{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:10:54Z","timestamp":1785499854351,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,4]],"date-time":"2014-05-04T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1399239014000},"page":"72-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Developmental neurotoxicity and anticonvulsant drugs: A possible link"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Verrotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Scaparrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cofini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Chiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.M.","family":"Tiboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.08.022","article-title":"Postnatal concerns in children born to women with epilepsy","volume":"11","author":"Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70323-X","article-title":"Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study","volume":"12","author":"Meador","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029132","article-title":"The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy","volume":"75","author":"Adab","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.5.681","article-title":"Anticonvulsant treatment for psychiatric and seizure indications among youths","volume":"57","author":"Zito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0025","first-page":"31","article-title":"Varying uses of anticonvulsant medications","volume":"5","author":"Cascade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121424","article-title":"Developmental neuropathology of environmental agents","volume":"44","author":"Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01663.x","article-title":"Psychomotor development in preschool children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero","volume":"91","author":"Wide","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01376.x","article-title":"Intellectual and language functions in children of mothers with epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803531","article-title":"Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs","volume":"360","author":"Meador","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.10.011","article-title":"The behavioral consequences of exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero","volume":"14","author":"Vinten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/11317640-000000000-00000","article-title":"Long-term developmental outcome of children of women with epilepsy, unexposed or exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"33","author":"Banach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d62c7","article-title":"Language skills of school-aged children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs","volume":"76","author":"Nadebaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00188.x","article-title":"Fetal valproate syndrome and autism: additional evidence of an association","volume":"43","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2270","article-title":"Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism","volume":"309","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq352","article-title":"Foetal antiepileptic drug exposure and verbal versus non-verbal abilities at three years of age","volume":"34","author":"Meador","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20090","article-title":"Postnatal growth and morphological development of the brain: a species comparison","volume":"77","author":"Watson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_sbref0085a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.10037","article-title":"Species comparison of postnatal CNS development: functional measures","volume":"68","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_sbref0085b","series-title":"Development and reproductive toxicology: a practical approach","first-page":"1103","author":"Hood","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.01.014","article-title":"Extrapolating brain development from experimental species to humans","volume":"28","author":"Clancy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0095","first-page":"145","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity induced by therapeutic and illicit drugs","volume":"102","author":"Vorhees","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(98)00028-2","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of phenytoin on postnatal mouse brain development following neonatal administration","volume":"21","author":"Hatta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0105","first-page":"643","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of antiepileptic drugs","volume":"186","author":"Hansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"See Ref"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350302","article-title":"Fetal hydanthoin syndrome in rats: dose\u2013effect relationships of prenatal phenytoin on postnatal development and behavior","volume":"35","author":"Vorhees","year":"1987","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(89)90072-X","article-title":"Long-term effects of prenatal phenytoin exposure on offspring behavior in rats","volume":"11","author":"Vorhees","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00019-7","article-title":"Prenatal phenytoin exposure and spatial navigation in offspring: effects on reference and working memory and on discrimination learning","volume":"21","author":"Schilling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(97)00014-7","article-title":"Effects of low-dose phenytoin administered to newborn mice on developing cerebellum","volume":"19","author":"Ohmori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.721497.x","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of phenytoin on granule cells and Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellum","volume":"72","author":"Ohmori","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10688-5","article-title":"Diphenylhydantoin induces apoptotic cell death of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons","volume":"274","author":"Yan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90172-1","article-title":"Phenytoin neurotoxicity in developing mouse cerebellum in tissue culture","volume":"55","author":"Blank","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0145","first-page":"323","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs which block sodium channels cause neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain","volume":"26","author":"Ikonomidou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.11.956","article-title":"Neurotoxic damage of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and the cerebellum and cognitive deficit following neonatal administration of phenytoin in mice","volume":"61","author":"Ogura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.01.010","article-title":"Protective role of endogenous catalase in baseline and phenytoin-enhanced neurodevelopmental and behavioral deficits initiated in utero and in aged mice","volume":"33","author":"Abramov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420240202","article-title":"Effect of prenatal phenytoin administration on postnatal development of the rat: a behavior teratology study","volume":"24","author":"Elmazar","year":"1981","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420430402","article-title":"Comparison of the behavioral teratogenic potential of phenytoin, mephenytoin, ethotoin, and hydantoin in rats","volume":"43","author":"Minck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.12.006","article-title":"Permanent motor activity and learning disorders induced by exposure to phenytoin during gestation and early infancy in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Wolansky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(75)90083-7","article-title":"Effect of chronic phenobarbital administration upon brain growth in the infant rat","volume":"49","author":"Schain","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000145590","article-title":"Neuronal losses in mice following both prenatal and neonatal exposure to phenobarbital","volume":"114","author":"Bergman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90392-8","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence of long-lasting cerebellar degeneration after early exposure to phenobarbital in mice","volume":"79","author":"Fishman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(92)90002-F","article-title":"Hippocampal cholinergic alterations and related behavioral deficits after early exposure to phenobarbital","volume":"29","author":"Rogel-Fuchs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0195","first-page":"551","article-title":"Barbiturates and benzodiazepines cause apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain","volume":"25","author":"Bittigau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0200","first-page":"323","article-title":"Antiepileptics which enhance GABAergic inhibition cause neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain","volume":"26","author":"Bittigau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03297.x","article-title":"Pattern of antiepileptic drug-induced cell death in limbic regions of the neonatal rat brain","volume":"52","author":"Forcelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02603.x","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies to avoid long-term adverse outcomes of neonatal antiepileptic drug exposure","volume":"51","author":"Forcelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0967-3","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived test systems for developmental neurotoxicity: a transcriptomics approach","volume":"87","author":"Krug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00177911","article-title":"Behavioral teratogenicity of valproic acid: selective effects on behavior after prenatal exposure to rats","volume":"92","author":"Vorhees","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.08.006","article-title":"Valproate-induced developmental neurotoxicity is affected by maternal conditions including shipping stress and environmental change during early pregnancy","volume":"174","author":"Ogawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.11.111","article-title":"Developmental exposure to valproate and ethanol alters locomotor activity and retino-tectal projection area in zebrafish embryos","volume":"33","author":"Cowden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.05.004","article-title":"Development of a screening assay to identify teratogenic and embryotoxic chemicals using the zebrafish embryo","volume":"28","author":"Selderslaghs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.06.007","article-title":"Rearing conditions differentially affect the locomotor behavior of larval zebrafish, but not their response to valproate-induced developmental neurotoxicity","volume":"33","author":"Zellner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.02.014","article-title":"Valproic acid in pregnancy: how much are we endangering the embryo and fetus?","volume":"28","author":"Ornoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Embryological origin for autism: developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei","volume":"370","author":"Rodier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00083-5","article-title":"Prenatal exposure of rats to valproic acid reproduces the cerebellar anomalies associated with autism","volume":"22","author":"Ingram","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300518","article-title":"Behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: animal model of autism","volume":"30","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.01.006","article-title":"Observation of fetal brain in a rat valproate-induced autism model: a developmental neurotoxicity study","volume":"27","author":"Kuwagata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.5.889","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of autism","volume":"121","author":"Bailey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03027.x","article-title":"Serotonin and dopamine transporter binding in children with autism determined by SPECT","volume":"50","author":"Makkonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.09.015","article-title":"What the rodent prefrontal cortex can teach us about attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: the critical role of early developmental events on prefrontal function","volume":"146","author":"Sullivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979609","article-title":"Carbamazepine clinical pharmacology: a review","volume":"28","author":"Albani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.123133","article-title":"Effects of lamotrigine alone and in combination with MK-801, phenobarbital, or phenytoin on cell death in the neonatal rat brain","volume":"322","author":"Katz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.01.002","article-title":"Do pediatric drugs cause developing neurons to commit suicide?","volume":"25","author":"Olney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"Voltage-dependent calcium channels","volume":"24","author":"Lacinova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gen Physiol Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.05.019","article-title":"MK801-induced caspase-3 in the postnatal brain: inverse relationship with calcium binding proteins","volume":"141","author":"Lema Tome\u2032CM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000095221","article-title":"Widespread neonatal brain damage following calcium channel blockade","volume":"29","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23600","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs disrupts striatal synaptic development","volume":"72","author":"Forcelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01056.x","article-title":"Fetal exposure to GABA-acting antiepileptic drugs generates hippocampal and cortical dysplasias","volume":"48","author":"Manent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20038","article-title":"Development of vigabatrin-induced lesions in the rat brain studied by magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and immunocytochemistry","volume":"53","author":"Preece","year":"2004","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0441-6","article-title":"Maternal exposure to the antiepileptic drug vigabatrin affects postnatal development in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Lombardo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.1999.tb00314.x","article-title":"Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and tiagabine on GABA uptake into human astrocytes cultured from foetal and adult brain tissue","volume":"1","author":"Fraser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.14104.x","article-title":"Neurotoxicity induced by antiepileptic drugs in cultured hippocampal neurons: a comparative study between carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and two new putative antiepileptic drugs, BIA 2-024 and BIA 2-093","volume":"45","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp175","article-title":"mRNA expression is a relevant tool to identify developmental neurotoxicants using an in vitro approach","volume":"113","author":"Hogberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.04.044","article-title":"Valproic acid induces apoptosis in differentiating hippocampal neurons by the release of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 from activated astrocytes","volume":"497","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.05.014","article-title":"Differentiating human NT2\/D1 neurospheres as a versatile in vitro 3D model system for developmental neurotoxicity testing","volume":"249","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.09.019","article-title":"Molecular multiple endpoint embryonic stem cell test\u2014a possible approach to test for the teratogenic potential of compounds","volume":"194","author":"zur Nieden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0365","first-page":"357","article-title":"Valproic acid, but not its non-teratogenic analogue 2-isopropylpentanoic acid, affects proliferation, viability and neuronal differentiation of the human teratocarcinoma cell line NTera-2","volume":"19","author":"Skladchikova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(85)90053-0","article-title":"Differential toxicity of chronic exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital or carbamazepine in cerebral cortical cell cultures","volume":"1","author":"Neale","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441504","article-title":"The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs","volume":"344","author":"Holmes","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0380","first-page":"37","article-title":"The teratogenicity of hydantoins and barbiturates in humans, with considerations on the etiology of malformations and cerebral disturbances in the children of epileptic parents","volume":"2","author":"Majewski","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Biol Res Pregnancy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80414-3","article-title":"Risks to the offspring of women treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants, with emphasis on the fetal hydantoin syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Hanson","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.4.251","article-title":"Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth","volume":"39","author":"Dean","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(92)90039-D","article-title":"The effects of prenatal exposure to phenytoin and other anticonvulsants on intellectual function at 4 to 8 years of age","volume":"14","author":"Vanoverloop","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0400","first-page":"87","article-title":"Psychomotor development minor anomalies in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a prospective population-based study","volume":"42","author":"Wide","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510340057034","article-title":"Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy","volume":"271","author":"Scolnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91403-3","article-title":"Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects","volume":"1","author":"Shapiro","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80377-9","article-title":"Intelligence of children of epileptic mothers","volume":"113","author":"Gaily","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318250d824","article-title":"Effects of fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: outcomes at age 4.5 years","volume":"78","author":"Meador","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530190032031","article-title":"In utero exposure to phenobarbital and intelligence deficits in adult men","volume":"274","author":"Reinisch","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0430","first-page":"466","article-title":"Cognitive deficits following gestational monotherapy with phenobarbital and carbamazepine","volume":"22","author":"Adams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00333.x","article-title":"Association of prenatal phenobarbital and phenytoin exposure with small head size at birth and with learning problems","volume":"89","author":"Dessens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-1998-1276","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs and spatial ability in adulthood","volume":"58","author":"Dessens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14137.x","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug treatment in pregnancy: drug side effects in the neonate and neurological outcome","volume":"85","author":"Koch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.08.007","article-title":"The effects of valproate exposure in utero on behavior and the need for educational support in school-aged children","volume":"9","author":"Viinikainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02668.x","article-title":"Early cognitive development in children born to women with epilepsy: a prospective report","volume":"51","author":"Bromley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12226","article-title":"Exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero and child development: a prospective population-based study","volume":"54","author":"Veiby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.09.024","article-title":"A prospective study of cognitive fluency and originality in children exposed in utero to carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or valproate monotherapy","volume":"16","author":"McVearry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.06.001","article-title":"Developmental outcomes at preschool age after fetal exposure to valproic acid and lamotrigine: cognitive, motor, sensory and behavioral function","volume":"41","author":"Rihtman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.06.014","article-title":"Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: motor, adaptive, and emotional\/behavioral functioning at age 3 years","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.08.001","article-title":"Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: adaptive and emotional\/behavioral functioning at age 6 years","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.15","article-title":"Additional educational needs in children born to mothers with epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Adab","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11858.x","article-title":"Fetal valproate syndrome: clinical and neuro-developmental features in two sibling pairs","volume":"36","author":"Christianson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.7.489","article-title":"A clinical study of 57 children with fetal anticonvulsant syndromes","volume":"37","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162205001076","article-title":"Characteristics of fetal anticonvulsant syndrome associated autistic disorder","volume":"47","author":"Rasalam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000339399.64213.1a","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs","volume":"71","author":"Bromley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.75.6.517","article-title":"Outcome of children born to epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy","volume":"75","author":"Ornoy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.176990","article-title":"Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine","volume":"96","author":"Cummings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1.28","article-title":"Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine","volume":"62","author":"Gaily","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0525","series-title":"Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk","author":"Briggs","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000030","article-title":"In utero exposure to levetiracetam vs valproate: development and language at 3 years of age","volume":"82","author":"Shallcross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.05.038","article-title":"Preliminary findings of the developmental effects of in utero exposure to topiramate","volume":"34","author":"Rihtman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0540","series-title":"Drugs during pregnancy and lactation. Treatment options and risks assessment","author":"Schaefer","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4290","article-title":"Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Veiby","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198212000-00001","article-title":"Phenytoin excretion in human breast milk and plasma levels in nursed infants","volume":"4","author":"Steen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(97)00277-X","article-title":"Monitoring of phenytoin in human breast milk, maternal plasma and cord blood plasma by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography","volume":"17","author":"Shimoyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200022060-00002","article-title":"Anticonvulsant use during lactation","volume":"22","author":"H\u00e4gg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000457682","article-title":"Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior","volume":"11","author":"Kuhnz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.776","article-title":"Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk","volume":"108","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32875-2","article-title":"Valproic acid and its metabolites: placental transfer, neonatal pharmacokinetics, transfer via mother's milk and clinical status in neonates of epileptic mothers","volume":"219","author":"Nau","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80567-3","article-title":"Valproic acid in the perinatal period: decreased maternal serum protein binding results in fetal accumulation and neonatal displacement of the drug and some metabolites","volume":"104","author":"Nau","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198409000-00002","article-title":"Carbamazepine levels in breast milk","volume":"6","author":"Froescher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1258\/0004563001899023","article-title":"Monitoring of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in breast milk and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"37","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00232.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation","volume":"41","author":"Ohman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050234","article-title":"Concentrations of lamotrigine in a mother on lamotrigine treatment and her newborn child","volume":"51","author":"Rambeck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01489.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Tomson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.11.018","article-title":"Concerns regarding lamotrigine and breast-feeding","volume":"5","author":"Liporace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01032.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation","volume":"48","author":"Tomson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.54804.x","article-title":"Levetiracetam concentrations in serum and in breast milk at birth and during lactation","volume":"46","author":"Johannessen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.12502.x","article-title":"Topiramate kinetics during delivery, lactation, and in the neonate: preliminary observations","volume":"43","author":"Ohman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00251.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Ohman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.t01-1-00693.x","article-title":"Vigabatrin: placental transfer in vivo and excretion into breast milk of the enantiomers","volume":"45","author":"Tran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623814000628?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623814000628?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:37:34Z","timestamp":1760189854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623814000628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":128,"alternative-id":["S0890623814000628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Developmental neurotoxicity and anticonvulsant drugs: A possible link","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}