{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:39:45Z","timestamp":1791290385074,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T06:26:46Z","timestamp":1669789606000},"page":"100711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of SPINK2, SPACA7 and PDCL2: Effect of immunization on fecundity, sperm function and testicular transcriptome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jamil","family":"Aisha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Yenugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.103","article-title":"Male germ cell gene expression","volume":"57","author":"Eddy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz103","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals 30 testis-enriched genes dispensable for male fertility in mice\u2020","volume":"101","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-021-00127-7","article-title":"Human testis-expressed (TEX) genes: a review focused on spermatogenesis and male fertility","volume":"31","author":"Bellil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.634536","article-title":"Genes regulating spermatogenesis and sperm function associated with rare disorders","volume":"9","author":"Linn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2021.2010548","article-title":"Protein markers of spermatogenesis and their potential use in the management of azoospermia","volume":"18","author":"Araujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab229","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing of a cohort of infertile men reveals novel causative genes in teratozoospermia that are chiefly related to sperm head defects","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251028","article-title":"SPATS1 (spermatogenesis-associated, serine-rich 1) is not essential for spermatogenesis and fertility in mouse","volume":"16","author":"Capoano","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10847","article-title":"Retinoic acid induced protein 14 (Rai14) is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib9","article-title":"Tex13a optimizes sperm motility via its potential roles in mRNA turnover","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"PAZ domain is critical for spermatogenesis in chicken","author":"Qi-Xin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu W., Zhang Y., Qin D., Gui Y., Wang S., Du G.\u00a0et al. Transcription factor-like 5 is a potential DNA\/RNA-binding protein essential for maintaining male fertility in mice. J Cell Sci; 2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.17.448807"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10154","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.445866","article-title":"Spink13, an epididymis-specific gene of the Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (SPINK) family, is essential for the acrosomal integrity and male fertility","volume":"288","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29108","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.244905","article-title":"Impaired spermatogenesis and fertility in mice carrying a mutation in the Spink2 gene expressed predominantly in testes","volume":"286","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01159.x","article-title":"The mode of reproductive-derived Spink (serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type) action in the modulation of mammalian sperm activity","volume":"35","author":"Ou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2003.11.017","article-title":"Gene expression patterns associated with infertility in humans and rodent models","volume":"549","author":"Rockett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gep.2018.12.001","article-title":"Expressional and functional analyses of epididymal SPINKs in mice","volume":"31","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene Expr Patterns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.111831","article-title":"SPACA7 is a novel male germ cell-specific protein localized to the sperm acrosome that is involved in fertilization in mice","volume":"90","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab144","article-title":"Loss of SPACA1 function causes autosomal recessive globozoospermia by damaging the acrosome-acroplaxome complex","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.081778","article-title":"SPACA1-deficient male mice are infertile with abnormally shaped sperm heads reminiscent of globozoospermia","volume":"139","author":"Fujihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz223","article-title":"Cleavage of SPACA1 regulates assembly of sperm-egg membrane fusion machinery in mature spermatozoa\u2020","volume":"102","author":"Yamatoya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199415000623","article-title":"Individual differences in the distribution of sperm acrosome-associated 1 proteins among male patients of infertile couples; their possible impact on outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilization","volume":"24","author":"Kishida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib22","first-page":"118","article-title":"The conserved fertility factor SPACA4\/Bouncer has divergent modes of action in vertebrate fertilization","author":"Fujihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11493","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922650117","article-title":"Sperm proteins SOF1, TMEM95, and SPACA6 are required for sperm-oocyte fusion in mice","volume":"117","author":"Noda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5164","article-title":"Expression profile of SPACA5\/Spaca5 in spermatogenesis and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6544","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0911","article-title":"The spermatozoa protein, SLLP1, is a novel cancer-testis antigen in hematologic malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2014.907506","article-title":"SPACA3 gene variants in a New Zealand cohort of infertile and fertile couples","volume":"17","author":"Prendergast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22358","article-title":"The acrosomal protein SP-10 (Acrv1) is an ideal marker for staging of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in the mouse","volume":"81","author":"Osuru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2007.06.013","article-title":"Function of phosducin-like proteins in G protein signaling and chaperone-assisted protein folding","volume":"19","author":"Willardson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25669","article-title":"Interaction of a novel Chaperone PhLP2A With the Heat Shock Protein Hsp90","volume":"118","author":"Krzemie\u0144-Ojak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-015-9468-3","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced expression of phosducin-like 3 regulates expression of VEGFR-2 and promotes angiogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117129","article-title":"Retinal cone photoreceptors require phosducin-like protein 1 for G protein complex assembly and signaling","volume":"10","author":"Tracy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.11.3313","article-title":"Roles of heterotrimeric and monomeric G proteins in sperm-induced activation of mouse eggs","volume":"120","author":"Moore","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.08.027","article-title":"Transgenesis and active immunization mediated reduction of sperm associated antigen 11A mRNA and protein levels affect fecundity in the rat","volume":"157","author":"Sangeeta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib34","first-page":"681","article-title":"SOPMA: significant improvements in protein secondary structure prediction by consensus prediction from multiple alignments","volume":"11","author":"Geourjon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput Appl Biosci CABIOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau018","article-title":"The human testis-specific proteome defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling","volume":"20","author":"Djureinovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215184","article-title":"Control of human testis-specific gene expression","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00170","article-title":"Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ-cell differentiation","volume":"128","author":"Kimmins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8315","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709854105","article-title":"Stage-specific gene expression is a fundamental characteristic of rat spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells","volume":"105","author":"Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib39","first-page":"7","article-title":"Testicular germ cell-specific lncRNA, Teshl, is required for complete expression of Y chromosome genes and a normal offspring sex ratio","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00351","article-title":"Cell type-specific expression of testis elevated genes based on transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics","volume":"18","author":"Pineau","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0270","article-title":"Identification of a new mouse sperm acrosome-associated protein","volume":"143","author":"Korfanty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib42","unstructured":"Atlas P. PDCL2. In."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1220041","article-title":"Regulation of gene transcription in the epididymis","volume":"122","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-95-3-701","article-title":"Concentration of testosterone in testis fluid of the rat","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"1974","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01959901","article-title":"Androgen levels in the rete testis fluid during sexual development","volume":"37","author":"Harris","year":"1981","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117002129","article-title":"Active immunization against GnRH in pre-pubertal domestic mammals: testicular morphometry, histopathology and endocrine responses in rabbits, guinea pigs and ram lambs","volume":"12","author":"Aponte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.11.001","article-title":"Immunization against lysozyme-like proteins affect sperm function and fertility in the rat","volume":"118","author":"Narmadha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12321","article-title":"shRNA mediated ablation of prostate and testis expressed (Pate) messenger RNA results in impaired sperm function and fertility","volume":"5","author":"Rajesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.01.039","article-title":"The role of active immunization against inhibin \u03b1-subunit on testicular development, testosterone concentration and relevant genes expressions in testis, hypothalamus and pituitary glands in Yangzhou goose ganders","volume":"128","author":"Akhtar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-022-03623-y","article-title":"Ablation of the sperm-associated antigen 11A (SPAG11A) protein by active immunization promotes epididymal oncogenesis in the rat","author":"Sangeeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.03.005","article-title":"Role of exosomes in sperm maturation during the transit along the male reproductive tract","volume":"35","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.07.002","article-title":"A review on the stem cell therapy and an introduction to exosomes as a new tool in reproductive medicine","volume":"20","author":"Kharazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib53","article-title":"Proteomic analysis and miRNA profiling of human testicular endothelial cell-derived exosomes: the potential effects on spermatogenesis","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.08.001","article-title":"The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"173","author":"Salek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib55","first-page":"162","article-title":"Thy1-positive spermatogonia suppress the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells by extracellular vesicles in vitro","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25760","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.486258","article-title":"Splice isoforms of phosducin-like protein control the expression of heterotrimeric G proteins","volume":"288","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711_bib57","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating spermatogenesis in vertebrates: environmental, metabolic, and epigenetic factor effects","author":"Guerra-Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1642431X22001103?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1642431X22001103?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:23:41Z","timestamp":1761647021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1642431X22001103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1642431X22001103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1642-431X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1642-431X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of SPINK2, SPACA7 and PDCL2: Effect of immunization on fecundity, sperm function and testicular transcriptome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100711","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Society for Biology of Reproduction & the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100711"}}