{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T03:22:48Z","timestamp":1794108168013,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026JJ80179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JJ80179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ30539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ30539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:42:31Z","timestamp":1789746151000},"page":"109365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Simultaneous challenge with polystyrene nanoplastics and BDE-47 elicits cooperative cytotoxic impairment in human spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib1","unstructured":"W.H. Organization, Infertility prevalence estimates (1990-2021)2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1573526","article-title":"The impact, mechanisms and prevention strategies of environmental endocrine disruptors on male reproductive health","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16793-3","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of male infertility in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019: an analysis of global burden of disease study","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1117155","article-title":"Human sperm proteome reveals the effect of environmental borne seminal polyaromatic hydrocarbons exposome in etiology of idiopathic male factor infertility","volume":"11","author":"Nayak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114925","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and its association with oxidative stress, MT1A methylation, and idiopathic male infertility in Egypt: a case-control study","volume":"192","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib6","first-page":"305","article-title":"Does environmental pollution affect male reproductive system in naturally exposed vertebrates? A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2025.115716","article-title":"Epigenetic transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to 2,2\u2032,4,4\u2032-tetrabromodiphenyl ether on sperm function and DNA methylation in rat offspring","volume":"205","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01752-0","article-title":"Occurrence, toxicity and removal of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics in human sperm","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117535","article-title":"Impact of 2,2\u2032,4,4\u2032-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) exposure on reproductive development in adolescent offspring","volume":"504","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib10","first-page":"55","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: human tissue levels and toxicology","volume":"183","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115773","article-title":"Impaired sperm quantity and motility in adult rats following gestational and lactational exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PBDE-47: a potential role of thyroid hormones disruption","volume":"268","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109171","article-title":"BDE-47 has cytotoxicity on human sperm by inducing apoptosis mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane damage","volume":"140","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf054","article-title":"Microplastics and impaired male reproductive health-exploring biological pathways of harm: a narrative review","volume":"112","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114297","article-title":"Polystyrene nanoparticles: sources, occurrence in the environment, distribution in tissues, accumulation and toxicity to various organisms","volume":"262","author":"Kik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib15","article-title":"Unravelling the potential mechanisms of nano-and microplastic toxicity to the male reproductive system: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"de Medeiros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eehl.2023.08.002","article-title":"A systematic review of the impacts of exposure to micro- and nano-plastics on human tissue accumulation and health","volume":"2","author":"Yudong Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eco-Environ. & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138911","article-title":"Unraveling the ecotoxicity of micro(nano)plastics loaded with environmental pollutants using ensemble machine learning","volume":"495","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311457","article-title":"The threat of micro-\/nanoplastics to male fertility: a review of the data and the importance of future research","volume":"26","author":"Alex","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131470","article-title":"Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics reduced male fertility and even caused male infertility by inducing testicular and sperm toxicities in mice","volume":"454","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109227","article-title":"Co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and 3, 3\u2032, 4, 4\u2032, 5-pentachlorobiphenyl induces synergistic toxicity in human sperm","volume":"142","author":"Peng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109201","article-title":"Co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and hexachlorocyclohexane induces enhanced human sperm toxicity in vitro","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041212","article-title":"A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health","volume":"17","author":"Campanale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135325","article-title":"Microplastics in landfill and leachate: Occurrence, environmental behavior and removal strategies","volume":"305","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib24","first-page":"842","article-title":"Advanced oxidation processes for the elimination of microplastics from aqueous systems: assessment of efficiency, perspectives and limitations","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104937","article-title":"Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk","volume":"131","author":"Bradney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.10.023","article-title":"Environmentally relevant concentrations of nanoplastic increase the accumulation and endocrine effects of BDE47 and its metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47 in male frogs' testes","volume":"164","author":"Zhanga","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.08.020","article-title":"Low concentrations of the brominated flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-99 induce synergistic oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"24","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.03.008","article-title":"The brominated flame retardant BDE-47 causes oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo in mice","volume":"48","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.10.032","article-title":"A study of oxidative stress induced by two polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz136","article-title":"Using a multi-stage hESC model to characterize BDE-47 toxicity during neurogenesis","volume":"171","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114002","article-title":"The crosstalk between M1 macrophage polarization and energy metabolism disorder contributes to polystyrene nanoplastics-triggered testicular inflammation","volume":"180","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14111315","article-title":"Parthenolide restores testosterone biosynthesis after nanoplastic exposure by blocking ROS-driven NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020306","article-title":"Male infertility and oxidative stress: a focus on the underlying mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Aitken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8070196","article-title":"Mitochondrial membrane potential predicts 4-hour sperm motility","volume":"8","author":"Alamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020363","article-title":"Evaluation of sperm mitochondrial function: a key organelle for sperm motility","volume":"9","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.03.030","article-title":"Simultaneous evaluation of superoxide content and mitochondrial membrane potential in stallion semen samples provides additional information about sperm quality","volume":"192","author":"Johannisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108730","article-title":"Trifluoperazine effect on human sperm: the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.109128","article-title":"Micro- and nanoplastics in human male reproduction: immune disruption, blood-testis barrier, and clinic-ready biomarkers","volume":"140","author":"Batool","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089062382600208X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089062382600208X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:11:43Z","timestamp":1790280703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089062382600208X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S089062382600208X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-6238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-6238","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Simultaneous challenge with polystyrene nanoplastics and BDE-47 elicits cooperative cytotoxic impairment in human spermatozoa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reproductive Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109365","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109365"}}