{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:03:20Z","timestamp":1790859800355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Regulatory Peptides"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,30]],"date-time":"2004-03-30T10:20:36Z","timestamp":1080642036000},"page":"39-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Exogenous and endogenous ghrelin in gastroprotection against stress-induced gastric damage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Brzozowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.C","family":"Konturek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J","family":"Konturek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kwiecie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Drozdowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Bielanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pajdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Nikiforuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.W","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.G","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/45230","article-title":"Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach","volume":"402","author":"Kojima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4753","article-title":"Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelin-like immunoreactivity levels in humans","volume":"86","author":"Ariyasu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.11.4255","article-title":"Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans","volume":"141","author":"Date","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(01)00243-9","article-title":"A-like cells in the rat stomach contain ghrelin and do not operate under gastrin control","volume":"99","author":"Dornonville de la Cour","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(02)00012-5","article-title":"Ghrelin-not just another stomach hormone","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9371","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone; the motilin-related peptide","volume":"119","author":"Tomasetto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/35038090","article-title":"Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents","volume":"407","author":"Tschop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/35051587","article-title":"A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding","volume":"409","author":"Nakazato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3568","article-title":"Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats","volume":"267","author":"Masuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4212","article-title":"Ghrelin acts in the central nervous system to stimulate gastric acid secretion","volume":"280","author":"Date","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4518","article-title":"Upregulation of ghrelin expression in the stomach upon fasting, insulin-induced hypoglycemia and leptin administration","volume":"281","author":"Toshinai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.707","article-title":"Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity","volume":"50","author":"Tschop","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.5.R1483","article-title":"Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers","volume":"280","author":"Nagaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00220-5","article-title":"Ghrelin, an orexigenic signaling molecule from the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"2","author":"Kojima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220756","article-title":"Ghrelin protects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats: studies on the mechanisms of action","volume":"144","author":"Sibilia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00287-9","article-title":"Role of gastric acid secretion in progression of acute gastric erosions induced by ischemia\u2013reperfusion into gastric ulcers","volume":"398","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000007805","article-title":"Central leptin and cholecystokinin in gastroprotection against ethanol-induced damage","volume":"62","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB18","first-page":"610","article-title":"Gastric preconditioning induced by short ischemia: the role of prostaglandins, nitric oxide and adenosine","volume":"7","author":"Konturek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(00)00145-5","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in adaptive cytoprotection induced by mild stress","volume":"94","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB20","first-page":"611","article-title":"Central and peripheral neural aspects of gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of lipopolysaccharides","volume":"52","author":"Konturek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000066762","article-title":"Nitric oxide releasing aspirin protects the gastric mucosa against stress and promotes healing of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage: role of heat shock protein 70","volume":"66","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00500-0","article-title":"A new gastric ulcer model induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat: role of leukocytes on ulceration in rat stomach","volume":"59","author":"Wada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1102","article-title":"Classic NSAID and selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in healing of chronic gastric ulcers","volume":"53","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology","volume":"43","author":"Moncada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12977.x","article-title":"Regulation of gastric mucosal integrity by endogenous nitric oxide: interactions with prostanoids and sensory neuropeptides in the rat","volume":"99","author":"Whittle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934081","article-title":"Role of l-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide-synthase, in gastroprotection and ulcer healing","volume":"32","author":"Brzozowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6451927","article-title":"Nitrate synthesis in the germ-free and conventional rat","volume":"212","author":"Green","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB28","first-page":"G659","article-title":"Duodenal lipid inhibits gastric acid secretion by vagal, capsaicin-sensitive afferent pathways in rats","volume":"264","author":"Lloyd","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509096303","article-title":"Comparison of cholecystokinin, pentagastrin and duodenal oleate in gastroprotection in rats","volume":"30","author":"Konturek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1159\/000201371","article-title":"Role of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in gastroprotection against acid-independent and acid-dependent ulcerogens","volume":"57","author":"Brzozowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB31","first-page":"G363","article-title":"Sensory nerves mediate protective vasodilation in the rat gastric mucosa","volume":"260","author":"Holzer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB32","first-page":"253","article-title":"CCK-evoked hyperemia in rat gastric mucosa in involves neural mechanisms and nitric oxide","volume":"270","author":"Heineman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000201462","article-title":"Role of \u03b2-adrenoceptors in gastric mucosal integrity and gastroprotection induced by epidermal growth factor","volume":"58","author":"Brzozowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80022-5","article-title":"Role of the adrenal cortex in gastric mucosal protection by prostaglandins, sulfhydryls, and cimetidine in the rat","volume":"85","author":"Szabo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90720-X","article-title":"Cimetidine and omeprazole accelerate gastric ulcer healing by an increase in gastrin secretion","volume":"253","author":"Ito","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90235-X","article-title":"Cytoprotection by prostaglandins","volume":"77","author":"Robert","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220795","article-title":"Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin-producing neurons are targets for ghrelin actions in the rat hypothalamus","volume":"144","author":"Seoane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1740283","article-title":"Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of stomach ghrelin in rats","volume":"174","author":"Murakami","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000048225","article-title":"Evidence for a central inhibitory role of growth hormone secretagogues and ghrelin on gastric acid secretion in conscious rats","volume":"75","author":"Sibilia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00120-A","article-title":"Role of endogenous gastrin in gastroprotection","volume":"278","author":"Konturek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000199763","article-title":"Interaction of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin on ulcer healing and mucosal growth in rats: role of gastrin and epidermal growth factor","volume":"41","author":"Konturek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90464-C","article-title":"Role of epidermal growth factor, prostaglandin and sulfhydryls in stress-induced gastric lesions","volume":"99","author":"Konturek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90019-1","article-title":"Nitric oxide as mediator of the gastroprotection by cholecystokinin-8 and pentagastrin","volume":"260","author":"Stroff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00748-8","article-title":"Role of leptin in ulcer healing","volume":"414","author":"Konturek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(01)00047-X","article-title":"Role of leptin in the in stomach and the pancreas","volume":"95","author":"Konturek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Paris)"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB46","first-page":"309","article-title":"Studies on gastroprotection induced by capsaicin and papaverine","volume":"4","author":"Brzozowski","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000201352","article-title":"Role of prostaglandins and calcitonin gene-related peptide in central vagal cholinergic-dependent protection against gastric injury in urethane-anesthetized rats","volume":"57","author":"Kato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90272-4","article-title":"Protection by gastrin in the rat stomach involves afferent neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide","volume":"109","author":"Stroff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000035395.51441.10","article-title":"Central ghrelin modulates sympathetic activity in conscious rabbits","volume":"40","author":"Matsumura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Regulatory Peptides"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167011504000503?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167011504000503?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T20:52:20Z","timestamp":1585687940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167011504000503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167011504000503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.02.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-0115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-0115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}}}