{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:47:20Z","timestamp":1772203640750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T02:00:32Z","timestamp":1392861632000},"page":"291-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Structural Joint Damage in Gout"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ashika","family":"Chhana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Dalbeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem246","article-title":"Tophaceous joint disease strongly predicts hand function in patients with gout","volume":"46","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib2","first-page":"S443","article-title":"Diagnosis of gout: clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings","volume":"11","author":"Schlesinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib3","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Radiologic features of gout","volume":"54","author":"Buckley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.137.6.1157","article-title":"Intraosseous calcifications in tophaceous gout","volume":"137","author":"Resnick","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361124","article-title":"Gouty arthritis: a prospective radiographic evaluation of sixty patients","volume":"11","author":"Barthelemy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22891","article-title":"Validation of a radiographic damage index in chronic gout","volume":"57","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket329","article-title":"Bone erosions in patients with chronic gouty arthropathy are associated with tophi but not bone oedema or synovitis: new insights from a 3T MRI study","volume":"53","author":"McQueen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem058","article-title":"Diagnosis of gout by ultrasound","volume":"46","author":"Thiele","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062802","article-title":"High-resolution ultrasonography of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint in gout: a controlled study","volume":"66","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.12.005","article-title":"Impact of sonography in gouty arthritis: comparison with conventional radiography, clinical examination, and laboratory findings","volume":"62","author":"Schueller-Weidekamm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.52","article-title":"Imaging of tophaceous gout: computed tomography provides specific images compared with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography","volume":"61","author":"Gerster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390820","article-title":"Computed tomography of the knee joint as an indicator of intraarticular tophi in gout","volume":"39","author":"Gerster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.12.921","article-title":"Enthesopathy and tendinopathy in gout: computed tomographic assessment","volume":"55","author":"Gerster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094201","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone erosion in gout: a quantitative analysis using plain radiography and computed tomography","volume":"68","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes308","article-title":"Potential interest of dual-energy computed tomography in gout: focus on anatomical distribution and clinical association","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22803","article-title":"Clinical image: dual-energy computed tomographic molecular imaging of gout","volume":"56","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099713","article-title":"Dual energy computed tomography in tophaceous gout","volume":"68","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib18","first-page":"230","article-title":"The pathology of gout","volume":"6","author":"Sokoloff","year":"1957","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib19","first-page":"871","article-title":"Pathologic changes in gout; survey of eleven necropsied cases","volume":"32","author":"Levin","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib20","series-title":"Metabolic, degenerative, and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints","first-page":"482","article-title":"Gout","author":"Jaffe","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215582","article-title":"Osteoclasts are essential for TNF-alpha-mediated joint destruction","volume":"110","author":"Redlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316069","article-title":"Mechanisms of TNF-alpha- and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"111","author":"Ritchlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib23","series-title":"Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism","first-page":"7","article-title":"Anatomy and functions of the adult skeleton","author":"Dempster","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Cells of bone. Osteoclast generation","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Takahashi","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23488","article-title":"Enhanced osteoclastogenesis in patients with tophaceous gout: urate crystals promote osteoclast development through interactions with stromal cells","volume":"58","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R164","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3483","article-title":"Bone destruction by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand-expressing T cells in chronic gouty arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100727","article-title":"Radiographic bone damage in chronic gout is negatively associated with the inflammatory cytokines soluble interleukin 6 receptor and osteoprotegerin","volume":"38","author":"Choe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib28","series-title":"Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism","first-page":"20","article-title":"Bone formation: maturation and functional activities of osteoblast lineage cells","author":"Aubin","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.10.5310","article-title":"Inflammatory microcrystals alter the functional phenotype of human osteoblast-like cells in\u00a0vitro: synergism with IL-1 to overexpress cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"168","author":"Bouchard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.144774","article-title":"Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals inhibit osteoblast viability and function: implications for development of bone erosion in gout","volume":"70","author":"Chhana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27356","article-title":"Cellular characterization of the gouty tophus: a quantitative analysis","volume":"62","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.46","article-title":"Osteoblast retraction induced by adherent neutrophils promotes osteoclast bone resorption: implication for altered bone remodeling in chronic gout","volume":"91","author":"Allaeys","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib33","first-page":"977","article-title":"Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts by calcium oxalate and monosodium urate monohydrate. A mechanism of connective tissue degradation in oxalosis and gout","volume":"100","author":"Hasselbacher","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.05.010","article-title":"Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression by diallyl sulfide on joint inflammation induced by urate crystal and IL-1beta","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.6.476","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite and urate crystal induced cytokine release by macrophages","volume":"48","author":"Alwan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.5.1769","article-title":"Monosodium urate microcrystals induce cyclooxygenase-2 in human monocytes","volume":"91","author":"Pouliot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000282","article-title":"Continuous recruitment, co-expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinases, and apoptosis of macrophages in gout tophi","volume":"437","author":"Schweyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11742","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610812104","article-title":"TNF-induced structural joint damage is mediated by IL-1","volume":"104","author":"Zwerina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803007","article-title":"The mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induced by IL-1","volume":"183","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28075","article-title":"MyD88-dependent IL-1 receptor signaling is essential for gouty inflammation stimulated by monosodium urate crystals","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516","article-title":"Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome","volume":"440","author":"Martinon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C679","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00421.2001","article-title":"Cytokines synergistically induce osteoclast differentiation: support by immortalized or normal calvarial cells","volume":"283","author":"Ragab","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.2.7835314","article-title":"Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1 alpha maintain the survival of osteoclast-like cells","volume":"136","author":"Jimi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.5.1572280","article-title":"Production of various cytokines by normal human osteoblast-like cells in response to interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: lack of regulation by 17 beta-estradiol","volume":"130","author":"Chaudhary","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1081\/IPH-120014725","article-title":"IL-1beta regulates cellular proliferation, prostaglandin E2 synthesis, plasminogen activator activity, osteocalcin production, and bone resorptive activity of the mouse calvarial bone cells","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91932-I","article-title":"The effects of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on cellular proliferation and the production of prostaglandin E2, plasminogen activator, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase by osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone","volume":"166","author":"Evans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.06.003","article-title":"Update on the biology of the chondrocyte and new approaches to treating cartilage diseases","volume":"20","author":"Goldring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib48","first-page":"217","article-title":"Human chondrocyte cultures as models of cartilage-specific gene regulation","volume":"2","author":"Goldring","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib49","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Association between crystals and cartilage degeneration in the ankle","volume":"35","author":"Muehleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-4-13","article-title":"Revisiting the pathogenesis of podagra: why does gout target the foot?","volume":"4","author":"Roddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.08.001","article-title":"\u201cCrystal clear\u201d-sonographic assessment of gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease","volume":"36","author":"Grassi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130708","article-title":"The effects of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals on chondrocyte viability and function: implications for development of cartilage damage in gout","volume":"40","author":"Chhana","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5016","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.5016","article-title":"TLR2 signaling in chondrocytes drives calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and monosodium urate crystal-induced nitric oxide generation","volume":"174","author":"Liu-Bryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2007.08.013","article-title":"MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 knockdown in human chondrocytes inhibits interleukin-1-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene expression and promoter activity by impairing MAP kinase activation","volume":"19","author":"Ahmad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30333","article-title":"Chondrocyte AMP-activated protein kinase activity suppresses matrix degradation responses to proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"63","author":"Terkeltaub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.9.8756539","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates interleukin-1-induced matrix degradation and basic fibroblast growth factor release in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes: a possible mechanism of pathological neovascularization in arthritis","volume":"137","author":"Tamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib57","first-page":"75","article-title":"Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by nitric oxide","volume":"146","author":"Blanco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1426","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates suppression of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis by interleukin-1","volume":"200","author":"Taskiran","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1003","article-title":"Nitric oxide activates metalloprotease enzymes in articular cartilage","volume":"206","author":"Murrell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib60","first-page":"335","article-title":"MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Giannelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380713","article-title":"Increased levels of stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Yoshihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.052","article-title":"The effect of IL-1beta on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in human chondrocytes","volume":"77","author":"Aida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10212","article-title":"The modulation of matrix metalloproteinase and ADAM gene expression in human chondrocytes by interleukin-1 and oncostatin M: a time-course study using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"46","author":"Koshy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib64","first-page":"89","article-title":"Production of cytokines by chondrocytes and its role in proteoglycan degradation","volume":"27","author":"Shinmei","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200103)44:3<585::AID-ANR107>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase and proinflammatory cytokine production by chondrocytes of human osteoarthritic cartilage: associations with degenerative changes","volume":"44","author":"Tetlow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib66","first-page":"644","article-title":"Pannus invasion and cartilage degradation in rheumatoid arthritis: involvement of MMP-3 and interleukin-1beta","volume":"23","author":"Ainola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11486","article-title":"Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 and Src kinase signaling transduce monosodium urate crystal-induced nitric oxide production and matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression in chondrocytes","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13809.x","article-title":"Induction of collagenase and prostaglandin synthesis in synovial fibroblasts treated with monosodium urate crystals","volume":"33","author":"McMillan","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib69","first-page":"243","article-title":"Stimulation of secretion of collagenase and prostaglandin E2 by synovial fibroblasts in response to crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate: a model for joint destruction in gout","volume":"94","author":"Hasselbacher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10530","article-title":"Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) in gouty arthritis and stimulation of MMP-9 by urate crystals in macrophages","volume":"89","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2010.0662","article-title":"What we should know before using tissue engineering techniques to repair injured tendons: a developmental biology perspective","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0700","article-title":"Tendinopathy\u2013from basic science to treatment","volume":"4","author":"Riley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(00)96003-0","article-title":"The cell and developmental biology of tendons and ligaments","volume":"196","author":"Benjamin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0031-x","article-title":"Sonographic description and classification of tendinous involvement in relation to tophi in chronic tophaceous gout","volume":"1","author":"de Avila Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110477","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging bone edema is not a major feature of gout unless there is concomitant osteomyelitis: 10-year findings from a high-prevalence population","volume":"38","author":"Poh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib76","article-title":"Ultrasound-detected musculoskeletal urate crystal deposition: which joints and what findings should be assessed for diagnosing gout?","author":"Naredo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202786","article-title":"Tendon involvement in the feet of patients with gout: a dual-energy CT study","volume":"72","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e797","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110922-36","article-title":"Digital flexion contracture and severe carpal tunnel syndrome due to tophaceous infiltration of wrist flexor tendon: first manifestation of gout","volume":"34","author":"Hernandez-Cortes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.06.004","article-title":"Longitudinal tears of peroneus longus and brevis tendons: a gouty infiltration","volume":"50","author":"Radice","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20799","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by gouty tophus of the flexor tendons of the fingers: sonographic features","volume":"39","author":"Therimadasamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409357374","article-title":"Combined triggering at the wrist and severe carpal tunnel syndrome caused by gouty infiltration of a flexor tendon","volume":"35","author":"Rand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-008-9120-4","article-title":"Atypical triggering at the wrist due to intratendinous infiltration of tophaceous gout","volume":"4","author":"Sano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.08.012","article-title":"Gout: the mechanism of urate crystal nucleation and growth. A hypothesis based in facts","volume":"80","author":"Pascual","year":"2013","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib84","first-page":"137","article-title":"Monosodium urate crystals inhibit tenocyte viability and function: implications for periarticular involvement in chronic gout","volume":"64","author":"Chhana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00141-9","article-title":"IL-1 beta induces COX2, MMP-1, -3 and -13, ADAMTS-4, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in human tendon cells","volume":"21","author":"Tsuzaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R165","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3913","article-title":"Characterization of new bone formation in gout: a quantitative site-by-site analysis using plain radiography and computed tomography","volume":"14","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1538","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling","volume":"13","author":"Diarra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.132852","article-title":"Neutralisation of Dkk-1 protects from systemic bone loss during inflammation and reduces sclerostin expression","volume":"69","author":"Heiland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.02.013","article-title":"Canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.358","article-title":"Elevated Dickkopf-2 levels contribute to the abnormal phenotype of human osteoarthritic osteoblasts","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33504","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation induces osteoblast function and regulates the Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"64","author":"Matzelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00017","article-title":"Osteogenic activity of the fourteen types of human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)","volume":"85","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3201241","article-title":"Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities","volume":"242","author":"Wozney","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23738","article-title":"Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibits the onset and progression of ankylosing enthesitis","volume":"115","author":"Lories","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700747","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling stimulates matrix catabolic genes and activity in articular chondrocytes: its possible role in joint degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Yuasa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27357","article-title":"Control of Dkk-1 ameliorates chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone deterioration in osteoarthritic knees","volume":"62","author":"Weng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34602","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 promotes angiogenic responses and cartilage matrix proteinase secretion in synovial fibroblasts of osteoarthritic joints","volume":"64","author":"Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.1.22","article-title":"Gout is on the increase in New Zealand","volume":"56","author":"Klemp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.5.461","article-title":"Clinical survey of 354 patients with gout","volume":"29","author":"Grahame","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.063768","article-title":"Are joints affected by gout also affected by osteoarthritis?","volume":"66","author":"Roddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.03.013","article-title":"Gout and osteoarthritis: a pathogenetic link?","volume":"79","author":"Roddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012743108","article-title":"Uric acid is a danger signal of increasing risk for osteoarthritis through inflammasome activation","volume":"108","author":"Denoble","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2072","article-title":"Cartilaginous uric acid deposition in advanced osteoarthritis: innocent bystander or promoter of cartilage destruction?","volume":"72","author":"Bongartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106396","article-title":"The interaction of monosodium urate with connective tissue components","volume":"49","author":"Katz","year":"1970","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/2021334a0","article-title":"Solubility of sodium urate in the presence of chondroitin-4-sulphate","volume":"202","author":"Laurent","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.10.858","article-title":"Growth of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals: effect of cartilage and synovial fluid components on in\u00a0vitro growth rates","volume":"45","author":"Burt","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1304::AID-ART222>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"44","author":"Aigner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01991","article-title":"Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells","volume":"425","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.006","article-title":"Functional and biomechanical characteristics of foot disease in chronic gout: a case-control study","volume":"26","author":"Rome","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37005-3","article-title":"Molecular determinants of monosodium urate crystal-induced murine peritonitis: a role for endogenous mast cells and a distinct requirement for endothelial-derived selectins","volume":"283","author":"Getting","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R64","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2435","article-title":"Identification of novel monosodium urate crystal regulated mRNAs by transcript profiling of dissected murine air pouch membranes","volume":"10","author":"Pessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90072-8","article-title":"Ankle joint urate arthritis (AJUA) in rats: an alternative animal model of arthritis to that produced by Freund's adjuvant","volume":"28","author":"Coderre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109355","article-title":"Hyperalgesia, synovitis and multiple biomarkers of inflammation are suppressed by interleukin 1 inhibition in a novel animal model of gouty arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Torres","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.742","article-title":"Hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy in urate oxidase-deficient mice","volume":"91","author":"Wu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee For International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10511","article-title":"Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout","volume":"47","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib118","first-page":"1888","article-title":"Ultrasonographic measurement of tophi as an outcome measure for chronic gout","volume":"34","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22059","article-title":"Exploratory study of radiographic change in patients with tophaceous gout treated with intensive urate-lowering therapy","volume":"66","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200908","article-title":"Canakinumab for acute gouty arthritis in patients with limited treatment options: results from two randomised, multicentre, active-controlled, double-blind trials and their initial extensions","volume":"71","author":"Schlesinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108936","article-title":"The interleukin 1 inhibitor rilonacept in treatment of chronic gouty arthritis: results of a placebo-controlled, monosequence crossover, non-randomised, single-blind pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Terkeltaub","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4159","article-title":"Rilonacept in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial using indomethacin as the active comparator","volume":"15","author":"Terkeltaub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R28","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2143","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of IL-1 inhibition by anakinra in acute gout","volume":"9","author":"So","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.9.5049","article-title":"IL-1 alpha beta blockade prevents cartilage and bone destruction in murine type II collagen-induced arthritis, whereas TNF-alpha blockade only ameliorates joint inflammation","volume":"163","author":"Joosten","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R187","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2879","article-title":"RANKL inhibition by osteoprotegerin prevents bone loss without affecting local or systemic inflammation parameters in two rat arthritis models: comparison with anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-1 therapies","volume":"11","author":"Stolina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq335","article-title":"Development of a computed tomography method of scoring bone erosion in patients with gout: validation and clinical implications","volume":"50","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X14000076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X14000076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T11:13:02Z","timestamp":1760181182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889857X14000076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889857X14000076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-857X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-857X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Structural Joint Damage in Gout","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}