{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1793890961693,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T12:31:55Z","timestamp":1676550715000},"page":"108350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glyphosate exposure and preterm birth: A nested case-control pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Meghana","family":"Varde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy R.","family":"Gerona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Reckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Braak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Vena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.01.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of late and moderate preterm birth","volume":"17","author":"Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9","article-title":"Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis","volume":"382","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3232","article-title":"Delivery indications at late-preterm gestations and infant mortality rates in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Reddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000224825.57976.87","article-title":"Neonatal infection and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in the preterm infant","volume":"19","author":"Adams-Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.009","article-title":"Epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"41","author":"Purisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2017.01.003","article-title":"Long-term impact of preterm birth","volume":"44","author":"Luu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0904308","article-title":"The enigma of spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"362","author":"Muglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118264","article-title":"Maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and preterm birth: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis","volume":"292","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib9","unstructured":"US EPA, Glyphosate, 2014. \u3008https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ingredients-used-pesticide-products\/glyphosate\u3009 (accessed August 9, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-021-00442-4","article-title":"Effects of glyphosate exposure on reproductive health: A systematic review of human, animal and in-vitro studies","volume":"14","author":"Mendez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-016-0070-0","article-title":"Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally","volume":"28","author":"Benbrook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128619","article-title":"Glyphosate and the key characteristics of an endocrine disruptor: a review","volume":"270","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00906-3","article-title":"Glyphosate exposure in early pregnancy and reduced fetal growth: a prospective observational study of high-risk pregnancies","volume":"21","author":"Gerona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-006-0154-8","article-title":"Time- and dose-dependent effects of roundup on human embryonic and placental cells","volume":"53","author":"Benachour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7728","article-title":"Differential effects of glyphosate and Roundup on human placental cells and aromatase","volume":"113","author":"Richard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2017.1319315","article-title":"Glyphosate and paraquat in maternal and fetal serums in Thai women","volume":"22","author":"Kongtip","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agromedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0367-0","article-title":"Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Parvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1448","article-title":"Maternal residential exposure to specific agricultural pesticide active ingredients and birth defects in a 2003-2005 North Carolina birth cohort","volume":"111","author":"Rappazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birth. Defects Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib19","unstructured":"[dataset] NHANES Questionnaires, Datasets, and Related Documentation, (n.d.). \u3008https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/Default.aspx\u3009 (accessed October 11, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12822","article-title":"Residues of glyphosate in food and dietary exposure","volume":"20","author":"Vicini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib21","unstructured":"USDA ERS, Recent Trends in GE Adoption, (n.d.). \u3008https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-u-s\/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption\/\u3009 (Accessed 14 November\u00a02022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6667","article-title":"Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the farm family exposure study","volume":"112","author":"Acquavella","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7295","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to glyphosate and its environmental degradate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and preterm birth: A nested case\u2013control study in the PROTECT cohort (Puerto Rico)","volume":"129","author":"Silver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111811","article-title":"Urinary glyphosate concentration in pregnant women in relation to length of gestation","volume":"203","author":"Lesseur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.016","article-title":"A study of adverse birth outcomes and agricultural land use practices in Missouri","volume":"134","author":"Almberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics6030041","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to ambient pesticides and preterm birth and term low birthweight in agricultural regions of California","volume":"6","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.684207","article-title":"Explaining the Black-white disparity in preterm birth: a consensus statement from a multi-disciplinary scientific work group convened by the March of Dimes","volume":"3","author":"Braveman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316486","article-title":"Racial disparities in preterm birth in USA: A biosensor of physical and social environmental exposures","volume":"104","author":"Burris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.005","article-title":"Racial disparity in maternal phthalates exposure; association with racial disparity in fetal growth and birth outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Bloom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042190","article-title":"Maternal food and beverage consumption behaviors and discrepant phthalate exposure by race","volume":"18","author":"Sterrett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1990.10389587","article-title":"Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values","volume":"5","author":"Hornung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669391355134","article-title":"Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review","volume":"54","author":"Boeniger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0435-5","article-title":"The evidence of human exposure to glyphosate: a review","volume":"18","author":"Gillezeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.124","article-title":"Preterm birth: an overview of risk factors and obstetrical management","volume":"16","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241736","article-title":"The association between prepregnancy maternal body mass index and preterm delivery","volume":"27","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300564","article-title":"Temporal changes in socioeconomic influences on health: maternal education and preterm birth","volume":"102","author":"El-Sayed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051096","article-title":"Effect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study","volume":"174","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318225c2be","article-title":"DAGitty: A graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams","volume":"22","author":"Textor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008","article-title":"Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research","volume":"10","author":"Greenland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106656","article-title":"Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data","volume":"156","author":"Kuiper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.125","article-title":"The use and misuse of matching in case-control studies: the example of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Bloom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib42","first-page":"5","article-title":"Multiple imputation with multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE) package","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det297","article-title":"Length of human pregnancy and contributors to its natural variation","volume":"28","author":"Jukic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib44","unstructured":"Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) Database, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. (n.d.). \u3008https:\/\/www.fas.usda.gov\/maximum-residue-limits-mrl-database\u3009 (accessed October 18, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002897","article-title":"Effects of maternal diets on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Gete","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.5092","article-title":"Pesticides and human reproduction","volume":"178","author":"Landrigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA. Intern. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121078","article-title":"What are pregnant women eating? nutrient and food group differences by race","volume":"186","author":"Siega-Riz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119883584","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in diet quality and eating habits among WIC pregnant women: Implications for policy and practice","volume":"34","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7021318","article-title":"Association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth size measures in a diverse population in southern US","volume":"7","author":"Col\u00f3n-Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112670","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of dietary exposure to glyphosate resulting from recommended U.S. diets","volume":"158","author":"Louie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5201","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b07819","article-title":"Analysis of glyphosate residues in foods from the Canadian retail markets between 2015 and 2017","volume":"68","author":"Kolakowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.09.004","article-title":"Exploring the half-life of glyphosate in human urine samples","volume":"222","author":"Connolly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.011","article-title":"The epidemiology, etiology, and costs of preterm birth","volume":"21","author":"Frey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sem. Fetal Neonatal Med"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623823000230?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623823000230?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:59:45Z","timestamp":1760191185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623823000230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0890623823000230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glyphosate exposure and preterm birth: A nested case-control pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108350"}}