{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:01:39Z","timestamp":1780347699013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:15:29Z","timestamp":1778188529000},"page":"735-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skull Base, Bone, Pituitary\u2014Regions around Orbit that Affect Vision"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Houk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.5.0631","article-title":"Visual function following optic canal decompression via craniotomy","volume":"62","author":"Guyer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib2","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Compressive optic neuropathy","author":"Hall","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02772-1","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling for head and neck lesion assessment: technical adjustments and clinical applications","volume":"63","author":"Martin-Noguerol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2025.05.004","article-title":"Central skull base neoplasms","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2015.03.012","article-title":"Chordomas: a review","volume":"26","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73531-7","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base","volume":"115","author":"Volpe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3333","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI: distinction of skull base chordoma from chondrosarcoma","volume":"34","author":"Yeom","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.08.027","article-title":"Solitary plasmacytoma of the skull base: a case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Mansouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol Case Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib9","article-title":"Plasmacytoma of the skull-base: a rare tumor","volume":"10","author":"Siyag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib10","first-page":"389","article-title":"Craniocerebral plasmacytoma: MR features","volume":"18","author":"Provenzale","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2010.08.005","article-title":"Management of skull base metastases","volume":"22","author":"Chamoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2020.06.013","article-title":"Management of skull base metastases","volume":"31","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-02986-x","article-title":"A practical overview of CT and MRI features of developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions of the sphenoid body and clivus","volume":"64","author":"Nardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4354","article-title":"Ninth version of the AJCC and UICC nasopharyngeal cancer TNM staging classification","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6954","article-title":"MRI and CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"198","author":"Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5493","article-title":"MR imaging criteria for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: discrimination of early-stage primary tumors from benign hyperplasia","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2023.11.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818773994","article-title":"Primary skull base lymphoma: manifestations and clinical outcomes of a great imitator","volume":"159","author":"Marinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.11.096","article-title":"Primary diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma of the clivus: systematic review and illustrative case example","volume":"194","author":"Evans","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00973-0","article-title":"Hypopituitarism and cranial nerve involvement mimicking Tolosa-Hunt syndrome as the initially presenting feature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib21","article-title":"Primary skull base lymphoma presenting with ipsilateral abducens nerve palsy: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Schuster Bruce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.08.067","article-title":"Primary lymphoma of the skull base: a case report","volume":"46","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_421_2024","article-title":"Neuroanatomical insights into neuro-ophthalmic presentations of skull base meningiomas: pathways to precision medicine - a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mohammad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107508","article-title":"Factors associated with favorable visual outcome after surgery of clinoidal meningiomas","volume":"223","author":"Leclerc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5444","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas: a review","volume":"329","author":"Tritos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(98)00047-X","article-title":"Cerebral aneurysms causing visual symptoms: their features and surgical outcome","volume":"100","author":"Date","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.12.1053","article-title":"Giant aneurysms of the carotid system presenting as visual field defect","volume":"43","author":"Peiris","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874415583117","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmological emergencies","volume":"5","author":"Lemos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000782","article-title":"Acute isolated sixth nerve palsy caused by unruptured intradural saccular aneurysm","volume":"39","author":"Walter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1892252","article-title":"Triad of hypovitaminosis A, hyperostosis, and optic neuropathy in males with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"25","author":"Godfrey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.06.004","article-title":"Fibrous dysplasia of the sphenoid and skull base","volume":"44","author":"Amit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.6","article-title":"Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Rahman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.3.7863893","article-title":"Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: imaging findings","volume":"164","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050456","article-title":"Computed tomography of Paget disease of the skull versus fibrous dysplasia","volume":"27","author":"Tehranzadeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400292","article-title":"Fibrous dysplasia, paget's disease of bone, and other uncommon sclerotic bone lesions of the craniofacial bones","volume":"24","author":"Van de Voorde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Muscoskel Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.6.1821389","article-title":"Imaging findings of fibrous dysplasia with histopathologic and intraoperative correlation","volume":"182","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Radiologic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838926000448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033838926000448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:15:13Z","timestamp":1780344913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033838926000448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033838926000448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8389","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Skull Base, Bone, Pituitary\u2014Regions around Orbit that Affect Vision","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiologic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2026.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}