{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1785297595212,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/10\/FR\/21\/2021-RBMCH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/10\/FR\/21\/2021-RBMCH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:47:36Z","timestamp":1757501256000},"page":"109049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modulatory role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on male and female reproductive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Nayanika","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarika","family":"Borle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipty","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Search for the causes of reproductive system disorders: a research review","volume":"11","author":"Kirakosyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02230-7","article-title":"Circular RNAs as a novel class of potential therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in reproductive biology\/diseases","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023). 1 in 6 People Globally Affected by Infertility. PMID: 37482387."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13588","article-title":"The emergence of natural products as potential therapeutics for Male infertility","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"19-20","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.05.007","article-title":"Drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry: productivity challenges and trends","volume":"17","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050559","article-title":"The traditional Medicine and modern Medicine from natural products","volume":"21","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.11.019","article-title":"Natural products: potential lead compounds for the treatment of endometriosis","volume":"245","author":"Machairiotis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.02.006","article-title":"Potential role of Green tea catechins in the management of oxidative stress-associated infertility","volume":"34","author":"Roychoudhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71815-6_25","author":"Majzoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid. Ther. A Clin. 's. Guide Sperm DNA Chromatin Damage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092675","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Green tea catechins on female reproductive disorders: a review","volume":"26","author":"Kamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4111679","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most effective cancer chemopreventive polyphenol in Green tea","volume":"4","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.07.093","article-title":"Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications","volume":"82","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.69.2455","article-title":"Heat-epimerized tea catechins have the same cholesterol-lowering activity as Green tea catechins in cholesterol-fed rats","volume":"69","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.12.022","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms of polyphenols beyond antioxidant properties; lessons from the Green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin 3-gallate","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135246","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate therapeutic potential in cancer: mechanism of action and clinical implications","volume":"28","author":"Kciuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-024-00240-9","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate therapeutic potential in human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"5","author":"Alam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010340","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Green tea polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Mokra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081566","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): a time for a new player in the treatment of respiratory diseases?","volume":"11","author":"Mokra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.06.007","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells via p38 MAPK and Nrf-2 that suppresses proinflammatory actions of TNF-\u03b1","volume":"23","author":"Pullikotil","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.11.013","article-title":"Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt and ERK pathways","volume":"78","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.12.011","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents oxidative phosphorylation deficit and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in human cells from subjects with down's syndrome","volume":"1832","author":"Valenti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2215","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate accumulates in mitochondria and displays a selective antiapoptotic effect against inducers of mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons","volume":"11","author":"Schroeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib23","first-page":"7241","article-title":"Stability, cellular uptake, biotransformation, and efflux of tea polyphenol (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"62","author":"Hong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34933","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204672200","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of Green tea, represses hepatic glucose production","volume":"277","author":"Waltner-Law","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19971101)67:2<155::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"New insights into the metastasis-associated 67 kd laminin receptor","volume":"67","author":"M\u00e9nard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-008-1117-6","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of Green tea, regulates high glucose-induced apoptosis","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. pharmacal Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903742","article-title":"TLR4 signaling inhibitory pathway induced by Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate through 67-kDa laminin receptor","volume":"185","author":"Hong Byun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67227","article-title":"AMPK, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Ruderman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000256090.42690.05","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling","volume":"100","author":"Towler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.25.15583","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by Ca2+-calmodulin and caveolin","volume":"272","author":"Michel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12030","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.18.12030","article-title":"Calmodulin promotes dimerization of the oxygenase domain of human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase","volume":"272","author":"Hellermann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.09.017","article-title":"Positive inotropic effect of purified Green tea catechin derivative in Guinea pig hearts: the measurements of cellular Ca2+ and nitric oxide release","volume":"552","author":"Hotta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-010-9285-x","article-title":"\u2212) epigallocatechin gallate suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through transcription factors FoxO1 and SREBP1c","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1042\/CBI20110047","article-title":"\u2212)-Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses adipocyte differentiation through the MEK\/ERK and PI3K\/Akt pathways","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2119\/2004-00032.Aneja","article-title":"Epigallocatechin, a Green tea polyphenol, attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"10","author":"Aneja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1716fje","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits STAT-1 activation and protects cardiac myocytes from ischemia\/reperfusion-induced apoptosis","volume":"18","author":"Townsend","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"3A","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib37","first-page":"1713","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by epigallocatechin gallate and autophagy inhibitors in a mouse macrophage-like cell line","volume":"28","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Yang, N.D., Zhou, F., Shen, T., Duan, T., Zhou, J., \u2026 & Shen, H.M. (2012). (\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces non-apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells via ROS-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization. doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0046749.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046749"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.02.015","article-title":"EGCG stimulates autophagy and reduces cytoplasmic HMGB1 levels in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22693","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.477505","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) stimulates autophagy in vascular endothelial cells: a potential role for reducing lipid accumulation","volume":"288","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib41","first-page":"7563","article-title":"Tea polyphenol (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits DNA methyltransferase and reactivates methylation-silenced genes in cancer cell lines","volume":"63","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib42","first-page":"635","article-title":"EGCG inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma through TFPI-2 overexpression","volume":"21","author":"Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110186","article-title":"A review for physiological activities of EGCG and the role in improving fertility in humans\/mammals","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122167","article-title":"Sperm proteostasis: Can-nabinoids be chaperone's partners?","volume":"333","author":"Flores-Montero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-021-00585-w","article-title":"Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and Male fertility: a narrative review","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac035","article-title":"Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries","volume":"29","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063510","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1063510","article-title":"Comprehensive review on the positive and negative effects of various important regulators on Male spermatogenesis and fertility","volume":"9","author":"Chao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3390\/life11030213","article-title":"Exogenous factors affecting the functional integrity of Male reproduction","volume":"11","author":"Tirp\u00e1k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2019.04.015","article-title":"The protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on testicular oxidative stress in lead-induced toxicity mediated by Cyp19 gene\/estradiol level","volume":"422","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.151","article-title":"Protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on arsenic induced testicular toxicity in Swiss albino mice","volume":"96","author":"Guvvala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjr.2015.07.005","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate exacerbates fluoride-induced oxidative stress mediated testicular toxicity in rats through the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"4","author":"Thangapandiyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1322618","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate counters cisplatin toxicity of rat testes","volume":"55","author":"Fouad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib53","first-page":"880","article-title":"Evaluation toxic effect of bisphenol a in reproductive system of Male mice and amelioration its effect by Green tea extract","volume":"19","author":"Abed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Arch."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3247","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate protects against hepatic damage and testicular toxicity in Male mice exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate","volume":"18","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136252","article-title":"Silk fibroin microneedles loaded with epigallocatechin gallate mitigate atrazine-induced testicular toxicity","volume":"480","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.12.004","article-title":"Lifestyle causes of Male infertility","volume":"16","author":"Durairajanayagam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab J. Urol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9759","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179759","article-title":"Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate for Male sexual dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172692","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3172692","article-title":"NRF2 plays a critical role in both self and EGCG protection against diabetic testicular damage","volume":"2017","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114340","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-gallate attenuates rapamycin exacerbated high fat diet-induced autophagy, hormonal dysregulation, testicular and brain oxidative stress, and neurochemical changes in rats","volume":"184","author":"Onyekweli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.03.013","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits apoptosis and protects testicular seminiferous tubules from ischemia\/reperfusion-induced inflammation","volume":"420","author":"Al-Maghrebi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib61","unstructured":"Vigueras Villase\u00f1or, R.M., Jim\u00e9nez Cabrera, T., Ch\u00e1vez Salda\u00f1a, M., Jimenez Trejo, F., Cuevas Alpuche, O., & Rojas Casta\u00f1eda, J.C. (2019). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects the testis from damage generated by experimental cryptorchidism in rabbits. 10.14670\/HH-18-096."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102165","article-title":"Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate in the mice induced by chronic scrotal hyperthermia","volume":"84","author":"Raoofi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070834","article-title":"Therapeutic role of Green tea polyphenols in improving fertility: a review","volume":"10","author":"Sajid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14310","article-title":"Epigallocatechin 3-gallate improves the quality of bull semen cryopreservation","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.07.007","article-title":"Effects of antioxidants on boar spermatozoa during sorting and storage","volume":"122","author":"Vallorani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.01984.x","article-title":"Effects of (\u2212)-Epigallocatechin gallate on the motility and penetrability of Frozen\u2013Thawed boar spermatozoa incubated in the fertilization medium","volume":"47","author":"Kaedei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200190","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate affects survival and metabolism of human sperm","volume":"56","author":"De Amicis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-21-0419","article-title":"Histidine decarboxylase inhibitors: a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of leydigioma","volume":"255","author":"Abiuso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402019","article-title":"Synthetic analogs of Green tea polyphenols as proteasome inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.62.4.765","article-title":"Inhibition of bcl-xl phosphorylation by tea polyphenols or epigallocatechin-3-gallate is associated with prostate cancer cell apoptosis","volume":"62","author":"Kazi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00084-6","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by the Green tea component,(\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate","volume":"130","author":"Paschka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006426","article-title":"Green tea and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02458-9","article-title":"Tea polyphenol-engineered hybrid cellular nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46020098","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically enhanced arecoline-induced cytotoxicity by redirecting cycle arrest to apoptosis","volume":"46","author":"Shih","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70794","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12222","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of one-year administration of Green tea catechins","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0167","volume":"2","author":"McLarty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib77","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib78","first-page":"1215","article-title":"The effect of Green tea extract on reproductive improvement in estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rat","volume":"14","author":"Ghafurniyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_67_15","article-title":"Effect of Green tea on metabolic and hormonal aspect of polycystic ovarian syndrome in overweight and obese women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome: a clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Tehrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.10.006","article-title":"Effects of Chinese Green tea on weight, and hormonal and biochemical profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome--a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.056","article-title":"High prevalence of endometriosis in infertile women with normal ovulation and normospermic partners","volume":"92","author":"Meuleman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"382","author":"Zondervan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: endometriosis","volume":"2022","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den245","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits estrogen-induced activation of endometrial cells in vitro and causes regression of endometriotic lesions in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Laschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib85","first-page":"608","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic effects of Green tea catechin on an experimental endometriosis mouse model","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des369","article-title":"Natural therapies assessment for the treatment of endometriosis","volume":"28","author":"Ricci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib87","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Antifibrotic properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in endometriosis","volume":"29","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.008","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor c\/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and signaling in experimental endometriosis in vivo","volume":"96","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9299-4","article-title":"Prodrug of Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Pro-EGCG) as a potent anti-angiogenesis agent for endometriosis in mice","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib90","article-title":"Advancements and emerging therapies in the medical management of uterine fibroids: a comprehensive scoping review","volume":"30","author":"Krzy\u017canowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor International Medical Journal Experimental Clinical Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061439","article-title":"Green tea and benign gynecologic disorders: a new trick for an old beverage?","volume":"15","author":"Hazimeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.10.885","article-title":"Green tea extract inhibits proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro and in nude mice","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2007.11.009","article-title":"Chemoprevention of fibroid tumors by [\u2212]-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in quail","volume":"28","author":"Ozercan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.065","article-title":"Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of epigallocatechin gallate on human leiomyoma cells","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000363410","article-title":"Green tea extract inhibition of human leiomyoma cell proliferation is mediated via catechol-O-methyltransferase","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35212-6","article-title":"Targeting fibrotic signaling pathways by EGCG as a therapeutic strategy for uterine fibroids","volume":"13","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib97","first-page":"477","article-title":"Treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with Green tea extract: a pilot randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"7","author":"Roshdy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Women\u2019s. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05907-6","article-title":"Effects of epigallocatechin gallate-enriched Green tea extract capsules in uterine myomas: results of an observational study","volume":"303","author":"Biro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.01.016","article-title":"Pathology and physiopathology of adenomyosis","volume":"20","author":"Bergeron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113488455","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces myometrial infiltration, uterine hyperactivity, and stress levels and alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice induced with adenomyosis","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113518984","article-title":"Possible loss of GABAergic inhibition in mice with induced adenomyosis and treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates the loss with improved hyperalgesia","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3727\/096504011X13021877989711","article-title":"Tea polyphenols induce apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and akt activation in human cervical cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145774","article-title":"Suppressing effects of Green tea extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on TGF-\u03b2-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ROS\/Smad signaling in human cervical cancer cells","volume":"794","author":"Panji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2014.00028","article-title":"Enhancement of cisplatin sensitivity in human cervical cancer: epigallocatechin-3-gallate","volume":"1","author":"Kilic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092334","article-title":"Suppressive effects of EGCG on cervical cancer","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3802","article-title":"\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reverses the expression of various tumor-suppressor genes by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases in human cervical cancer cells","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib107","first-page":"1742","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits cell growth and regulates miRNA expression in cervical carcinoma cell lines infected with different high-risk human papillomavirus subtypes","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.906746","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate regulates autophagy in Male and female reproductive cancer","volume":"13","author":"Hung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.09.054","article-title":"A prodrug of Green tea polyphenol (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Pro-EGCG) serves as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor in endometrial cancer","volume":"412","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1104","article-title":"Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ishikawa cells is accompanied by sex steroid receptor downregulation","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12470","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis on molecular mechanism of Green tea compound Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate against ovarian cancer","volume":"10","author":"Xinqiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20569","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate delivers hydrogen peroxide to induce death of ovarian cancer cells and enhances their cisplatin susceptibility","volume":"207","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0053","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the endothelin axis and downstream signaling pathways in ovarian carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Spinella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib114","first-page":"4851","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate acts synergistically in combination with cisplatin and designed trans-palladiums in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"32","author":"Mazumder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib115","first-page":"2519","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a natural polyphenol, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells","volume":"30","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.12.026","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate and sulforaphane combination treatment induce apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells through hTERT and Bcl-2 down-regulation","volume":"319","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6641","article-title":"Mechanism of EGCG promoting apoptosis of MCF-7 cell line in human breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib118","first-page":"703","article-title":"EGCG down-regulates telomerase in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, leading to suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Mittal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.04.008","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer T47D cells through down-regulation of PI3K\/AKT and telomerase","volume":"69","author":"Moradzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-824X-5-9","article-title":"EGCG, a major Green tea catechin suppresses breast tumor angiogenesis and growth via inhibiting the activation of HIF-1\u03b1 and NF\u03baB, and VEGF expression","volume":"5","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vasc. Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209227","article-title":"The Green tea catechins,(\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (\u2212)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), inhibit HGF\/Met signaling in immortalized and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Bigelow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2006.01.027","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"245","author":"Thangapazham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150665","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150665","article-title":"Phase I study of topical epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy","volume":"89","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Radio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.1736","article-title":"Efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in preventing dermatitis in patients with breast cancer receiving postoperative radiotherapy","volume":"158","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143136","article-title":"Recent progress in nanotechnology improving the therapeutic potential of polyphenols for cancer","volume":"15","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB02056K","article-title":"Multi-ligand modified PC@ DOX-PA\/EGCG micelles effectively inhibit the growth of ER+, PR+ or HER 2+ breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.11.005","article-title":"Paclitaxel\/epigallocatechin gallate coloaded liposome: a synergistic delivery to control the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells","volume":"125","author":"Ramadass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.03.015","article-title":"Sequential release of epigallocatechin gallate and paclitaxel from PLGA-casein core\/shell nanoparticles sensitizes drug-resistant breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/08982104.2013.788023","article-title":"Anticancer activities of (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated nanoliposomes in MCF7 breast cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"de Pace","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Liposome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2019.04.005","article-title":"Bombesin conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles for improved delivery of epigallocatechin gallate for breast cancer treatment","volume":"224","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2020.2930","article-title":"Co-polymer functionalised gold nanoparticles show efficient mitochondrial targeted drug delivery in cervical carcinoma cells","volume":"16","author":"Oladimeji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib132","article-title":"1411 aptamer-functionalized chitosan-silica nanoparticles for targeted delivery of epigallocatechin gallate to the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines","volume":"22","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2021.109805","article-title":"Folic acid-functionalized tea polyphenol as a tumor-targeting nanodrug delivery system","volume":"206","author":"Chuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.09.027","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-Green tea catechin micellar nanocomplexes: Fail-safe cisplatin nanomedicine for the treatment of ovarian cancer without off-target toxicity","volume":"148","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20594","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic studies of Green tea catechins in maternal plasma and fetuses in rats","volume":"95","author":"Chu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.24.1088","article-title":"Inhibitory activities of (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate against topoisomerases I and II","volume":"24","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-009-0391-1","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances ischemia\/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via AKT and MAPK pathways","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2010.75","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits angiotensin II-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction via inhibition of the p38 MAPK\/HSP27 pathway","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C308","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00003.2016","article-title":"Green tea (\u2212)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of human villous trophoblasts via the ERK, p38, AMP-activated protein kinase, and protein kinase b pathways","volume":"311","author":"Shih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040648","article-title":"Effects of antioxidant intake on fetal development and maternal\/neonatal health during pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del353","article-title":"Uptake and distribution of catechins in fetal organs following in utero exposure in rats","volume":"22","author":"Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.11.002","article-title":"Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 3: teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity studies in rats","volume":"44","author":"Isbrucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052741","article-title":"Placental and renal pathways underlying pre-eclampsia","volume":"25","author":"Andronikidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib144","first-page":"276","article-title":"SERUM IRON, COPPER and ZINC LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA AND NORMOTENSIVE PRIMIGRAVIDA FEMALES: SERUM IRON, COPPER and ZINC","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"LEVELS Preeclampsia. Pak. Biomed. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12597","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate enhances treatment efficacy of oral nifedipine against pregnancy-induced severe pre-eclampsia: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical study","volume":"43","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib146","first-page":"e926924","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) improves anti-angiogenic state, cell viability, and hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction by downregulating high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in preeclampsia","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor International Medical Journal Experimental Clinical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2024.104263","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and improves pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia (PE)-like rats via eNOS\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"164","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13020158","article-title":"EGCG, a Green tea compound, increases NO production and has antioxidant action in a static and shear stress in vitro model of preeclampsia","volume":"13","author":"Bertozzi-Matheus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0248-2","article-title":"Risk factors and management of gestational diabetes","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12470","article-title":"Dietary epigallocatechin 3-gallate supplement improves maternal and neonatal treatment outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.02.008","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced embryonic vasculopathy and malformation by inhibition of Foxo3a activation","volume":"203","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.03.009","article-title":"The Green tea polyphenol EGCG alleviates maternal diabetes\u2013induced neural tube defects by inhibiting DNA hypermethylation","volume":"215","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114267","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate improves the quality of diabetic oocytes","volume":"159","author":"Chao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4256","article-title":"Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"138","author":"Hoyme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051067","article-title":"Effect of postnatal epigallocatechin-gallate treatment on cardiac function in mice prenatally exposed to alcohol","volume":"12","author":"Andreu-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114571000060X","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunctions and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain","volume":"13","author":"Tiwari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01282.x","article-title":"The preventive effect of oral EGCG in a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder mouse model","volume":"34","author":"Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020715","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder-like mouse model","volume":"22","author":"Almeida-Toledano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80235-y","article-title":"Collapsed mitochondrial cristae in goat spermatozoa due to Mercury result in lethality and compromised motility along with altered kinematic patterns","volume":"11","author":"Kushawaha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2016.19.033","article-title":"Embryonic zebrafish model-a well-established method for rapidly assessing the toxicity of homeopathic drugs:-toxicity evaluation of homeopathic drugs using zebrafish embryo model","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacopunct."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623825002205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623825002205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:48:59Z","timestamp":1773100139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623825002205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":160,"alternative-id":["S0890623825002205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulatory role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on male and female reproductive disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109049"}}