{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T20:37:17Z","timestamp":1787344637181,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,12]],"date-time":"2008-03-12T14:37:26Z","timestamp":1205332646000},"page":"181-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["The Heart in Scleroderma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hunter C.","family":"Champion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01892189","article-title":"Uber ein eigenartiges Krankheitsbild von deiffuser Sklerosis der haut and innerer organe","volume":"262","author":"Heine","year":"1926","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1943.00210060010002","article-title":"Scleroderma heart disease, with a consideration of certain other visceral manifestations of scleroderma","volume":"71","author":"Weiss","year":"1943","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib3","first-page":"843","article-title":"Clinical aspects of localized and systemic sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Clements","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70304-5","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in scleroderma","volume":"22","author":"Deswal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780281110","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac dysrhythmias, and their relationship with multisystemic symptoms, in progressive systemic sclerosis patients","volume":"28","author":"Ferri","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-2806(86)90022-8","article-title":"The cardiovascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"11","author":"Follansbee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90008-7","article-title":"The electrocardiogram in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Study of 102 consecutive cases with functional correlations and review of the literature","volume":"79","author":"Follansbee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib8","first-page":"656","article-title":"A controlled clinicopathologic study of myocardial fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"17","author":"Follansbee","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.53.3.483","article-title":"Myocardial lesions of progressive systemic sclerosis. A cause of cardiac dysfunction","volume":"53","author":"Bulkley","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90297-1","article-title":"Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death with normal coronary arteries: a clinicopathologic study of 9 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Bulkley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90044-8","article-title":"Pathologic observations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). A study of fifty-eight autopsy cases and fifty-eight matched controls","volume":"46","author":"D'Angelo","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90008-4","article-title":"Pericardial disease in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)","volume":"57","author":"McWhorter","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-5-661","article-title":"Reversible cold-induced abnormalities in myocardial perfusion and function in systemic sclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401193100302","article-title":"Physiologic abnormalities of cardiac function in progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma","volume":"310","author":"Follansbee","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92088-6","article-title":"Cold-induced reversible myocardial ischaemia in systemic sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.9.718","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effect of dipyridamole on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma","volume":"45","author":"Kahan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib17","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Nicardipine improves myocardial perfusion in systemic sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Kahan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605293142201","article-title":"Nifedipine and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"314","author":"Kahan","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1990.61","article-title":"The effect of captopril on thallium 201 myocardial perfusion in systemic sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Kahan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280607","article-title":"Decreased coronary reserve in primary scleroderma myocardial disease","volume":"28","author":"Kahan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199002000-00011","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effect of nicardipine on left ventricular function in systemic sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Kahan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90478-9","article-title":"Echocardiographic features of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Correlation with hemodynamic and postmortem studies","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0074","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and related disorders: clinical aspects","volume":"14","author":"Clements","year":"2000","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(94)90331-X","article-title":"Heart involvement in systemic sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Clements","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(73)90054-4","article-title":"Survival with scleroderma. II. A life-table analysis of clinical and demographic factors in 358 male U.S. veteran patients","volume":"26","author":"Medsger","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22069","article-title":"Clinical differences between idiopathic and scleroderma-related pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-547OC","article-title":"Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"174","author":"Forfia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390421","article-title":"Thallium perfusion defects predict subsequent cardiac dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Steen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-34-1-226","article-title":"Generalized scleroderma; report with autopsy findings","volume":"34","author":"Leinwand","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-41-5-1003","article-title":"Scleroderma; based on a study of over 150 cases","volume":"41","author":"Leinwand","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(66)90246-3","article-title":"The heart in scleroderma","volume":"17","author":"Sackner","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib32","first-page":"997","article-title":"Severe myositis and myocarditis in progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Carette","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90075-K","article-title":"Cardiac and skeletal muscle disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): a high risk association","volume":"125","author":"Follansbee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.10.983","article-title":"Left ventricular function in scleroderma","volume":"35","author":"Armstrong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.7.455","article-title":"Diastolic abnormalities in systemic sclerosis: evidence for associated defective cardiac functional reserve","volume":"55","author":"Valentini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib36","first-page":"183","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis detected by gated myocardial perfusion SPECT: an early sign of cardiac involvement","volume":"42","author":"Nakajima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib37","first-page":"257","article-title":"Heart structure and function in systemic sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Plazak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02938351","article-title":"Right ventricular failure complicating heart failure: pathophysiology, significance, and management strategies","volume":"9","author":"Mahmud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02111-4","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"352","author":"Gaine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000174443","article-title":"Right ventricular function in cor pulmonale","volume":"75","author":"MacNee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.49.255","article-title":"Behavior of the right ventricle against pressure loading: on its plasticity","volume":"49","author":"Nakamura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701093360207","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"336","author":"Rubin","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200403060-00002","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"3","author":"Ramirez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib44","first-page":"263","volume":"55","author":"Badui","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Inst Cardiol Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199611000-00011","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon and other features of scleroderma, including pulmonary hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Wigley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21131","article-title":"The prevalence of undiagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension in subjects with connective tissue disease at the secondary health care level of community-based rheumatologists (the UNCOVER study)","volume":"52","author":"Wigley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200502000-00003","article-title":"The right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Chin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90110-4","article-title":"Myocardial function and perfusion in the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis. Exercise radionuclide evaluation and comparison with diffuse scleroderma","volume":"77","author":"Follansbee","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(98)80062-X","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Steen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0058-4","article-title":"The heart in systemic sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Steen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960051101","article-title":"Cardiovascular function in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"5","author":"Gaffney","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.23.3.243","article-title":"The heart in scleroderma","volume":"23","author":"Oram","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-60-4-611","article-title":"The pathophysiology of scleroderma involving the heart and respiratory system","volume":"60","author":"Sackner","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91057-X","article-title":"Echocardiographic identification of cardiac abnormality in scleroderma and related disorders","volume":"66","author":"Gottdiener","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970105200108","article-title":"Scleroderma pericardial disease presented with a large pericardial effusion\u2014a case report","volume":"52","author":"Gowda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib56","first-page":"149","article-title":"Cardiac tamponade and pericardial disorders in connective tissue diseases: case report and literature review","volume":"86","author":"Langley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib57","first-page":"199","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis is not associated with clinical or ambulatory blood pressure","volume":"21","author":"Zakopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib58","first-page":"389","volume":"57","author":"Wranicz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib59","first-page":"643","article-title":"Twenty-four hour heart period variability in systemic sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Morelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(96)02808-2","article-title":"Relationships between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"57","author":"Morelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib61","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Ventricular late potentials in systemic sclerosis: relationship with skin involvement","volume":"29","author":"Paradiso","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib62","first-page":"2358","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of myocardial involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: role of signal averaged electrocardiography","volume":"24","author":"Morelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1979.03630470087026","article-title":"The echocardiogram in scleroderma endocarditis of the mitral valve","volume":"139","author":"Kinney","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X07001019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X07001019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T11:06:44Z","timestamp":1760180804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889857X07001019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889857X07001019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-857X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-857X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Heart in Scleroderma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}