{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:00:35Z","timestamp":1790150435234,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:27:14Z","timestamp":1787984834000},"page":"109336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of the intergenerational effects of valproic acid and sodium butyrate on male reproductive parameters in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Sujata","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunasree M.","family":"Kalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Yenugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.06.002","article-title":"Multiple roles of HDAC inhibition in neurodegenerative conditions","volume":"32","author":"Chuang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4360","article-title":"Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in cancer, neurological diseases and immune disorders","volume":"13","author":"Falkenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2485","article-title":"The many roles of histone deacetylases in development and physiology: implications for disease and therapy","volume":"10","author":"Haberland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026831","article-title":"HDACs and HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer Development and Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69738","article-title":"New and emerging HDAC inhibitors for cancer treatment","volume":"124","author":"West","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178629","article-title":"Recent Insights into the Creation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Yudaev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117998","article-title":"Targeting histone deacetylase 1: Inhibition and activation as promising therapeutic strategies for diverse disorders","volume":"298","author":"Costanzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.24.6969","article-title":"Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells","volume":"20","author":"Gottlicher","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2174\/156802612800229206","article-title":"Sodium channel blockers as therapeutic target for treating epilepsy: recent updates","volume":"12","author":"Zuliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12425-5","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress and metal imbalance in cerebral ischemia: the neuroprotective role of sodium valproate","volume":"15","author":"Ulas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.08.006","article-title":"Valproate-induced developmental neurotoxicity is affected by maternal conditions including shipping stress and environmental change during early pregnancy","volume":"174","author":"Ogawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.05.007","article-title":"Prenatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","volume":"56","author":"Ornoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/712758","article-title":"What We Have Learned about Autism Spectrum Disorder from Valproic Acid","volume":"2013","author":"Chomiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Int."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000492113","article-title":"Neuroimmune Alterations in Autism: A Translational Analysis Focusing on the Animal Model of Autism Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid","volume":"25","author":"Deckmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1763-7","article-title":"Postnatal treatment using curcumin supplements to amend the damage in VPA-induced rodent models of autism","volume":"17","author":"Al-Askar","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13007","article-title":"Prospective assessment of autism traits in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111322","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms of valproic acid-induced neurotoxic events in autism and its implications for pharmacological treatment","volume":"137","author":"Taleb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/395895","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Sodium Butyrate against Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury in Mice","volume":"2015","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70035","article-title":"Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals HDAC Inhibition Modulates Microglial Dynamics to Protect Against Ischemic Stroke in Mice","volume":"73","author":"Jayaraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108479","article-title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates lead-induced neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and memory impairment through the ACSS2\/H3K9ac\/BDNF pathway","volume":"184","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0149-z","article-title":"HDAC Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Enhances Neuroprotective Function of Microglia During Ischemic Stroke","volume":"54","author":"Patnala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23748","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of microglial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in rats","volume":"68","author":"Saw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1194","article-title":"Sodium butyrate activates the K(ATP) channels to regulate the mechanism of Parkinson's disease microglia model inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5300","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0049-2","article-title":"Sodium Butyrate, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Exhibits Neuroprotective\/Neurogenic Effects in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia","volume":"54","author":"Ziemka-Nalecz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70009","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Riluzole and Sodium Butyrate on Barrier Function and Disease Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Through the Gut-Neuron Axis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2137776","article-title":"Beneficial effects of butyrate on brain functions: A view of epigenetic","volume":"64","author":"Alpino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S479113","article-title":"Discovery of a Novel and Potent Dual-Targeting Inhibitor of ATM and HDAC2 Through Structure-Based Virtual Screening for the Treatment of Testicular Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug. Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114940","article-title":"Suppressed testicular macrophage M1 polarization by HDAC5 enforces insensitivity to LPS-elicited blood-testis barrier damage","volume":"192","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib29","article-title":"PsA inhibits the development of bovine embryos through epigenetic and oxidative stress","volume":"84","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108551","article-title":"Investigating the effects of valproic acid on placental epigenetic modifications and development in the CD-1 mouse model","volume":"124","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1967","article-title":"Transgenerational adverse effects of valproate? A patient report from 90 affected families","volume":"114","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36250","article-title":"The transgenerational inheritance of autism-like phenotypes in mice exposed to valproic acid during pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.08.001","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications in valproic acid-induced teratogenesis","volume":"248","author":"Tung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125073","article-title":"Histone acetylation plays an important role in MC-LR-induced apoptosis and cycle disorder in SD rat testicular cells","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.014","article-title":"Cocaine alters the mouse testicular epigenome with direct impact on histone acetylation and DNA methylation marks","volume":"37","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109297","article-title":"CBD-rich oil nanoemulsion mitigates long-term testicular and endocrine toxicity induced by prenatal valproic acid exposure in rats","volume":"144","author":"Silva","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112240","article-title":"Donepezil and quercetin alleviate valproate-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: Imperative roles of AMPK\/SIRT1\/ PGC-1alpha and p38-MAPK\/NF-kappaB\/ IL-1beta signaling cascades","volume":"134","author":"Abu-Risha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2025.101082","article-title":"Mitigating testicular dysfunction: Metformin's role in combating valproic acid-induced damage in rats","volume":"25","author":"Elhemiely","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfad076","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs are endocrine disruptors for the human fetal testis ex vivo","volume":"195","author":"Lesne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13623","article-title":"Thymoquinone could be protective against valproic acid-induced testicular toxicity by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Savran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01550-9","article-title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative stress and alterations in membrane-bound enzyme activities in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling rat model","volume":"40","author":"Adebayo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.12.009","article-title":"Butyrate alleviates PTZ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis in mice via Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06950-0","article-title":"Butyric acid and valeric acid attenuate stress-induced ferroptosis and depressive-like behaviors by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib44","unstructured":"Mayoclinic. (2026). Valproic acid. Retrieved 22-07-2026 from https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements\/valproic-acid-oral-route\/description\/drg-20072931."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib45","series-title":"Valproic Acid","author":"Rahman","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40S","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312454337","article-title":"Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse male reproductive system","volume":"40","author":"Creasy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128330087241030093112","article-title":"Epigenetics Modulators as Therapeutics for Neurological Disorders","volume":"31","author":"Gaba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118511","article-title":"HDAC and PI3K dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers: Current status, trends, and solutions","volume":"304","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103967","article-title":"Valproic acid induced liver injury: An insight into molecular toxicological mechanism","volume":"95","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02732-0","article-title":"Valproic acid-induced teratogenicity is driven by senescence and prevented by Rapamycin in human spinal cord and animal models","volume":"30","author":"Pietrogrande","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.64503","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity of sodium valproate in male rats","volume":"42","author":"Bairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib52","article-title":"Reversible male infertility with valproate use: A review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Tallon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00791-1","article-title":"Understanding the impact of valproate on male fertility: insights from preclinical and clinical meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Asghar","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282898","article-title":"Testicular histone hyperacetylation in mice by valproic acid administration affects the next generation by changes in sperm DNA methylation","volume":"18","author":"Sakai","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib55","article-title":"Valproic acid as a therapeutic scaffold: Advances in structural modification and drug design","volume":"302","author":"Trocha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900927RR","article-title":"Butyrate prevents valproate-induced liver injury: In vitro and in vivo evidence","volume":"34","author":"Pirozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.07.015","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: A therapeutic perspective","volume":"27","author":"Tsilimigras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.07.002","article-title":"Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on reproduction in adult breeder roosters","volume":"196","author":"Alhaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib59","article-title":"Sodium butyrate promotes synthesis of testosterone and meiosis of hyperuricemic male mice","volume":"15","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.12680","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid Across Various Indications for Use","volume":"7","author":"Smolinski","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63469-0","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of valproate and infertility in men with epilepsy or bipolar disorder using international health data","volume":"16","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2025.101516","article-title":"Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation during mid-to-late gestation enhances reproductive performance and antioxidant capability in sows","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v15i5.7096","article-title":"Effects of valproic acid on the reproductive functions of adult male Wistar rats and consequences for offspring","volume":"15","author":"Mboungou Malonga","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug. Deliv. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.20.280","article-title":"Zinc and selenium supplement mitigated valproic acid-induced testis toxicity by modulating the oxidative redox balance in male rats","volume":"54","author":"Naderi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.09.007","article-title":"Investigation on sodium valproate induced germ cell damage, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in male Swiss mice","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12892","article-title":"Evaluation of sex hormones and sperm parameters in male epileptic patients","volume":"137","author":"Ocek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120434","article-title":"Vitamin E rescues valproic acid-induced testicular injury in rats: Role of autophagy","volume":"296","author":"Alsemeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib68","first-page":"217","article-title":"Valproic acid induces histologic changes and decreases androgen receptor levels of testis and epididymis in rats","volume":"15","author":"Iamsaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.11.019","article-title":"Effects of chronic treatment with valproate and oxcarbazepine on testicular development in rats","volume":"20","author":"Cansu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9913454","article-title":"The Effect of Thyme Honey on the Histopathological Changes of the Testis in Relation to the Side Effects of Valproic Acid in Adult Male Wistar Rats","volume":"2023","author":"Safarian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-2024-660","article-title":"Butyrate improves testicular spermatogenic dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091912","article-title":"Mitochondrial Liver Toxicity of Valproic Acid and Its Acid Derivatives Is Related to Inhibition of &\u266f945;-Lipoamide Dehydrogenase","volume":"18","author":"Kudin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70214","article-title":"Acetaminophen aggravates valproate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and apoptosis by facilitating valproate retention","volume":"183","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70484","article-title":"Ferroptosis and Lipid Peroxidation Participate in Valproic Acid-Induced Hepatotoxicity via the Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4\/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Pathway","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib75","first-page":"899","article-title":"Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways","volume":"28","author":"Azirak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8036","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.17400","article-title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates T-2 toxin-induced liver toxicity and renal toxicity in quails by modulating oxidative stress-related Nrf2 signaling pathway, inflammation, and CYP450 enzyme system","volume":"89","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202401379RR","article-title":"Effect of sodium butyrate on kidney and liver mitochondrial dysfunction in a lipopolysaccharide mouse model","volume":"38","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623826001796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890623826001796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:08:00Z","timestamp":1790147280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890623826001796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0890623826001796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the intergenerational effects of valproic acid and sodium butyrate on male reproductive parameters in the rat","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109336","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109336"}}