{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:07Z","timestamp":1760145247097,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T01:54:58Z","timestamp":1632275698000},"page":"17-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of extended antrum ablation based on substrate mapping plus pulmonary vein isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Quan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang-Hua","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Zhou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-Wen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602014","article-title":"Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"374","author":"Kuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1232-4","article-title":"Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"107","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13402","article-title":"Ice or fire? Comparison of second-generation cryoballoon ablation and radiofrequency ablation in patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation and an enlarged left atrium","volume":"29","author":"Akkaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12582","article-title":"Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"38","author":"Wasserlauf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000922","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of wide antral versus ostial pulmonary vein isolation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Proietti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476","article-title":"Rate control vs rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study","volume":"126","author":"Opolski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005405","article-title":"STABLE-SR (electrophysiological substrate ablation in the left atrium during sinus rhythm) for the treatment of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0250","first-page":"1253","article-title":"The electrical isolation of the left atrial posterior wall in catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC: Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux005","article-title":"Left atrial appendage isolation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation: one-year clinical outcome after cryoballoon-based ablation","volume":"19","author":"Yorgun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.05.014","article-title":"Posterior wall isolation using the cryoballoon in conjunction with pulmonary vein ablation is superior to pulmonary vein isolation alone in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a multicenter experience","volume":"15","author":"Aryana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0265","first-page":"315","article-title":"Current knowledge and management recommendations of atrial fibrillation-2018","author":"Congxin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiac Arrhyth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-019-00537-8","article-title":"Left atrial voltage mapping: defining and targeting the atrial fibrillation substrate","volume":"56","author":"Sim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup289","article-title":"Electrophysiological evaluation of pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.06.004","article-title":"Assessment of exit block following pulmonary vein isolation: far-field capture masquerading as entrance without exit block","volume":"9","author":"Vijayaraman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.059","article-title":"Benefit of pulmonary vein isolation guided by loss of pace capture on the ablation line: results from a prospective 2-center randomized trial","volume":"62","author":"Steven","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal","volume":"91","author":"Schotten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur140","article-title":"Pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency ablation followed by cryotherapy: a novel strategy to improve clinical outcomes following catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Tayebjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eropace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0300","first-page":"347","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of the first and second generation cryoballoon of electrical isolation of pulmonary vein","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiac Arrhyth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2017.11.008","article-title":"Characteristics of dormant pulmonary vein conduction induced by adenosine triphosphate in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation","volume":"71","author":"Okishige","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12108","article-title":"Influence of balloon temperature and time to pulmonary vein isolation on acute pulmonary vein reconnection and clinical outcomes after cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.10.018","article-title":"Atrioesophageal fistula formation with cryoballoon ablation is most commonly related to the left inferior pulmonary vein","volume":"14","author":"John","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12986","article-title":"Single 3-minute versus double 4-minute freeze strategy for second-generation cryoballoon ablation: a single-center experience","volume":"27","author":"Ciconte","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2016.12.002","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Reissmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13607","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation ablation using cryoballoon technology: recent advances and practical techniques","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6989","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006989","article-title":"Multicenter study of the validity of additional freeze cycles for cryoballoon ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-016-0987-8","article-title":"Bonus-freeze: benefit or risk? Two-year outcome and procedural comparison of a \u201cbonus-freeze\u201d and \u201cno bonus-freeze\u201d protocol using the second-generation cryoballoon for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"105","author":"Heeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4411-6","article-title":"Assessments of pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomical variants in atrial fibrillation patients for catheter ablation with cardiac CT","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0373-8","article-title":"Impact of an additional right pulmonary vein on second-generation cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: a propensity matched score study","volume":"54","author":"Takarada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13247","article-title":"Outcome in patients with left common pulmonary vein after cryoablation with second-generation cryoballoon","volume":"41","author":"Beiert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2303030315","article-title":"Variations in pulmonary venous drainage to the left atrium: implications for radiofrequency ablation","volume":"230","author":"Marom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2351032106","article-title":"Pulmonary vein diameter, cross-sectional area, and shape: CT analysis","volume":"235","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0370","first-page":"419","article-title":"The clinical outcome of second generation balloon cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiac Arrhyth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002776","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: one-year outcome using second generation cryoballoon","volume":"8","author":"Koektuerk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.064","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: first results of the North American Arctic Front (STOP AF) pivotal trial","volume":"61","author":"Packer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13813","article-title":"A multicentered evaluation of ablation at higher power guided by ablation index: establishing ablation targets for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"30","author":"Dhillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005767","article-title":"Laser balloon or wide-area circumferential irrigated radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a multicenter prospective randomized study","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0501-5","article-title":"The modified ablation index: a novel determinant of acute pulmonary vein reconnections after pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"55","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.014","article-title":"Complexity and distribution of drivers in relation to duration of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"69","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00679.x","article-title":"Gradients of atrial refractoriness and inducibility of atrial fibrillation due to stimulation of ganglionated plexi","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.04.023","article-title":"Vagal responses induced by endocardial left atrial autonomic ganglion stimulation before and after pulmonary vein antrum isolation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Verma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0870255121003747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0870255121003747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:10:17Z","timestamp":1760109017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0870255121003747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0870255121003747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0870-2551"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0870-2551"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of extended antrum ablation based on substrate mapping plus pulmonary vein isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repc.2021.02.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}