{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:39:21Z","timestamp":1790739561809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003448","name":"General Secretariat for Research and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIS 5002803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5002803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Redox Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T21:16:50Z","timestamp":1592947010000},"page":"101615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Expression profiling meta-analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the putative anti-inflammatory receptor and priming protease of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells, and identification of putative modulators"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Eirini","family":"Gkogkou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigoris","family":"Barnasas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Vougas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis P.","family":"Trougakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","article-title":"COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Shereen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, China","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib4","article-title":"Covid-19: what treatments are being investigated?","volume":"368","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.04.022","article-title":"Multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01542-10","article-title":"Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2","volume":"84","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508381200","article-title":"SARS coronavirus, but not human coronavirus NL63, utilizes cathepsin L to infect ACE2-expressing cells","volume":"281","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002589117","article-title":"Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 byTMPRSS2-expressing cells","volume":"117","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02232-10","article-title":"Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response","volume":"85","author":"Glowacka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.03.001","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in lung diseases","volume":"6","author":"Kuba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.09.020","article-title":"The sweeter side of ACE2: physiological evidence for a role in diabetes","volume":"302","author":"Bindom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0045","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in disease pathogenesis","volume":"74","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"issue":"7047","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure","volume":"436","author":"Imai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7408","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11228","article-title":"ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation","volume":"487","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.06.005","article-title":"The vasoprotective axes of the renin-angiotensin system: physiological relevance and therapeutic implications in cardiovascular, hypertensive and kidney diseases","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib20","series-title":"Single-cell RNA Expression Profiling of ACE2, the Putative Receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCov","author":"Zhao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.20105114","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells","author":"Lukassen","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"HCA Lung Biological. SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes","volume":"26","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1732837","article-title":"Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2020.01017","article-title":"Facts and reflections on COVID-19 and anti-hypertensives drugs","author":"Marin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-015-0080-x","article-title":"Cationic nanoparticles directly bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and induce acute lung injury in mice","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019","author":"W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib28","first-page":"26","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA detected in blood donations","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib29","article-title":"Age-related changes in the local intestinal renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"70","author":"Pasanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00998-13","article-title":"Novel inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry that act by three distinct mechanisms","volume":"87","author":"Adedeji","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12425","article-title":"Ikarugamycin: a natural product inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"17","author":"Elkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12119","article-title":"Building a better dynasore: the dyngo compounds potently inhibit dynamin and endocytosis","volume":"14","author":"McCluskey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-40","article-title":"Host cell virus entry mediated by Australian bat lyssavirus G envelope glycoprotein occurs through a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway that requires actin and Rab5","volume":"11","author":"Weir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib34","article-title":"Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved \u03b1-ketoamide inhibitors","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib35","article-title":"Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): a molecular docking study","author":"Elfiky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.09.051","article-title":"Recent developments in tubulin polymerization inhibitors: an overview","volume":"87","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib37","first-page":"S1109","article-title":"The Greek study in the Effects of Colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): rationale and study design","author":"Deftereos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hellenic J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938","article-title":"New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?","author":"Devaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706777935122","article-title":"Inhibitors of cathepsin B","volume":"13","author":"Frlan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.05.007","article-title":"Cathepsin B and L activity in the serum during the human aging process: cathepsin B and L in aging","volume":"55","author":"Wycza\u0142kowska-Tomasik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib41","article-title":"Cathepsin B expression is associated with arterial stiffening and atherosclerotic vascular disease","author":"Mareti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.04.014","article-title":"Endocytosis regulation by autophagy proteins in MHC restricted antigen presentation","volume":"52","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9","article-title":"The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"26","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445272","article-title":"Standard and immunoproteasomes show similar peptide degradation specificities","volume":"44","author":"Zanker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2014.09.002","article-title":"The amazing ubiquitin-proteasome system: structural components and implication in aging","volume":"314","author":"Tsakiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.06.029","article-title":"Proteasome response to interferon-gamma is altered in senescent human fibroblasts","volume":"580","author":"Stratford","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8925","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.274","article-title":"Angiotensin (1-7) attenuates the progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal injury better than angiotensin receptor blockade","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120461","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7): beyond the cardio-renal actions","volume":"124","author":"Passos-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307708","article-title":"Role of the ACE2\/angiotensin 1-7 Axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure","volume":"118","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0512-2","article-title":"Neuroprotective mechanisms of the ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis in stroke","volume":"17","author":"Bennion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.040345","article-title":"Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin-(1-7)","volume":"93","author":"Alenina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"issue":"10230","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30691-7","article-title":"Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a double-edged sword?","volume":"395","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Redox Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221323172030820X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221323172030820X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:16:31Z","timestamp":1784906191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221323172030820X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S221323172030820X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Expression profiling meta-analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the putative anti-inflammatory receptor and priming protease of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells, and identification of putative modulators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Redox Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101615"}}