undergoing dialysis: radiographic findings and prediction of bone biopsy results","volume":"164","author":"Kriegshauser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00874-9","article-title":"Bone Histomorphometry and (18)F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: Comparison Between only Bone Turnover-based and Unified TMV-based Classification of Renal Osteodystrophy","author":"Aaltonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12598","article-title":"Imaging in Chronic Kidney Disease-Metabolic Bone Disease","volume":"30","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007080854","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Moe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003226","article-title":"Bone Mineral Density and Aortic Calcification: Evidence for a Bone-vascular Axis After Kidney Transplantation","volume":"105","author":"Sotomayor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00375.x","article-title":"Calciphylaxis is usually non-ulcerating: risk factors, outcome and therapy","volume":"61","author":"Fine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202903","article-title":"Use of Intravenous Gadolinium-based Contrast Media in Patients with Kidney Disease: Consensus Statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation","volume":"298","author":"Weinreb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6661042","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6661042","article-title":"Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy: A Case Series and Review from an Inner-City Tertiary University Center in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy","volume":"2021","author":"Omer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.263055099","article-title":"Tumoral calcinosis: pearls, polemics, and alternative possibilities","volume":"26","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198402000-00015","article-title":"Computed tomography in soft tissue calcification layering","volume":"8","author":"Gordon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib36","first-page":"e1113","article-title":"Multimodality Imaging of Calcinosis of Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"9","author":"Loya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20793","article-title":"Tumoral calcinosis: sonographic sedimentation sign","volume":"39","author":"Chakarun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.04.006","article-title":"Metastatic pulmonary calcification: First report of pulmonary calcium suppression using dual-energy CT","volume":"15","author":"Fehrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.158546","article-title":"Pulmonary calcification in renal failure patient incidentally revealed by bone scintigraphy","volume":"30","author":"Sellem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091627","article-title":"Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Detected on 18F-FDG PET\/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan","volume":"11","author":"Cheon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4141","article-title":"Incidence of Fractures Before and After Dialysis Initiation","volume":"35","author":"Iseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115554","article-title":"Fractures after kidney transplantation: Incidence, predictors, and association with mortality","volume":"140","author":"Iseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186846","article-title":"Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systemic Review","volume":"21","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00779-z","article-title":"Bone Fragility Fractures in CKD Patients","volume":"108","author":"Pimentel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa192","article-title":"European Consensus Statement on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease stages G4-G5D","volume":"36","author":"Evenepoel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00781-5","article-title":"The Non-invasive Diagnosis of Bone Disorders in CKD","volume":"108","author":"Bover","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00777-1","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorders: Pathogenesis and Management","volume":"108","author":"Cannata-Andia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838922000276?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838922000276?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:52:08Z","timestamp":1758502328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838922000276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838922000276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging of Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014Mineral and Bone Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}