{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T18:35:36Z","timestamp":1764873336906,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]],"date-time":"2014-11-19T22:59:15Z","timestamp":1416437955000},"page":"75-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cogan and Behcet Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ora","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198011000-00003","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: studies in thirteen patients, long-term follow-up, and a review of the literature","volume":"59","author":"Haynes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61951-X","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: 18 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Vollertsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib3","first-page":"628","article-title":"Meniere\u2019s disease complicated by recurrent interstitial keratitis: excellent results following cervical ganglionectomy","volume":"42","author":"Morgan","year":"1934","journal-title":"West J Surg Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1945.00890140064007","article-title":"Syndrome of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory syndromes","volume":"33","author":"Cogan","year":"1945","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198506000-00003","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: audiovestibular involvement and prognosis in 18 patients","volume":"95","author":"McDonald","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4065\/81.4.483","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: a retrospective review of 60 patients throughout a half century","volume":"81","author":"Gluth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087569","article-title":"Association of Crohn\u2019s disease and Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Froehloch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib8","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome apropos of a case. Association with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"137","author":"Buge","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2010.09.003","article-title":"Association between Cogan\u2019s syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease a case series","volume":"5","author":"Scarl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199409000-00015","article-title":"Temporal bone pathology in a case of Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Schuknecht","year":"1994","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib11","first-page":"572","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome and systemic vascular disease. Analysis of pathologic features with reference to its relationship to thromboangiitis obliterans","volume":"72","author":"Fischer","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.12.068","article-title":"Aortic root vasculitis associated with Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Gasparovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91304-E","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome aortitis, aortic regurgitation and aortic arch vessel stenosis","volume":"52","author":"Cochrane","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90674-K","article-title":"Coronary involvement in Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Livingston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11028-2","article-title":"Autoantibodies to inner ear and endothelial antigens in Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"360","author":"Lunardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199005000-00015","article-title":"Inner ear autoantibodies in patients with rapidly progressing sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"100","author":"Harris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib17","first-page":"285","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: anti-HSP70 antibodies are a serological marker in the typical form","volume":"16","author":"Bonaguri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510400302","article-title":"Evidence linking the 68kDA antigen identified in progressive sensorineural hearing loss patient sera with heat shock protein 70","volume":"104","author":"Billing","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.8.761","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome with anti-neutrophilic antibody","volume":"61","author":"Ikeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib20","first-page":"423","article-title":"A\u00a0case of myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophilic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-related glomerulonephritis associated with Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.4.369","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome with Takayasu\u2019s arteritis","volume":"37","author":"Raza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb07112.x","article-title":"Late corneal opacities in the syndrome of interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory symptoms","volume":"192","author":"Cogan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib23","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Evidence of central vestibule-auditory dysfunction in atypical Cogan\u2019s syndrome: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Benitex","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib24","first-page":"108","article-title":"A\u00a0shifty diagnosis: Cogan\u2019s syndrome. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Migliori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib25","first-page":"131","article-title":"MR of the inner ear in patients with Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Casselman","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1998-8204","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome high resolution MRI indicators of activity","volume":"8","author":"Helmchen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vestib Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200303000-00012","article-title":"The utility of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of autoimmune hearing loss","volume":"24","author":"Mazlumzadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh228","article-title":"Typical and atypical Cogan\u2019s syndrome: 32 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Grasland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240308","article-title":"Successful treatment of sudden hearing loss in Cogan\u2019s syndrome with corticosteroids","volume":"24","author":"Haynes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.07.015","article-title":"Cogan\u2019s syndrome: an audiovestibular, ocular and systemic autoimmune disease","volume":"33","author":"Mazlumzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900802","article-title":"Use of methotrexate for autoimmune hearing loss","volume":"109","author":"Matteson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)45:2<146::AID-ANR167>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Open trial of methotrexate as treatment for autoimmune hearing loss","volume":"45","author":"Matteson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib33","first-page":"146","article-title":"Methotrexate management of immune-mediated cochleovestibular disorders","volume":"116","author":"Sismanis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130007900207","article-title":"Low-dose oral methotrexate management of patients with bilateral Meniere\u2019s disease","volume":"79","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1875","article-title":"Treatment of glucocorticoid responsive autoimmune inner ear disease with methotrexate: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"190","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1263-3","article-title":"Leflunomide for the successful management of Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib37","first-page":"3346","article-title":"Treatment of Cogan\u2019s syndrome with FK 506: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Roat","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90157-9","article-title":"Use of immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of severe ocular and vascular manifestations of Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21179","article-title":"Etanercept therapy for immune mediated cochleovestibular disorder: a multi-center, open-label pilot study","volume":"53","author":"Matteson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-5-18","article-title":"Rituximab ameliorated severe hearing loss in Cogan\u2019s syndrome: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Orsoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000318870","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of cochlear implantation Cogan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Kontorinis","year":"2010","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21060","article-title":"Cochlear implantation in patients with auto-immune inner ear disease including Cogan\u2019s syndrome: a comparison with age-and sex-matched controls","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32835b133a","article-title":"New treatment strategies for large vessel vasculitis","volume":"25","author":"Unizony","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0691-0","article-title":"Successful treatment with tocilizumab in a case of Cogan\u2019s syndrome complicated with aortitis","volume":"23","author":"Shibuya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib45","first-page":"1152","article-title":"\u00dcber rezidiverende, apth\u00f6se durch ein Virus verursachte Geschw\u00fcre am Mund, am Auge und an der Genitalen","volume":"105","author":"Beh\u00e7et","year":"1937","journal-title":"Dermatol Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.40.6.355","article-title":"Description of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome in the Hippocratic third book of endemic diseases","volume":"40","author":"Feigenbaum","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01893.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Behcet\u2019s disease in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"42","author":"Azizleril","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib48","first-page":"1689","article-title":"The prevalence of Behcet\u2019s syndrome in a rural area in Northern Turkey","volume":"29","author":"Yurdakul","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0349-4","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical aspects of Behcet\u2019s disease in the north of Israel","volume":"26","author":"Krause","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24423","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Behcet\u2019s disease in the US: a population based study","volume":"61","author":"Calamia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00791-8","article-title":"Childhood onset uveitis in Behcet\u2019s disease: a descriptive study of 36 cases","volume":"136","author":"Tugal-Tutkun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.10.452","article-title":"Demographic and clinical properties of juvenile onset Behcet\u2019s disease: a controlled multicenter study","volume":"58","author":"Karin-Caoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib53","first-page":"S502","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and ethnic backgrounds of patients with Behcet\u2019s syndrome in US cohort","volume":"56","author":"Yazici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthrits Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.2.139","article-title":"The ten-year mortality in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Yazici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200301000-00006","article-title":"The long-term morbidity and mortality of Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a 2 decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated medical center","volume":"82","author":"Kural-Seyahi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-8064-8","article-title":"The unique features of vasculitis in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Meligoku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00859.x","article-title":"Neutrophil and endothelial cell activation in the vasa vasorum in vasculo-Beh\u00e7et disease","volume":"36","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01777.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions in Beh\u00e7et's disease","volume":"21","author":"Inoue","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24642","article-title":"HLA-B51\/B5 and the risk of Behcet\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case control genetic association studies","volume":"61","author":"de Menthon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<239::AID-ANR31>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Evidence for linkage of the HLA-B locus in Behcet\u2019s disease, obtained using the transmission disequilibrium test","volume":"44","author":"Gull","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.625","article-title":"Genome wide association study identifies variants in the MHC class I, IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associated with Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Remmers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.624","article-title":"Genome wide associations studies identify IL23R-IL12RB2 and IL10 as Behcet\u2019s disease susceptibility loci","volume":"42","author":"Mizuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38409","article-title":"Epigenome-wide scan identifies a treatment-responsive pattern of altered DNA methylation among cytoskeletal remodeling genes in monocytes and CD4+ T cells from patients with Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"66","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555597779","article-title":"The usefulness of nonspecific skin hyperreactivity (the pathergy test) in Behcet\u2019s in Turkey","volume":"59","author":"Tuzun","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131227","article-title":"Behcet syndrome manifestations and activity in the Unites States versus Turkey\u2013a cross sectional cohort comparison","volume":"41","author":"Sibley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.11.1074","article-title":"Papulopustular skin lesions are seen more frequently in patients with Behcet\u2019s syndrome who have arthritis: a controlled and masked study","volume":"60","author":"Diri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23450","article-title":"Increased enthesopathy among Behcet\u2019s syndrome patients with acne and arthritis: an ultrasonography study","volume":"58","author":"Hatemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker423","article-title":"The papulopustular lesion\/arthritis cluster of Behcet\u2019s syndrome also clusters in families","volume":"51","author":"Karaca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27181","article-title":"Reply to letter by Priori, et\u00a0al. commenting on whether Behcet\u2019s syndrome patients with acne and arthritis compromise a true subset","volume":"62","author":"Hatemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318242ff37","article-title":"Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behcet\u2019s disease: a series of 47 patients","volume":"91","author":"Seyahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib71","first-page":"347","article-title":"Disease patterns of patients with Behcet\u2019s disease demonstrated by factor analysis","volume":"17","author":"Krause","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.018515","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with major vessel disease in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Tunc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib73","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet\u2019s disease. International Study Group for Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"335","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.5.529","article-title":"The use of sucrasulfate suspension in the treatment of oral and genital ulceration of Behcet\u2019s disease: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study","volume":"135","author":"Alpsoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh236","article-title":"Oral health is impaired in Behcet\u2019s disease and is associated with disease severity","volume":"43","author":"Mumcu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib76","first-page":"399","article-title":"A\u00a0double blind study of colchicine in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Aktulga","year":"1980","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2686::AID-ART448>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"A\u00a0double blind trial of colchicine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Yurdakul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-009-0200-2","article-title":"Colchicine versus placebo in Behcet\u2019s disease: randomized double-blind, controlled crossover trial","volume":"19","author":"Davatchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002013220501","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"322","author":"Yazici","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.4.467","article-title":"Interferon alpha-2a in treatment of Behcet\u2019s disease: a randomized placebo-controlled and double blind study","volume":"138","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00004","article-title":"Thalidomide in treatment of mucocutaneous lesions of the Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Hamuryudan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib82","first-page":"98","article-title":"Short term trial of etanercept in Behcet\u2019s disease\u2013a double blind placebo controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Melikoglu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.09.002","article-title":"Anti-TNF agents for Behcet\u2019s disease: analysis of published data on 369 patients","volume":"41","author":"Arida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib84","first-page":"S322","article-title":"Apremilast for the treatment of Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a phase II randomized, placebo controlled double blind study","volume":"65","author":"Hatemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket130","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of tocilizumab in mucocutaneous Behcet\u2019s syndrome: report of two cases","volume":"52","author":"Diamantopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400425","article-title":"Azathioprine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome: effects on long-term prognosis","volume":"40","author":"Hamuryudan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20308","article-title":"Azathioprine in severe uveitis of Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Saadoun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib88","first-page":"136","article-title":"Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporine A in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"20","author":"BenExra","year":"1988","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92381-7","article-title":"Double masked trial of cyclosporine versus colchicine and long term open study of cyclosporine in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Masuda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.4.241","article-title":"Low dose cyclosporine A versus pulse cyclophosphamide in Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a single masked trial","volume":"76","author":"Ozyazgan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-5-200403020-00025","article-title":"Infliximab for recurrent, sight-threatening ocular inflammation in Adamantiades-Beh\u00e7et disease","volume":"140","author":"Sfikakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib92","first-page":"5","article-title":"Efficacy of infliximab in refractory Beh\u00e7et's disease-associated and idiopathic posterior segment uveitis: a prospective, follow-up study of 50 patients","volume":"6","author":"Cantini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.2698","article-title":"Multicenter study of infliximab for refractory uveoretinitis in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Okada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2010.483314","article-title":"Clinical experience with adalimumab in the treatment of ocular Beh\u00e7et disease","volume":"18","author":"Bawazeer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 67","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib95","first-page":"S54","article-title":"Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Beh\u00e7et's disease unsuccessfully treated with infliximab","volume":"29","author":"Olivieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.4.423","article-title":"Human recombinant interferon alfa-2a for the treatment of Beh\u00e7et's disease with sight threatening posterior or panuveitis","volume":"87","author":"K\u00f6tter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib97","first-page":"1962","article-title":"Results of interferon alpha therapy in patient with Behcet\u2019s uveitis","volume":"244","author":"Tugal-Tutkan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2010.01546.x","article-title":"Rituximab in intractable ocular lesions of Behcet's disease: randomized single-blind control study (pilot study)","volume":"13","author":"Davatchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib99","first-page":"48","article-title":"Canakinumab in patient with juvenile Behcet\u2019s syndrome\u2013a report of 24 cases","volume":"33","author":"Ugurlu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-155143","article-title":"Interleukin 1b-regulating antibody XOMA 052 (gevokizumab) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of resistant uveitis of Behcet\u2019s disease: an open label pilot study","volume":"71","author":"Gul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.05.027","article-title":"Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Hamuryudan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21557","article-title":"Behcet\u2019s disease: successful treatment with infliximab in 7 patients with severe vascular manifestations. A retrospective analysis","volume":"64","author":"Adler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.02.006","article-title":"Resolution of Behcet\u2019s syndrome associated pulmonary arterial aneurysms with infliximab","volume":"41","author":"Schreiber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.03.019","article-title":"Long-term outcome after surgical treatment for arterial lesions in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Hosaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34450","article-title":"Immunosuppressants reduce venous thrombosis relapse in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"64","author":"Desbois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem103","article-title":"Infliximab in the treatment of hepatic vein thrombosis in three patients with Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Seyahi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib107","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Value of \u2018bolus\u2019 cyclophosphamide injections in Behcet\u2019s disease: experience of 17 cases","volume":"19","author":"Du","year":"1990","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.08.014","article-title":"Infliximab monotherapy in neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease: four year follow up in a long-standing case resistant to conventional therapies","volume":"239","author":"Fasano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-0070-8","article-title":"CNS involvement occurs more frequently in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease under cyclosporine A than under other medications\u2013results of a retrospective analysis of 117 cases","volume":"25","author":"Kotter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.10.024","article-title":"Tocilixumab treatment for neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease, the first report","volume":"114","author":"Shapiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007_bib111","first-page":"S73","article-title":"Refractory neuro-Behcet treated by tocilixumab\u2013a case report","volume":"30","author":"Urbaniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X14000969?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X14000969?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T11:13:20Z","timestamp":1760181200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889857X14000969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889857X14000969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-857X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0889-857X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cogan and Behcet Syndromes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}