{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T18:11:43Z","timestamp":1778091103949,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:41:49Z","timestamp":1773261709000},"page":"297-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Rheumatology Registries and Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Manuel F.","family":"Ugarte-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo J.","family":"Pons-Estel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graciela S.","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301676101377","article-title":"The systemic lupus international collaborating clinics Group--origins and outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Isenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Comparison of lupus activity indices","volume":"8","author":"Isenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303","article-title":"The development and initial validation of the systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics\/American College of Rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Gladman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24849","article-title":"Evaluating the construct of damage in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071868","article-title":"Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Group--onwards and upwards?","volume":"15","author":"Isenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202106","article-title":"Clinical associations of the metabolic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an international inception cohort","volume":"72","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41392","article-title":"Accrual of atherosclerotic vascular events in a multicenter inception systemic Lupus Erythematosus cohort","volume":"72","author":"Urowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205171","article-title":"Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort","volume":"74","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.12.009","article-title":"Cancer risk in systemic lupus: an updated international multi-centre cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42645","article-title":"Association between severe nonadherence to hydroxychloroquine and systemic lupus Erythematosus flares, damage, and mortality in 660 patients from the SLICC inception cohort","volume":"75","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24092","article-title":"Economic evaluation of damage accrual in an international systemic lupus Erythematosus inception cohort using a multistate model approach","volume":"72","author":"Barber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23480","article-title":"Economic evaluation of lupus nephritis in the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics inception cohort using a multistate model approach","volume":"70","author":"Barber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181338","article-title":"Construction of a frailty index as a novel health measure in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"47","author":"Legge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41144","article-title":"Prediction of damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus using the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics Frailty index","volume":"72","author":"Legge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40859","article-title":"Evaluating the properties of a frailty index and its Association with mortality risk among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Legge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24504","article-title":"Prediction of hospitalizations in systemic lupus erythematosus using the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics Frailty index","volume":"74","author":"Legge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222487","article-title":"Remission and low disease activity (LDA) prevent damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort","volume":"81","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225613","article-title":"Remission and low disease activity are associated with lower healthcare costs: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort","volume":"83","author":"Barber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001452","article-title":"Meeting report: the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) World Lupus Seminar on Africa","volume":"12","author":"Legge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000104742.42401.e2","article-title":"The GLADEL multinational Latin American prospective inception cohort of 1,214 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: ethnic and disease heterogeneity among \u201cHispanics\u201d","volume":"83","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20999","article-title":"Familial aggregation of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases in 1,177 lupus patients from the GLADEL cohort","volume":"52","author":"Alarcon-Segovia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2245oa","article-title":"Male systemic lupus erythematosus in a Latin-American inception cohort of 1214 patients","volume":"14","author":"Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307088006","article-title":"Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus in Latin America. The GLADEL experience in 230 children","volume":"17","author":"Ram\u00edrez G\u00f3mez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314563134","article-title":"Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Latin Americans: a distinct subgroup?","volume":"24","author":"Catoggio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.01.012","article-title":"Factors predictive of high disease activity early in the course of SLE in patients from a Latin-American cohort","volume":"47","author":"Pimentel-Quiroz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317728810","article-title":"Predictive factors of flares in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort","volume":"27","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001299","article-title":"Predictors of renal damage in systemic lupus erythematous patients: data from a multiethnic, multinational Latin American lupus cohort (GLADEL)","volume":"6","author":"Reategui-Sokolova","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033241283551","article-title":"Predictors of first hospitalization due to disease activity and infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"33","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319860579","article-title":"Factors predictive of serious infections over time in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: data from a multi-ethnic, multi-national, Latin American lupus cohort","volume":"28","author":"Pimentel-Quiroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27300","article-title":"Antimalarial treatment may have a time-dependent effect on lupus survival: data from a multinational Latin American inception cohort","volume":"62","author":"Shinjo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211814","article-title":"Remission and Low Disease Activity Status (LDAS) protect lupus patients from damage occurrence: data from a multiethnic, multinational Latin American Lupus Cohort (GLADEL)","volume":"76","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204620","article-title":"The number of flares patients experience impacts on damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort","volume":"74","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313512883","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in two multiethnic cohorts: a commentary","volume":"23","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001097","article-title":"Applying the 2019 EULAR\/ACR lupus criteria to patients from an established cohort: a Latin American perspective","volume":"6","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000662","article-title":"Therapeutic Guidelines for Latin American lupus patients: methodology","volume":"24","author":"Cardiel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213512","volume":"77","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320988586","article-title":"A longitudinal multiethnic study of biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: launching the GLADEL 2.0 Study group","volume":"30","author":"Gomez-Puerta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002301","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators associated with delays in the diagnosis and treatment of lupus: insights from patients and rheumatologists from the Andean\/Bolivarian Region","volume":"32","author":"Ospina-Caicedo","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002287","article-title":"Factors associated with delay in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a qualitative study with Mexican patients and rheumatologists","volume":"32","author":"Manrique de Lara","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002290","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators associated with delays in the diagnosis and treatment of lupus: a qualitative study of patients and rheumatologists in the central American and Caribbean region","volume":"32","author":"Colmenares-Roa","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000002304","article-title":"Unmet needs in the care of systemic lupus erythematosus: insights and recommendations from patients and rheumatologists in Latin America","volume":"32","author":"Manrique de Lara","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib43","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Delays in lupus diagnosis and treatment in the Southern cone: a qualitative study of patient and rheumatologist perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Quintana","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e368","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001728","article-title":"Let\u2019s talk about lupus. Overview of an innovative, high-reach, online program to fill the education gaps of Latin Americans living with lupus","volume":"28","author":"Drenkard","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24870","article-title":"Digital narratives of living with lupus: lived experiences and meanings for Latin American and Latino patients and their families","volume":"75","author":"Colmenares-Roa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1173::AID-ART5>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: II. Features predictive of disease activity early in its course. LUMINA study group. Lupus in minority populations, nature versus nurture","volume":"41","author":"Alarcon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1191\/096120399678847704","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: III. A comparison of characteristics early in the natural history of the LUMINA cohort. LUpus in MInority populations: nature vs. nurture","volume":"8","author":"Alarcon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20578","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA): XXII. Predictors of time to the occurrence of initial damage","volume":"50","author":"Toloza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.046896","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic cohort: LUMINA XXXV. Predictive factors of high disease activity over time","volume":"65","author":"Alarcon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.131482","article-title":"US patients of Hispanic and African ancestry develop lupus nephritis early in the disease course: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA LXXIV)","volume":"70","author":"Burgos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2797::AID-ART467>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. IX. Differences in damage accrual","volume":"44","author":"Alarcon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken208","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay the occurrence of renal involvement and are associated with a decreased risk of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus--results from LUMINA (LIX): a multiethnic US cohort","volume":"47","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Barrag\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib53","first-page":"867","article-title":"Ethnic disparities in health and disease: the need to account for ancestral admixture when estimating the genetic contribution to both (LUMINA XXVI)","volume":"14","author":"Alarcon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068676","article-title":"Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA L)","volume":"66","author":"Alarcon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21039","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: XVI. Association of hydroxychloroquine use with reduced risk of damage accrual","volume":"52","author":"Fessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20097","article-title":"Possible protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on delaying the occurrence of integument damage in lupus: LXXI, data from a multiethnic cohort","volume":"62","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24538","article-title":"Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis: LXV, data from a multiethnic US cohort","volume":"61","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071872","article-title":"Effect of antimalarials on thrombosis and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg481","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. XX. Damage as a predictor of further damage","volume":"43","author":"Alarcon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib60","first-page":"1196","article-title":"Poverty, not ethnicity, accounts for the differential mortality rates among lupus patients of various ethnic groups","volume":"99","author":"Duran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep012","article-title":"Renal damage is the most important predictor of mortality within the damage index: data from LUMINA LXIV, a multiethnic US cohort","volume":"48","author":"Danila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib62","first-page":"268","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus from a multiethnic US cohort: LUMINA (LVI)","volume":"26","author":"Andrade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel222","article-title":"Predictors of post-partum damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (XXXVIII)","volume":"45","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24878","article-title":"Association of systemic lupus international collaborating clinics frailty index with damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: results from a multiethnic, multicenter US cohort of patients with lupus","volume":"75","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319826693","article-title":"Remission and low disease activity state (LDAS) are protective of intermediate and long-term outcomes in SLE patients. Results from LUMINA (LXXVIII), a multiethnic, multicenter US cohort","volume":"28","author":"Alarcon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-000955","article-title":"Time in remission and low disease activity state (LDAS) are associated with a better quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from LUMINA (LXXIX), a multiethnic, multicentre US cohort","volume":"5","author":"Ugarte-Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13431","article-title":"Development of the Asia Pacific lupus collaboration cohort","volume":"22","author":"Kandane-Rathnayake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207726","article-title":"Definition and initial validation of a lupus low disease Activity State (LLDAS)","volume":"75","author":"Franklyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30037-2","article-title":"Lupus low disease activity state as a treatment endpoint for systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective validation study","volume":"1","author":"Golder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e822","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00304-6","article-title":"Lupus low disease activity state and remission and risk of mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective, multinational, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Kandane-Rathnayake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1256-6","article-title":"Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Golder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2023-0900","article-title":"Comparison of attainment and protective effects of lupus low disease activity state in patients with newly diagnosed versus established systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"51","author":"Golder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02756-3","article-title":"\u2018Not at target\u2019: prevalence and consequences of inadequate disease control in systemic lupus erythematosus\u2014a multinational observational cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Kandane-Rathnayake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225369","article-title":"Risk of flare and damage accrual after tapering glucocorticoids in modified serologically active clinically quiescent patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multinational observational cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Katsumata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03622-8","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of a pilot definition of severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: observations from a multinational Asia-Pacific cohort","volume":"27","author":"Kandane-Rathnayake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2021-0001","article-title":"Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) registry 2009-2019: major clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313499086","article-title":"Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry: I. Major clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314527366","article-title":"Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry: II. Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00081-2018","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: CSTAR-PAH cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Qian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.70283","article-title":"Tofacitinib versus methotrexate in treating mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus: real-world results from the CSTAR cohort XXXII","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033241272953","article-title":"Tofacitinib versus thalidomide for mucocutaneous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus: a real-world CSTAR cohort study XXVII","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1515\/rir-2025-0011","article-title":"Sirolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of lupus nephritis: results from a real-world CSTAR cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2023-0023","article-title":"Improve quality of patient care for systemic lupus erythematosus in China by enhancing the construction of centers of excellence","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-024-01000-3","article-title":"Development of the paediatric society of the African league against rheumatism (PAFLAR) JIA registry and clinical profile of JIA in Africa from the PAFLAR JIA registry","volume":"22","author":"Migowa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13793","article-title":"Rheumatology workforce issues in South Asia: challenges and solutions","volume":"23","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X26000049?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889857X26000049?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:28:14Z","timestamp":1778088494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889857X26000049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889857X26000049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-857X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-857X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global Rheumatology Registries and Cohorts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2026.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}