{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:30:24Z","timestamp":1792499424069,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004597","name":"University of Kalyani","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T18:59:06Z","timestamp":1744743546000},"page":"108919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-administration of atorvastatin with piperine induces reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats through oxidative stress induction and downregulation of StAR, CYP11a1, 3\u03b2HSD and 17\u03b2HSD genes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Sanjib","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maharaj","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316643383","article-title":"The disappearing sperms: analysis of reports published between 1980 and 2015","volume":"11","author":"Sengupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046","article-title":"International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care","volume":"22","author":"Boivin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190068","article-title":"A Schematic Overview of the Current Status of Male Infertility Practice","volume":"38","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0320-7","article-title":"Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and male fertility","volume":"16","author":"Sansone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.145","article-title":"Adverse effects of common medications on male fertility","volume":"12","author":"Samplaski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx006","article-title":"Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"23","author":"Salas-Huetos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.113.055236","article-title":"Herb drug interactions: Challenges and opportunities for improved predictions","volume":"42","author":"Brantley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-016-2173-3","article-title":"The influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in healthy volunteers","volume":"73","author":"Bedada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmaa126","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Herb-Drug Interaction of Piperine with Atorvastatin in Rats","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.4700","article-title":"National Trends in Statin Use and Expenditures in the US Adult Population From 2002 to 2013: Insights from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey","volume":"2","author":"Salami","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350334","article-title":"Effects of long-term pravastatin treatment on spermatogenesis and on adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis in male hypercholesterolemic patients","volume":"21","author":"Bernini","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(00)90938-7","article-title":"Effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on gonadal function in male hypercholesterolemic patients","volume":"49","author":"Dobs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v19i12.19","article-title":"Effect of atorvastatin on spermatogenesis in rats: A stereological study","volume":"19","author":"Akdeniz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-65","article-title":"Evaluation of atorvastatin efficacy and toxicity on spermatozoa, accessory glands and gonadal hormones of healthy men: A pilot prospective clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Pons-Rejraji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.12.010","article-title":"Statin drugs markedly inhibit testosterone production by rat Leydig cells in vitro: Implications for men","volume":"45","author":"Klinefelter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100627","article-title":"Statins and Male Fertility: Is There a Cause for Concern?","volume":"10","author":"Omolaoye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390601062054","article-title":"Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects","volume":"47","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12590","article-title":"Chemical, pharmacological and nutritional quality assessment of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seed cultivars","volume":"42","author":"Abukawsar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109356","article-title":"Comparative study of the bioactive compounds, flavours and minerals present in black pepper before and after removing the outer skin","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-021-00292-2","article-title":"Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.)] essential oil and piperine: a review","author":"Ashokkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Phytosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib24","series-title":"Herbs, Spices and Their Roles in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods","first-page":"41","article-title":"Chapter 4 - Role of Piper nigrum in functional food and nutraceuticals","author":"Banu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.32.31","article-title":"Hypolipidemic effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) in rats fed high fat diet","volume":"32","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib26","first-page":"706","article-title":"Antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of fruits of Piper nigrum L. in mice","volume":"47","author":"Mishra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.2402","article-title":"Testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitory active constituents of Piper nigrum leaf","volume":"30","author":"Hirata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20251","article-title":"Piperine activates testicular apoptosis in adult rats","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Cruz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00128-7","article-title":"Effects of piperine on testis of albino rats","volume":"64","author":"Malini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00244","article-title":"Diverged Effects of Piperine on Testicular Development: Stimulating Leydig Cell Development but Inhibiting Spermatogenesis in Rats","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S525","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_405_16","article-title":"Reversible testicular toxicity of piperine on male albino rats","volume":"13","author":"Chinta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phcog Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib32","first-page":"14","article-title":"Fenofibrate ameliorated atorvastatin and piperine-induced ROS mediated reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats","volume":"14","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.07.010","article-title":"Genotoxic consequences associated with oxidative damage in testis of mice subjected to iron intoxication","volume":"206","author":"Doreswamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)37153-9","article-title":"Duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the mouse and hamster determined by means of 3H-thymidine and radioautography","volume":"20","author":"Clermont","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib36","first-page":"181","article-title":"Histological and histochemical effects of Gly-phosate on testicular tissue and function, Iran","volume":"10","author":"Razi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib37","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Histo-morphological & seminal evaluation of testicular parameters in diabetic rats under antiretroviral therapy: interactions with Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Iran","volume":"21","author":"Onanuga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S611","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271211048184","article-title":"Thymoquinone ameliorates bleomycin-induced reproductive toxicity in male Balb\/c mice","volume":"40","author":"Yaghutian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271231215036","article-title":"The antioxidant properties of resveratrol on sperm parameters, testicular tissue, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation in isoflurane-induced toxicity in mice","volume":"42","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00069-0","article-title":"Age-related changes in reactive oxygen species production in rat brain homogenates","volume":"22","author":"Driver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotox. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90132-7","article-title":"1972 Colorimetric assay of catalase","volume":"47","author":"Sinha","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels","volume":"44","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.1996.11747079","article-title":"Glutathione metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress in ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) mediated hepatic injury","volume":"2","author":"Iqbal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg087","article-title":"Quantitative changes in gene expression in fetal rat testes following exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate","volume":"73","author":"Barlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib47","article-title":"Eugenol alleviates acrylamide-induced rat testicular toxicity by modulating AMPK\/p-AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway and blood\u2013testis barrier remodeling","volume":"1910","author":"Saleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib48","first-page":"287","article-title":"First line defence antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid","volume":"54","author":"Ighodaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04584.x","article-title":"Stress-dependent induction of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidants in peripheral tissues of rats: comparison of three stress models (immobilization, cold and immobilization-cold)","volume":"34","author":"Sahin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.09.014","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Medical Antioxidant Treatment in Male Infertility","volume":"19","author":"Lanzafame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03284.x","article-title":"Semen quality and human fertility: a prospective study with healthy couples","volume":"21","author":"Zinaman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep416","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation and abnormal fatty acid profiles in seminal and blood plasma of normozoospermic males from infertile couples","volume":"25","author":"Oborna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Bisht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Uro."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.04.001","article-title":"Toxic effects of anatoxin-a on testes and sperm counts of male mice","volume":"60","author":"Yavasoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Toxico. l Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2014.918675","article-title":"Mechanisms of oligozoospermia: an oxidative stress perspective","volume":"60","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00577-6","article-title":"A comparative study of the in vitro antioxidant activity of statins","volume":"90","author":"Franzoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0820-6","article-title":"Atorvastatin effect on high-density lipoprotein- associated paraoxonase activity and oxidative DNA damage","volume":"60","author":"Harangi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.06.052","article-title":"Atorvastatin mitigates testicular injuries induced by ionizing radiation in mice","volume":"72","author":"Naeimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.25926.1","article-title":"The ameliorative effect of atorvastatin on serum testosterone and testicular oxidant\/antioxidant system of HFD-fed male albino rats","volume":"5","author":"Esmail","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.3.226","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of spermatozoa and immature germ cells","volume":"3","author":"Lenzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.03.027","article-title":"Pistacia chinensis: strong antioxidant and potent testicular toxicity amelioration agent","volume":"10","author":"Noureen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3457-8","article-title":"Dose-dependent short-term study of di-n-butyl phthalate on the testicular antioxidant system of Wistar rats","volume":"22","author":"Nair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_150_18","article-title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: An Updated Review","volume":"12","author":"Alahmar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01796-9","article-title":"Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men","volume":"75","author":"Zini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.suppl_1.15","article-title":"Impact of reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa: a balancing act between beneficial and detrimental effects","volume":"10","author":"de Lamirande","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1","article-title":"Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"World, J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.069","article-title":"Antioxidant strategies in epididymis","volume":"216","author":"Vernet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib68","first-page":"193","article-title":"Testicular lipids","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib69","unstructured":"T. Malini, M.M. Aruldhas, P. Govindarajulu, Effect of piperine on testis of adult albino rats. International Conference on Fertility Regulation, Bombay, (1992) 5\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.18","article-title":"Effects of genistein and equol on human and rat testicular 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 activities","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.011","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial fusion and StAR phosphorylation in the regulation of StAR activity and steroidogenesis","volume":"408","author":"Castillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-019-09481-9","article-title":"Luteolin modulates gene expression related to steroidogenesis, apoptosis, and stress response in rat LC540 tumor Leydig cells","volume":"36","author":"Couture","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.02.010","article-title":"Hormonal control of germ cell development and spermatogenesis","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.1.2.16956","article-title":"Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2011.03.002","article-title":"Dichlorvos-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective role of vitamins C and E","volume":"64","author":"Dirican","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919_bib76","first-page":"183","article-title":"Chronic exposure to high dose of atorvastatin with piperine induced testicular fibrosis in Wistar rats through ROS generation and TGF-\u03b21 upregulation","volume":"12","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egype J. Basic Appl. Sci."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623825000905?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623825000905?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T12:12:17Z","timestamp":1749211937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623825000905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0890623825000905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-administration of atorvastatin with piperine induces reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats through oxidative stress induction and downregulation of StAR, CYP11a1, 3\u03b2HSD and 17\u03b2HSD genes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108919","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108919"}}