{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:34:04Z","timestamp":1792683244094,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Redox Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:09:10Z","timestamp":1784560150000},"page":"104318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Hippocampal vulnerability and redox-driven mechanisms."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Curto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Alexandra","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Bernardo","family":"Fiadeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5806-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Clara","family":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.08.002","article-title":"Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology","volume":"36","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00030-2","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis of parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Tolosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191683","article-title":"Parkinson's disease in women and men: what's the difference?","volume":"9","author":"Cerri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14108","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"27","author":"Balestrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072464","article-title":"Historical perspective: models of parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Chia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib6","article-title":"Natural history and patterns of treatment change in Parkinson's disease: a retrospective chart review","volume":"6","author":"Navaratnam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29374","article-title":"Insights into neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease from single-cell and spatial genomics","volume":"38","author":"Kamath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00455","article-title":"On cell loss and selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in parkinson's Disease","volume":"9","author":"Giguere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib9","series-title":"Parkinson's disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects","article-title":"Parkinson's Disease: etiology, neuropathology, and pathogenesis","author":"Kouli","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90733-R","article-title":"Loss of brainstem serotonin- and substance P-containing neurons in Parkinson's disease","volume":"510","author":"Halliday","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.337","article-title":"Neuronal loss is greater in the locus coeruleus than nucleus basalis and substantia nigra in Alzheimer and parkinson diseases","volume":"60","author":"Zarow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199111000-00006","article-title":"The neuropathologic basis of different clinical subgroups of Parkinson's disease","volume":"50","author":"Paulus","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.01.006","article-title":"Loss of cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease is related to disability of the patients","volume":"14","author":"Rinne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082894","article-title":"Evidence supports PA prescription for Parkinson's Disease: motor symptoms and non-motor features: a scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.05.004","article-title":"Transplantation of encapsulated mitochondria alleviates dysfunction in mitochondrial and parkinson's disease models","volume":"189","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2015.24.2.103","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"24","author":"Moon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03904-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's Disease: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies","volume":"48","author":"Moradi Vastegani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14479","article-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy mutually interact in neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic cell death models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"596","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11928-w","article-title":"Blunting neuroinflammation with resolvin D1 prevents early pathology in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Krashia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab446","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing of human midbrain reveals glial activation and a Parkinson-specific neuronal state","volume":"145","author":"Smajic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01195-6","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing and burden analysis identify six novel candidate risk genes and expand the genetic landscape of Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.057","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: mechanisms, translational models and management strategies","volume":"226","author":"Raza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0225-5","article-title":"NADPH oxidases in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Belarbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3960","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 1-mediated oxidative stress leads to dopamine neuron death in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2459","article-title":"The role of NADPH oxidase 1-derived reactive oxygen species in paraquat-mediated dopaminergic cell death","volume":"11","author":"Cristovao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14465","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2246-12.2012","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 1 mediates alpha-synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"32","author":"Cristovao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0002","article-title":"NADPH oxidases in neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"41","author":"Fiadeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"147","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030696","article-title":"The role of NOX4 in Parkinson's Disease with dementia","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000479","article-title":"Post-stroke inhibition of induced NADPH oxidase type 4 prevents oxidative stress and neurodegeneration","volume":"8","author":"Kleinschnitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814278","article-title":"A novel NOX inhibitor alleviates Parkinson's Disease pathology in PFF-Injected mice","volume":"24","author":"Ofori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102698","article-title":"NOX4 as a critical effector mediating neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, specifically in astrocytes in the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease","volume":"62","author":"Boonpraman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.72024","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of memory impairment in Parkinson's Disease: an exploration of underlying mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Pourfridoni","year":"2026","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202465","article-title":"The human hippocampus in Parkinson's Disease: an integrative stereological and proteomic Study","volume":"11","author":"Villar-Conde","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20517\/and.2021.09","article-title":"A novel neuroprotective cholinesterase-monoamine oxidase inhibitor for treatment of dementia and depression in Parkinson's disease","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11040054","article-title":"Treatment of Parkinson's Disease with cognitive impairment: current approaches and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib37","article-title":"Longitudinal hippocampal subfields, CSF biomarkers, and cognition in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"9","author":"Erhardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.10.009","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Lewy body dementia","volume":"21","author":"Surendranathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16010110","article-title":"Neuroimaging and pathology biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease and parkinsonism","volume":"16","author":"Cilia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib40","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's Disease: an updated overview focusing on emerging pharmaceutical treatment approaches","volume":"59","author":"Degirmenci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Coimbra)"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp245","article-title":"The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort","volume":"132","author":"Williams-Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib42","article-title":"Parkinson's disease subtypes: approaches and clinical implications","volume":"130","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26352","article-title":"Advances in the treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Goldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27345","article-title":"Strengths and challenges in conducting clinical trials in Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"Litvan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","article-title":"Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Aarsland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2020.01.001","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and dementia in parkinson disease","volume":"36","author":"Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091248","article-title":"Imaging the limbic System in parkinson's Disease-A review of limbic pathology and clinical symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Banwinkler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418778747","article-title":"Ammon's horn 2 (CA2) of the hippocampus: a long-known Region with a new potential role in neurodegeneration","volume":"25","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-023-00749-4","article-title":"Parkinson disease dementia management: an update of Current evidence and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Phillips","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00963-x","article-title":"Approach to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27330","article-title":"Initial cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"33","author":"Weintraub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00175","article-title":"Rodent models of Parkinson's disease: beyond the motor symptomatology","volume":"7","author":"Campos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30127-3","article-title":"Risk factors for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Marinus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.07.010","article-title":"Importance of motor vs. non-motor symptoms for health-related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"Muller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12950","article-title":"The impact of non-motor symptoms on the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Prakash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.62","article-title":"Non-motor features of Parkinson disease","volume":"18","author":"Schapira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12297","article-title":"Review: parkinson's disease: from synaptic loss to connectome dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Bellucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.27","article-title":"Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease","volume":"13","author":"Aarsland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr031","article-title":"Lewy- and alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important?","volume":"134","author":"Compta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23659","article-title":"Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia","volume":"72","author":"Irwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2018.1116","article-title":"Entorhinal Cortex atrophy in early, drug-naive parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib62","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Neuropathology of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of autopsy studies","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50857","article-title":"Common age-related neuropathologies and yearly variability in cognition","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000341998","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: the dual syndrome hypothesis","volume":"11","author":"Kehagia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.024","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Cools","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108880","article-title":"Current concepts in treating mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"203","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25687","article-title":"Dopamine overdose hypothesis: evidence and clinical implications","volume":"28","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib68","article-title":"Cognition deficits in Parkinson's Disease: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"2020","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1678579","article-title":"Parkinson's disease dementia and lewy body disease","volume":"39","author":"Sezgin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.246","article-title":"Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic deficits in Parkinson disease","volume":"2","author":"Buddhala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171228","article-title":"Monoaminergic markers across the cognitive spectrum of lewy body disease","volume":"8","author":"van der Zee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.006","article-title":"Basal forebrain cholinergic circuits and signaling in cognition and cognitive decline","volume":"91","author":"Ballinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107411108","article-title":"Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-beta levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans","volume":"108","author":"Cirrito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25236","article-title":"Serotonin, beta-amyloid, and cognition in Parkinson disease","volume":"83","author":"Kotagal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101763","article-title":"Serotonin impairment in CSF of PD patients, without an apparent clinical counterpart","volume":"9","author":"Olivola","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181feb2ab","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in PD correlate with higher 5-HTT binding in raphe and limbic structures","volume":"75","author":"Politis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1783001","article-title":"Cognition, function and awareness of disease impact in early Parkinson's and huntington's disease","volume":"44","author":"Julio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02750-w","article-title":"The pathobiology of depression in Huntington's disease: an unresolved puzzle","volume":"131","author":"Jellinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11982-x","article-title":"The relationship between disease-specific psychosocial stressors and depressive symptoms in Huntington's disease","volume":"271","author":"Bilal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105933","article-title":"Longitudinal spatial mapping of lipid metabolites reveals pre-symptomatic changes in the hippocampi of Huntington's disease transgenic mice","volume":"176","author":"Farzana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-025-01903-2","article-title":"Restoring endogenous Dlg4\/PSD95 expression by an artificial transcription factor ameliorates cognitive and motor learning deficits in the R6\/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"17","author":"Fernandez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02744-8","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease: challenges and outlooks","volume":"131","author":"Jellinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.104323","article-title":"Hippocampus in health and disease: an overview","volume":"15","author":"Anand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.11.021","article-title":"Episodic recognition memory and the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"113","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.03.015","article-title":"Human hippocampal neurogenesis persists throughout aging","volume":"22","author":"Boldrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/3305","article-title":"Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus","volume":"4","author":"Eriksson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018812","article-title":"Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus","volume":"7","author":"Kempermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.002","article-title":"Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans","volume":"153","author":"Spalding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13045","article-title":"Frontostriatal and limbic contributions to cognitive decline in parkinson's disease","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.08.024","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and white matter disease in the prediction of dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Kandiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01440-6","article-title":"Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Sekiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70118-2","article-title":"New experimental and clinical links between the hippocampus and the dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Calabresi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30291-5","article-title":"Neuropathological and genetic correlates of survival and dementia onset in synucleinopathies: a retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.05.007","article-title":"Dementia and visual hallucinations associated with limbic pathology in Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Kalaitzakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu193","article-title":"Hippocampal lewy pathology and cholinergic dysfunction are associated with dementia in parkinson's disease","volume":"137","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib96","article-title":"Hippocampal-striatal interaction in parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071996","article-title":"The enigmatic CA2: exploring the understudied Region of the hippocampus and its involvement in Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib98","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Pathological correlates of cognitive decline in parkinson's disease: from molecules to neural networks","volume":"88","author":"Novikov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210215","article-title":"The mechanisms of the roles of alpha-Synuclein, amyloid-beta, and tau protein in the lewy body diseases: pathogenesis, early detection, and therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Noguchi-Shinohara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176819","article-title":"Experimental models of parkinson's disease: challenges and opportunities","volume":"980","author":"Lal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.173060","article-title":"Classic and evolving animal models in parkinson's disease","volume":"199","author":"Pingale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90069-N","article-title":"Chronic exposure to low doses of MPTP. I. Cognitive deficits in motor asymptomatic monkeys","volume":"519","author":"Schneider","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.02.040","article-title":"Physical exercise counteracts MPTP-Induced changes in neural precursor cell proliferation in the hippocampus and restores spatial learning but not memory performance in the water maze","volume":"307","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23537","article-title":"Origin of the dopaminergic innervation of adult neurogenic areas","volume":"522","author":"Hoglinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: mechanisms and implications","volume":"15","author":"Dash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123824","article-title":"The role of NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"19","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib108","article-title":"Interplay of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: mechanisms and treatment strategies","author":"Mankovska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020517","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"12","author":"Olufunmilayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104239","article-title":"The irony of parkinson's disease: converging mechanisms of redox imbalance and ferroptosis","volume":"95","author":"Cooke","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101263","article-title":"Oxidative stress and regulated cell death in parkinson's disease","volume":"67","author":"Dionisio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-024-02181-4","article-title":"Dopaminergic neuron metabolism: relevance for understanding parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Flores-Ponce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13031","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Trist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.10.004","article-title":"The glutathione system in parkinson's disease and its progression","volume":"120","author":"Bjorklund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Poewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00378-6","article-title":"Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12781","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in oxidative stress of central nervous system: a mixed blessing","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5703","article-title":"New insights on NOX enzymes in the central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Nayernia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5567","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8342","article-title":"Role of glutathione in parkinson's disease pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of polyphenols","volume":"38","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154757","article-title":"Involvement of antioxidant enzymes in parkinson's disease","volume":"249","author":"Tahavvori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108373","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases","volume":"244","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105325","article-title":"The principal molecular mechanisms behind the activation of Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE pathway leading to neuroprotective action in parkinson's disease","volume":"156","author":"Chakkittukandiyil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05389-0","article-title":"Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in parkinson's Disease: mechanistic crosstalk and therapeutic implications","volume":"63","author":"Jain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27878","article-title":"Systemic activation of Nrf2 pathway in Parkinson's disease","volume":"35","author":"Petrillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0511","article-title":"NRF2 loss accentuates parkinsonian pathology and behavioral dysfunction in human alpha-Synuclein overexpressing mice","volume":"12","author":"Anandhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050571","article-title":"Overcoming oxidative stress in parkinson's disease: NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69031326.x","article-title":"A generalised increase in protein carbonyls in the brain in Parkinson's but not incidental Lewy body disease","volume":"69","author":"Alam","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09133.x","article-title":"Basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra is increased in Parkinson's disease","volume":"52","author":"Dexter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65489-2","article-title":"Multi-omic analysis reveals lipid dysregulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson'S disease brain","volume":"16","author":"Hallqvist","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02251-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA damage triggers spread of Parkinson's disease-like pathology","volume":"28","author":"Tresse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65396-5","article-title":"Parkinson's disease is associated with oxidative damage to cytoplasmic DNA and RNA in substantia nigra neurons","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90175-F","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and parkinson's disease","volume":"52","author":"Damier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084081","article-title":"Dopamine reduction in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients confirmed by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging","volume":"9","author":"Groger","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90355-B","article-title":"Reduced and oxidized glutathione in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"142","author":"Sofic","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111961","article-title":"New opportunities for antioxidants in amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"221","author":"Bhandari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.11.072","article-title":"Increased 8-OHdG levels in the urine, serum, and substantia nigra of hemiparkinsonian rats","volume":"1133","author":"Yasuhara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914231152099","article-title":"Upregulated DNA damage-linked biomarkers in parkinson's disease model mice","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107414","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers of ferroptosis in parkinson's disease","volume":"224","author":"Huin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and dopamine depletion in an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"144","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2696","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in Parkinson disease","volume":"93","author":"Yoritaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/63999","article-title":"The evaluation of the changes in enzymatic antioxidant reserves and lipid peroxidation in chosen parts of the brain in an animal model of parkinson disease","volume":"26","author":"Romuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01208-3","article-title":"The interplay of iron, oxidative stress, and alpha-synuclein in parkinson's disease progression","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med. (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6343","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein oligomers interact with metal ions to induce oxidative stress and neuronal death in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"24","author":"Deas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.102070","article-title":"alpha-synuclein aggregates induce c-Abl activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss by a feed-forward redox stress mechanism","volume":"202","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-026-13900-3","article-title":"The vicious cycle: unraveling the interplay between alpha-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"273","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122466","article-title":"Neuronal oxidative stress promotes alpha-Synuclein aggregation in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Won","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.03.026","article-title":"Phosphorylated alpha-Synuclein accumulations and lewy body-like pathology distributed in parkinson's disease-related brain areas of aged rhesus monkeys treated with MPTP","volume":"379","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12607","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on inducing chronic Parkinson's disease in mouse models","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106889","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction: toxic partners in parkinson's disease","volume":"209","author":"Mingo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0976500X241253648","article-title":"Neurotoxicity by hypoxia an intermediate between alpha-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction in parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Chand","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00756-2","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein pathology disrupts mitochondrial function in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons at-risk in Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"Geibl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020678","article-title":"Mechanistic insights expatiating the redox-active-metal-mediated neuronal degeneration in parkinson's Disease","volume":"23","author":"Behl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03696-4","article-title":"Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants","volume":"98","author":"Jomova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.013","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical generations form the physiologically relevant Fenton-like reactions","volume":"208","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-240011","article-title":"Free radicals and oxidative stress: mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"32","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Antibodies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102477","article-title":"Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease -- the iron-related degenerative disease","volume":"101","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080265","article-title":"Astrocytic oxidative\/nitrosative stress contributes to Parkinson's Disease pathogenesis: the dual role of reactive astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Rizor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.10.031","article-title":"Chronic unpredictable stress impairs endogenous antioxidant defense in rat brain","volume":"584","author":"Che","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10444","article-title":"Parkinson's disease is associated with hippocampal atrophy","volume":"18","author":"Camicioli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib160","first-page":"837","article-title":"Senescence related alteration in hippocampal biogenic amines produces neuropsychological deficits in rats","volume":"27","author":"Saleem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11050074","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's Disease: epidemiology, clinical profile, protective and risk factors","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez-Latapi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24893","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: movement Disorder Society Task Force guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Litvan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27233","article-title":"Global scales for cognitive screening in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations","volume":"33","author":"Skorvanek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0150-7","article-title":"NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390973","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"19","author":"Boonpraman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01265","article-title":"NOX4 exacerbates Parkinson's disease pathology by promoting neuronal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69031196.x","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage in the parkinsonian brain: an apparent selective increase in 8-hydroxyguanine levels in substantia nigra","volume":"69","author":"Alam","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101134","article-title":"Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin prevents learning and memory deficits in a mouse Parkinson's disease model","volume":"22","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6145","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0937239100","article-title":"NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of parkinson's disease","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102210","article-title":"Implication of type 4 NADPH oxidase (NOX4) in tauopathy","volume":"49","author":"Luengo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.07.012","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in humanized APPxPS1 mice is linked to Abeta(1-42) and NOX activation","volume":"44","author":"Bruce-Keller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112500","article-title":"A mini-review of the NADPH oxidases in vascular dementia: correlation with NOXs and risk factors for VaD","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414930112","article-title":"Contribution of reactive oxygen species to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vasomotor dysfunction, and microhemorrhage in aged Tg2576 mice","volume":"112","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711568105","article-title":"Nox2-derived radicals contribute to neurovascular and behavioral dysfunction in mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein","volume":"105","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2019.07.1721","article-title":"The role of NOX inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"7","author":"Barua","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15596","article-title":"Setanaxib, a first-in-class selective NADPH oxidase 1\/4 inhibitor for primary biliary cholangitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"43","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000057","article-title":"Impact of setanaxib on quality of life outcomes in primary biliary cholangitis in a phase 2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01644-4","article-title":"Targeting NOX inhibitors in neurodegeneration: a therapeutic perspective","volume":"40","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123061","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 1\/4 dual inhibitor setanaxib suppresses platelet activation and thrombus formation","volume":"357","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17649","article-title":"Pre-clinical evidence of a dual NADPH oxidase 1\/4 inhibitor (Setanaxib) in liver, kidney and lung fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Thannickal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12315","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705034114","article-title":"NOX4-dependent neuronal autotoxicity and BBB breakdown explain the superior sensitivity of the brain to ischemic damage","volume":"114","author":"Casas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146759","article-title":"Abeta(40) improves cerebrovascular endothelial function via NOX4-Dependent hydrogen peroxide release","volume":"26","author":"Heller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.02.048","article-title":"ECHS1-NOX4 interaction suppresses rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production","volume":"232","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.09.006","article-title":"miR-204-3p\/Nox4 mediates memory deficits in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.038198","article-title":"NOX4 negatively regulates memory functions in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14033","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S555165","article-title":"GLX351322-Loaded nanoparticles alleviate chronic stress-induced depressive behaviors through inhibition of ferroptosis and oxidative stress","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."}],"container-title":["Redox Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213231726003174?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213231726003174?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:59:26Z","timestamp":1788983966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213231726003174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":186,"alternative-id":["S2213231726003174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Hippocampal vulnerability and redox-driven mechanisms.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Redox Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104318","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104318"}}