{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1777542682710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T07:28:34Z","timestamp":1751614114000},"page":"107-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Imaging Insights into Perineural Tumor Spread"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Reve","family":"Chahine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemant","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohannad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Rivas","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16142514","article-title":"The prognostic role of perineural invasion for survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2019.1655167","article-title":"Perineural invasion as a prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib3","series-title":"Hamilton BLKSV and PRC. Diagnostic imaging: head and neck. Vol 1. Fourth","author":"Bronwyn","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318067b8eb","article-title":"Imaging nuances of perineural spread of head and neck malignancies","volume":"27","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2008.02.002","article-title":"MRI of the cranial nerves-more than meets the eye: technical considerations and advanced anatomy","volume":"18","author":"Casselman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.10.019","article-title":"Perineural invasion of the major and minor nerves in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","volume":"140","author":"Chiril\u0103 MDBS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2011.11.004","article-title":"Skin carcinoma of the head and neck with perineural invasion","volume":"33","author":"Balamucki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2009.07.001","article-title":"Perineural invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: a valid prognostic indicator?","volume":"45","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.01.018","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of perineural invasion and vascular invasion in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib10","author":"Zettersten"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(96)01122-9","article-title":"Perineural tumor extension along the trigeminal nerve: resonance imaging findings","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.336135501","article-title":"Perineural spread in head and neck malignancies: clinical significance and evaluation with 18F-FDG PET\/CT","volume":"33","author":"Paes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.18625","article-title":"Persisting facial nerve palsy or trigeminal neuralgia \u2013 red flags for perineural spread of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC)","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2016.08.006","article-title":"Imaging of perineural spread in head and neck cancer","volume":"55","author":"Badger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.08.014","article-title":"Clinical perineural invasion of cutaneous head and neck cancer: impact of radiotherapy, imaging, and nerve growth factor receptors on symptom control and prognosis","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib16","article-title":"Integrating clinical and genetic analysis of perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817750354","article-title":"Is perineural invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas linked to tobacco consumption?","volume":"158","author":"Baumeister","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.10.004","article-title":"Perineural growth in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a review","volume":"51","author":"Roh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86801","article-title":"Cancer\u2019s got nerve: Schwann cells drive perineural invasion","volume":"126","author":"Azam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.700","article-title":"MRI sequence optimisation methods to identify cranial nerve course for radiotherapy planning","volume":"70","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2020.0039","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in congenital, traumatic, and vascular diseases: a pictorial essay","volume":"54","author":"Dalaqua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0719-5","article-title":"Imaging of cranial nerves: a pictorial overview","volume":"10","author":"Romano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2013.03.021","article-title":"High-resolution ciss mr imaging with and without contrast for evaluation of the upper cranial nerves. segmental anatomy and selected pathologic conditions of the cisternal through extraforaminal segments","volume":"24","author":"Blitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0672-8","article-title":"Easily detected signs of perineural tumour spread in head and neck cancer","volume":"9","author":"Dankbaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14010113","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting the perineural spread of head and neck tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Abdullaeva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230099","article-title":"Posttreatment head and neck cancer imaging: anatomic considerations based on cancer subsites","volume":"44","author":"Hiyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571840","article-title":"The imaging of large nerve perineural spread","volume":"77","author":"Gandhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.09.021","article-title":"ACR appropriateness Criteria\u00ae cranial neuropathy: 2022 update","volume":"19","author":"Rath","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5063-x","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET, CT, and MRI in perineural spread of head and neck malignancies","volume":"28","author":"Dercle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.214312","article-title":"An imager\u2019s guide to perineural tumor spread in head and neck cancers: radiologic footprints on 18 F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI correlates","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.07.010","article-title":"Perineural tumour spread in head and neck cancer: a pictorial review","volume":"79","author":"Doran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1128","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210099","article-title":"PICTORIAL REVIEW mimics of perineural tumor spread in the head and neck","volume":"94","author":"Tanwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.12.009","article-title":"Perineural invasion and perineural tumor spread in head and neck cancer","volume":"103","author":"Bakst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.06.037","article-title":"Value of diffusion MR imaging in differentiation of recurrent head and neck malignancies from post treatment changes","volume":"96","author":"Jajodia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"1164","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae207","article-title":"Comprehensive review of post-treatment imaging in head and neck cancers: from expected to unexpected and beyond","volume":"97","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib36","article-title":"Post-treatment benign changes versus recurrence in non-lymphoid head and neck malignancies: can diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging end up the diagnostic challenge?","volume":"51","author":"Serour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571836","article-title":"Postoperative imaging and surveillance in large nerve perineural spread","volume":"77","author":"Sommerville","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-024-00678-8","article-title":"Assessment of perineural spread in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas treated with immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29953","article-title":"Clinical perineural invasion and immunotherapy for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838925000612?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838925000612?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T17:25:40Z","timestamp":1766510740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838925000612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838925000612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imaging Insights into Perineural Tumor Spread","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}