{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:03:57Z","timestamp":1791259437092,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017547","name":"Spark Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR074457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR074457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1TR004927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR082649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR082649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031160","name":"Cartesian Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:46:12Z","timestamp":1757501172000},"page":"777-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Mythology of Polymyositis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Suur","family":"Biliciler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahseen","family":"Mozaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Polymyositis acuta progressiva","volume":"12","author":"Unverricht","year":"1887","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Kliniische Medizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib2","first-page":"282","article-title":"Fall elner selteren Muskelkrankheit","volume":"4","author":"Wagner","year":"1863","journal-title":"Archiv f Heilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib3","series-title":"Diseases of muscle: a study in pathology: hoeber medical division","author":"Adams","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib4","unstructured":"Walton JNA, R. D. Polymyositis: E. & S. Livingstone; 1958."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197202172860701","article-title":"Vascular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"286","author":"Whitaker","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.6.685","article-title":"Muscle blood flow in Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle dystrophy, polymyositis, and in normal controls","volume":"37","author":"Paulson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/98.4.637","article-title":"Polymyositis: its presentation, morbidity and mortality","volume":"98","author":"DeVere","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(71)90113-4","article-title":"An ultrastructural study of skeletal muscle in polymyositis","volume":"12","author":"Mastaglia","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/89.4.747","article-title":"Polymyositis: a survey of 89 cases with particular reference to treatment and prognosis","volume":"89","author":"Rose","year":"1966","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib10","first-page":"107","article-title":"Polymyositis: diagnosis, pathology, prognosis and treatment","volume":"49","author":"Walton","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polymyositis: new light on pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Walton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Aust Assoc Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(75)90115-X","article-title":"Prognosis in adult polymyositis","volume":"26","author":"Riddoch","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib13","first-page":"85","article-title":"In vitro destruction of human foetal muscle cultures by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with polymyositis and lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Kakulas","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Aust Assoc Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(70)90026-2","article-title":"A histological and histochemical study of skeletal muscle regeneration in polymyositis","volume":"10","author":"Mastaglia","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts)","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts)","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.1.8","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis: a distinct variety of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"28","author":"Carpenter","year":"1978","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib18","first-page":"240","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis","volume":"25","author":"Yunis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27572","article-title":"A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"62","author":"Christopher-Stine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21486","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins","volume":"41","author":"Grable-Esposito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.4.420","article-title":"Myopathy with antibodies to the signal recognition particle: clinical and pathological features","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib22","first-page":"keaf229","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature and abbreviation for anti-synthetase syndrome: an IMACS project","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.4.472","article-title":"Myopathy with anti-Jo-1 antibodies: pathology in perimysium and neighbouring muscle fibres","volume":"68","author":"Mozaffar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib24","first-page":"767","article-title":"Classifying idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: comparing the performance of six existing criteria","volume":"31","author":"Linklater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001178","article-title":"The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2007.02.018","article-title":"Inflammation and response to steroid treatment in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I","volume":"11","author":"Darin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12730","article-title":"Inflammation, fibrosis and skeletal muscle regeneration in LGMDR9 are orchestrated by macrophages","volume":"47","author":"K\u00f6lbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27419","article-title":"Muscle biopsy and MRI findings in ANO5-related myopathy","volume":"64","author":"Holm-Yildiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-022-01284-y","article-title":"Dysferlinopathy misdiagnosed with juvenile polymyositis in the pre-symptomatic stage of hyperCKemia: a case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Contreras-Cubas","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-022-00736-1","article-title":"Pompe disease: a clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic overview","volume":"24","author":"Stevens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.3.316","article-title":"Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity","volume":"61","author":"van der Meulen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.3.288","article-title":"Unicorns, dragons, polymyositis, and other mythological beasts","volume":"61","author":"Amato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380504","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis and myopathies","volume":"38","author":"Griggs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.02.006","article-title":"119th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 10-12 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands","volume":"14","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.232296","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults: a comparative study of Bohan and Peter and European Neuromuscular Center 2004 criteria","volume":"66","author":"Challa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002","article-title":"A new approach to the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: myositis-specific autoantibodies define useful homogeneous patient groups","volume":"70","author":"Love","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000222","article-title":"Redefining dermatomyositis: a description of new diagnostic criteria that differentiate pure dermatomyositis from overlap myositis with dermatomyositis features","volume":"93","author":"Troyanov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14368-1","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"362","author":"Dalakas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2598","article-title":"Development of a new classification system for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies based on clinical manifestations and myositis-specific autoantibodies","volume":"75","author":"Mariampillai","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834bab42","article-title":"Acquired immune and inflammatory myopathies: pathologic classification","volume":"23","author":"Pestronk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex226","article-title":"2016 ACR-EULAR adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis response criteria-methodological aspects","volume":"56","author":"Rider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224652","article-title":"Current myositis clinical trials and tribulations","volume":"83","author":"Saygin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000740","article-title":"Classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: pathology perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Tanboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1259275","article-title":"Editorial: inflammatory muscle diseases: an update","volume":"14","author":"Tanboon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160206","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. I: quantitation of subsets according to diagnosis and sites of accumulation and demonstration and counts of muscle fibers invaded by T cells","volume":"16","author":"Arahata","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230210","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. IV: cell-mediated cytotoxicity and muscle fiber necrosis","volume":"23","author":"Arahata","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160207","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. II: phenotypes of autoinvasive cells in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis","volume":"16","author":"Engel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.02.014","article-title":"Myositis with endomysial cell invasion indicates inclusion body myositis even if other criteria are not fulfilled","volume":"25","author":"van de Vlekkert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0186-x","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.39","article-title":"Polymyositis with cytochrome oxidase negative muscle fibres. Early quadriceps weakness and poor response to immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"120","author":"Blume","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2212","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201103","article-title":"Morphologic and molecular patterns of polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology and inclusion body myositis","volume":"99","author":"Kleefeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib52","first-page":"awaf118","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage is associated with an early immune response in inclusion body myositis","author":"Kleefeld","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0673","article-title":"Association of dermatomyositis sine dermatitis with anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 autoantibodies","volume":"77","author":"Inoue","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000434","article-title":"Immune myopathies with perimysial pathology: clinical and laboratory features","volume":"5","author":"Bucelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12380","article-title":"Integrated classification of inflammatory myopathies","volume":"43","author":"Allenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.09.008","article-title":"Myositis-specific autoantibodies, a cornerstone in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"18","author":"Anquetil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23840","article-title":"Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A autoimmunity in sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"73","author":"Larman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23822","article-title":"Autoantibodies to cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A in inclusion body myositis","volume":"73","author":"Pluk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310008","article-title":"Seropositivity for NT5c1A antibody in sporadic inclusion body myositis predicts more severe motor, bulbar and respiratory involvement","volume":"87","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123164","article-title":"Impact of sex, age at onset, and anti-cN1A antibodies on sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"464","author":"Yamashita","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51294","article-title":"Clinical utility of anti-cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A antibody in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"8","author":"Ikenaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.56","article-title":"Autoantibodies in myositis","volume":"14","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.58.683.545","article-title":"Hypothyroidism masquerading as polymyositis","volume":"58","author":"Cabili","year":"1982","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13902","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis in the rheumatology clinic","volume":"23","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001000","article-title":"Late onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) myopathy misdiagnosed as polymyositis","volume":"26","author":"Barp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2023-003935","article-title":"Pompe disease misdiagnosed as polymyositis","volume":"24","author":"Camelo-Filho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27962","article-title":"Late-onset facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 in previously undiagnosed families: presenting clinical features in an often-misdiagnosed disorder","volume":"68","author":"Felice","year":"2023","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039169","article-title":"One case of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy misdiagnosed as polymyositis: case report","volume":"103","author":"Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.8.1176","article-title":"Phenotypic study in 40 patients with dysferlin gene mutations: high frequency of atypical phenotypes","volume":"64","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1273-1","article-title":"Dysferlin deficiency treated like refractory polymyositis","volume":"29","author":"Vinit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.764","article-title":"Paraneoplastic necrotizing myopathy: clinical and pathological features","volume":"50","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1515161","article-title":"Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"374","author":"Mammen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000399","article-title":"Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","volume":"22","author":"Statland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.63.2.402","article-title":"Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity","volume":"63","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.63.2.402","article-title":"Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity","volume":"63","author":"Bradley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.63.2.402","article-title":"Polymyositis: an overdiagnosed entity","volume":"63","author":"Hengstman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3198-5","article-title":"Polymyositis, a very uncommon isolated disease: clinical and histological re-evaluation after long-term follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Vilela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2024.03.001","article-title":"272nd ENMC international workshop: 10 Years of progress - revision of the ENMC 2013 diagnostic criteria for inclusion body myositis and clinical trial readiness. 16-18 June 2023, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands","volume":"37","author":"Lilleker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr213","article-title":"Long-term observational study of sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"134","author":"Benveniste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01389-6","article-title":"Inclusion body myositis and associated diseases: an argument for shared immune pathologies","volume":"10","author":"Nelke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"}],"container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X25000626?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X25000626?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T03:13:35Z","timestamp":1772853215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889857X25000626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889857X25000626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-857X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-857X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Mythology of Polymyositis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2025.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}