{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:22:08Z","timestamp":1792858928394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T10:49:55Z","timestamp":1177930195000},"page":"31-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["Embryonic oxidative stress as a mechanism of teratogenesis with special emphasis on diabetic embryopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Asher","family":"Ornoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009148569","article-title":"How to characterize a biological antioxidant","volume":"9","author":"Halliwell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Radic Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib2","first-page":"598","article-title":"Free radicals, antioxidants and human diseases: where are we now?","volume":"119","author":"Halliwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib3","series-title":"Free radicals in biology and medicine","author":"Halliwell","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230290166724","article-title":"Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reaction and methods for their quantitation","volume":"30","author":"Kohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.35.4.470","article-title":"Acetyl homocysteine thiolactone induced increase: superoxide dismutase counteracts the effect of sub diabetogenic doses of streptozocin","volume":"35","author":"Papaccio","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420490315","article-title":"Role of oxygen free radicals in cocaine-induced vascular disruption in mice","volume":"49","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420460313","article-title":"Ischemia reperfusion: a new hypothesis for the developmental toxicity of cocaine","volume":"46","author":"Fantel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.3.411","article-title":"Diabetes and embryonic malformations. Role of substrate-induced free oxygen radical production for dysmorphogenesis in cultured rat embryos","volume":"42","author":"Eriksson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021879504372","article-title":"Congenital malformations in offspring of diabetic mothers\u2013animal and human studies","volume":"4","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199912)60:6<376::AID-TERA10>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the diabetes-induced anomalies in rat embryos in vitro: reduction in antioxidant enzymes and LMWA may be the causative factor for increased anomalies","volume":"60","author":"Ornoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114007","article-title":"Rat lung, Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase, isolation and sequence of full-length cDNA and studies of enzyme induction","volume":"83","author":"Hass","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90146-L","article-title":"Interaction of vitamin C and vitamin E during free radical stress in plasma","volume":"14","author":"Sharma","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib13","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress indices during treatment in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"3","author":"Karowicz-Bilinska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-196-43171A","article-title":"Oxygen-reactive species and antioxidant response during development. The metabolic paradox of cellular differentiation","volume":"196","author":"Allen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020110205","article-title":"Temporal expression of genes encoding free radical-metabolizing enzymes is associated with higher mRNA levels during in vitro development in mice","volume":"11","author":"El Hage","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050636","article-title":"Teratogenic effect of diabetic serum is prevented by suplementation of superoxide dismutase and N-acetylcysteine in rat embryo culture","volume":"40","author":"Wentzel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib17","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in diabetes-induced embryo toxicity: studies on pre-implantation mouse embryos cultured in serum from diabetic pregnant woman","volume":"32","author":"Ornoy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000065736.69214.20","article-title":"Developmental changes in murine brain antioxidant enzymes","volume":"54","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63803-5","article-title":"Trophoblastic oxidative stress in relation to temporal and regional differences in maternal placental blood flow in normal and abnormal early pregnancies","volume":"162","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-16-2-164","article-title":"Cytokines as mediators of autoimmune diabetes and diabetic complications","volume":"16","author":"Pankewycz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib21","first-page":"110","article-title":"The development of antioxidant defense mechanism in young rat embryos in vivo and in vitro","volume":"4","author":"Zaken","year":"2000","journal-title":"Early Pregnancy Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib22","unstructured":"Avgil M. Cohen diabetic rat: a unique experimental rat model combining genetic and environmental causative factors for the research of fetal growth restriction. Emphasis on the oxidant antioxidant status. MSc thesis, Hebrew University, August 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib23","first-page":"247","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species in diabetes-induced anomalies in embryos of Cohen diabetic rats","volume":"3","author":"Zangen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Exp Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1987.tb00908.x","article-title":"Increased diene conjugates in diabetic subjects with microangiopathy","volume":"4","author":"Jennings","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20144","article-title":"Antioxidative treatment of pregnant diabetic rats diminishes embryonic dysmorphogenesis","volume":"73","author":"Cederberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050844","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation of the maternal diet reduces the rate of malformation in the offspring of diabetic rats","volume":"40","author":"Sivan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1045","article-title":"Vitamins C and E improve rat embryonic antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic culture medium","volume":"64","author":"Zaken","year":"2001","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760000300131","article-title":"Increased hepatic lipid soluble antioxidant capacity as compared to other organs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a cyclic voltammetry study","volume":"32","author":"Elangovan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2871","article-title":"Polymorphic susceptibility to the molecular causes of neural tube defects during diabetic embryopathy","volume":"51","author":"Pani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2521","article-title":"The newly inbred Cohen diabetic rat: a nonobese normolipidemic genetic model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes expressing sex differences","volume":"50","author":"Weksler-Zangen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10043","article-title":"Reduced SOD activity and increased neural tube defects in embryos of the sensitive but not of the resistant Cohen diabetic rats cultured under diabetic conditions","volume":"67","author":"Weksler-Zangen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20227","article-title":"Alterations in the expression of antioxidant genes and the levels of transcription factor NF-kappa B in relation to diabetic embryopathy in the Cohen diabetic rat model","volume":"76","author":"Zangen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E591","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00441.2004","article-title":"Hypoxic stress in diabetic pregnancy contributes to impaired embryo gene expression and defective development by inducing oxidative stress","volume":"289","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818709161417","article-title":"Effects of hyperglycemia and ketone bodies on the in vitro development of early somite rat embryos","volume":"7","author":"Zusman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(95)00067-I","article-title":"Serum from women with gestational diabetes is teratogenic to rat embryos in culture","volume":"9","author":"Ornoy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-94-22862","article-title":"Hypoxia at normal atmospheric pressure as a cause of congenital malformations in mice","volume":"94","author":"Curley","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.04.007","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction; etiology and consequences: what do we know about the human situation and experimental animal models","volume":"20","author":"Ergaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib38","first-page":"527","article-title":"Diving seals: are they a model for coping with oxidative stress?","volume":"133C","author":"Zenteno-Savin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-137.x","article-title":"Antioxidants, NF kappa B activation and diabetogenesis","author":"Ho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000182595.62545.EE","article-title":"Reoxygenation of hypoxic mice with 100% oxygen induces brain nuclear factor-kappa B","volume":"58","author":"Dohlen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.2.1013","article-title":"Role of oxidant in NF-\u03baB activation and TNF alfa gene transcription induced by hypoxia and endotoxin","volume":"165","author":"Chandel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-005-019-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress caused by acute and chronic exposition to altitude","volume":"155","author":"Foldes-Papp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc704","article-title":"Hypoxia: a key regulatory factor in tumor growth","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.008","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 proteomics and diving adaptations in ringed seal","volume":"39","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.12.3226","article-title":"Hyperglycemia regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 \u03b1 protien stability and function","volume":"53","author":"Catrina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5841","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0991","article-title":"Genetic variation in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 \u03b1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in Japanese","volume":"90","author":"Yamada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.5.743","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine exposure and fetal vascular disruption","volume":"85","author":"Hoyme","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib48","first-page":"778","article-title":"Risks associated with cocaine use during pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Slutker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00209-4","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine exposure induces an attenuation of uterine blood flow in the rat","volume":"24","author":"Lipton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2003.08.006","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine administration increases glutathione and alpha-tocopherol oxidation in fetal rat brain","volume":"147","author":"Lipton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.061","article-title":"Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in the brain of rats exposed in utero to cocaine","volume":"1074","author":"Bashkatova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.06.012","article-title":"Cocaine-induced oxidative stress precedes cell death in human neuronal progenitor cells","volume":"50","author":"Poon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199904)59:4<222::AID-TERA6>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Cognitive function and prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation","volume":"59","author":"Schull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199904)59:4<227::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Childhood and adult cancer after intrauterine exposure to ionizing radiation","volume":"59","author":"Boice","year":"1999","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.04.004","article-title":"Ionizing radiations in pregnancy and teratogenesis. A review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"De Santis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.09.004","article-title":"Unraveling the fundamental molecular mechanisms of morphological and cognitive defects in the irradiated brain","volume":"53","author":"Verheyde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.10.001","article-title":"Ionizing radiation-induced damage on developing celebellar granule cells cultures can be prevented by an early amifostine post-treatment","volume":"23","author":"Guelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-006-0137-6","article-title":"Alpha lipoic acid attenuates x-irradiation-induced oxidative stress in mice","volume":"23","author":"Manda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib59","first-page":"109","article-title":"Polyamine protect against radiation-induced oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"von Deutch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gravit Space Biol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib60","first-page":"281","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in the radiation-induced effects in the developing brain","volume":"18","author":"Gisone","year":"2004","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib61","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Recognition of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"245","author":"Claren","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(95)00005-C","article-title":"An update on the incidence of FAS: FAS is not an equal opportunity birth defect","volume":"17","author":"Abel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460150065025","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults","volume":"265","author":"Streissguth","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199511000-00005","article-title":"The association of moderate maternal and paternal alcohol consumption with birthweight and gestational age","volume":"6","author":"Windham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20017","article-title":"Risk for congenital anomalies with different sporadic and daily doses of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. A case control study","volume":"70","author":"Martinez-Frias","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib66","first-page":"277","article-title":"Ethanol induces the generation of reactive free radicals by neural crest cells in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520304","article-title":"Ethanol-induced teratogenesis: free radical damage as a possible mechanism","volume":"52","author":"Kotch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01123-0","article-title":"Ethanol-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species in developing rat cerebellum","volume":"334","author":"Heaton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R796","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00633.2005","article-title":"Intrauterine ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic oxidative stress and neuroendocrine alterations in adult rat offspring","volume":"291","author":"Dembele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(98)00051-2","article-title":"The antioxidants vitamin E and beta carotene protect against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in embryonic rat hippocampal cultures","volume":"17","author":"Mithchell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00208.x","article-title":"Antioxidative treatment diminishes ethano-induced congenital malformations in the rat","volume":"30","author":"Wentzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760100300011","article-title":"Protective effects of folic acid against oxidative stress produced in 21 day postpartum rats by maternal ethanol chronic consumption during pregnancy and lactation period","volume":"34","author":"Cano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(02)00324-0","article-title":"Antioxidants and fetal protection against ethanol teratogenicity. I. Review of the experimental data and implications to humans","volume":"25","author":"Cohen-Kerem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib74","first-page":"75","article-title":"Smoking and reproductive health. Am. College Obst. Gynecol. Technical bulletin number 180","volume":"43","author":"Anonymous","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199706)55:6<382::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Teratogen update: smoking and reproductive outcome","volume":"55","author":"Werler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.9.1138","article-title":"Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children?","volume":"153","author":"Milberger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1318","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior","volume":"111","author":"Law","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib78","first-page":"68","article-title":"Prooxidant effects of meternal smoking and formula in newborn infants","volume":"24","author":"Schwarz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib79","first-page":"405","article-title":"Influence of smoking on maternal and neonatal serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels","volume":"34","author":"Ermis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noakes PS, Thomas R, Lane C, Mori TA, Barden AE, Devadason SG, Prescott SL. Maternal smoking is associated with increased infant oxidative stress at 3 months of age. Thorax 2007.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061630"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2003.11.002","article-title":"In utero exposure to tobacco and alcohol modifies neurobehavioral development in mice offspring: consideration for a role of oxidative stress","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20052","article-title":"Nicotine-induced embryonic malformations mediated by apoptosis from increasing intracellular calcium and ocxidative stress","volume":"74","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00012-9","article-title":"Peroxidase-dependent bioactivation and oxidation of DNA and protein in benzo[a]pyrene-initiated micronucleus formation","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0140com","article-title":"Embryonic prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PHS-2) expression and benzo[a]pyrene teratogenicity in PHS-2 knockout mice","volume":"16","author":"Parman","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239609110574","article-title":"Biochemical toxicology of chemical teratogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Wells","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/8466","article-title":"Free radical-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity","volume":"5","author":"Parman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml016","article-title":"Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: involvement of oxidative stress and implications in human evolution","volume":"12","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum reprod update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060161","article-title":"Trophoblastic oxidative stress and the release of cell-free feto placental DNA","volume":"169","author":"Tjoa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib89","first-page":"1644","article-title":"Decreased superoxide dismutase expression and increased concentrations of lipid peroxides and prostaglandin F (2 alpha) in the deciduas of failed pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Sugino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01663.x","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage and variant alleles of mannose binding lectin, tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha genes","volume":"126","author":"Baxter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623807000950?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623807000950?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:26:23Z","timestamp":1760189183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623807000950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890623807000950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Embryonic oxidative stress as a mechanism of teratogenesis with special emphasis on diabetic embryopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}